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高中英语->牛津译林版->高二上册->模块6Unit 4 Helping people around the world
A study published Monday found that people who sleep less tend to be fat,and experts said it's time to find out if more sleep will fight fatness.
“We've put so much emphasis on diet and exercise that we've failed to recognize the value of good sleep,”said Fred Turek,a physician at Northwestern University.
Monday's study from Eastern Virgnia Medical School in Norfolk covered 1,000 people and found that total sleep time decreased as body mass index-a measure of weight based on height increased.
“Men slept an average of 27 minutes less than women and overweight and fat patients slept less than patients with normal weights,”it said.In general the fatter subjects slept about 1.8 hours a week less than those with normal weights.
“Americans experience insufficient sleep and fat bodies.Clinicians are aware of the burden of fatness on patients,”the study said.
“Our findings suggest that major extensions of sleep time may not be necessary,as an extra 20 minutes of sleep per night seems to be associated with a lower body mass index,”it added.
“We caution that this study does not set up a causeandeffect relationship between restricted sleep and fatness,but investigations indicating success in weight loss via extensions of sleep would help greatly to set up such a relationship.”
The study was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine along with an editorial by Turek and Northwestern colleague Joseph Bass commenting on it and related research.
In an interview,Turek said some studies have shown the lack of sleep causes declines in an appetiteholding back protein hormone,and increases in another hormone that cause a longing for food.“In addition neuropathies(神经疗法)in the brain governing sleep and fatness appear to overlap(部分重叠),”he said.
“Fatness has been rising dramatically in developed countries and reached epidemic(流行病)levels in the United States,”it added,“leading to a variety of health problems.”
A new study having been | ||||
in the past | diet and | |||
this time | sleep | |||
A study from Eastern Virginia Medical School | People | 1,000 were | ||
difference | Men slept 27ms less than women on | |||
Americans' problem | sleep and fat bodies | |||
conclusion | Weight loss set up between sleep & fatness. | |||
Reason | Less sleep causes protein hormone to | |||
concern | developing countries | rising with speed | ||
in the USA | quite |
Your mobile is now much more than just a communication device - more like a remote control for your life. You still call it a "mobile" from habit, but it is an organizer, entertainment device, payment device and security(安全) center, all developed and manufactured by engineers.
What we do need is better mobiles and more intelligence. Because it knows your travel timetable it can check for problems on the roads or with the trains, giving you the best route into work. It can control your home, reprogramming the central heating if you need to get up earlier and keeping an eye on your home by connecting your mobile with the home security system. It is your payment system—you can pay for tickets for journeys or buy items in shops by placing the phone near a sensor(感应器). With an understanding of location, the mobile can also provide directions, or even tell you if your friends or family are nearby.
Usually it will start work even before you wake. It will work with your home entertainment system while you sleep to find programmes that will interest you and download them as a podcast to watch on the train or in other spare moments. It will intelligently work out what to do with incoming phone calls and messages. Because it knows your diary it will also know, for example, to direct voice calls to voicemail when you are in a meeting, perhaps providing a discrete text summary of the caller and the nature of their call.
With its understanding of almost all aspects of your life; many new services become possible. For example, a “Good Food” meal planning service could send daily suggestions for your evening meal based on learned preferences, previous selections made and the likely contents of your refrigerator.
Ten years ago the mobile was purely a device for making voice calls. Now it is a camera, MP3 player, and texting device. This is only the start of an evolution that will turn it into our trusted and indispensable companion in life.
Mobile phones | ||
Your mobile phone is not only a phone but also a remote control for your {#blank#}1{#/blank#}. | ||
Functions of your mobile phone | Organizer | * {#blank#}2{#/blank#}for problems on the roads or with the trains and find the best {#blank#}3{#/blank#}into work for you. *Control your home's central {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. *Deal with your phone calls and messages and {#blank#}5{#/blank#}voice calls to voicemail when you are in a meeting. *Send daily {#blank#}6{#/blank#}for your meals through a “Good Food” meal planning service. |
{#blank#}7{#/blank#} device | *Find and {#blank#}8{#/blank#}programmes for you to watch. | |
Payment device | *Pay for tickets for journeys or {#blank#}9{#/blank#} items in shops. | |
Security center | *You can look after your home by {#blank#}10{#/blank#}your mobile phone with the home security system. | |
Conclusion | Mobile phones will be our trusted and necessary helpers in life. |
If you said you were suffering from "burnout" in the early 1970s, you might have raised some eyebrows.
At the time, the term was informally to describe the side effects that heavy drug users experienced.
However, in 1974, a German-American psychologist Herbert Freudenberger found the volunteers at his clinic were struggling, too: their work was tough, and many were lacking in motivation. Freudenberger defined this condition as a state of extreme tiredness caused by constant overwork-and borrowed the term "burnout" to describe it.
Late last month, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the problem will be recognized as a syndrome (综合征) "resulting from workplace stress that has not been successfully managed."
Feeling the burn so how can you tell if you're almost burned out?
"A lot of the signs and symptoms of pre-burnout would be very similar to depression," says Siobhan Murray, a psychotherapist. She suggests looking out for bad habits, such as increased alcohol consumption and relying on sugar to get you through the day. Also watch out for feelings of tiredness that won't go away or not having the energy to exercise or go for a walk. As soon as you begin to feel this way, Murray advises going to see your doctor. "Depression and pre-burnout are very similar. But it is still classified as an occupational phenomenon which is still best tackled by making lifestyle changes."
And how do you know if you're really on the edge of burnout? "Stress is really important, and anxiety is what motivates us to do well," says Murray. "It's when we're continually exposed to stress and anxiety that it starts to turn into burnout."
You're pre-burnout: What's next?
"Sometimes they feel the need to be too perfect so they're having to work very hard to cover up that they're not quite as good as everyone thinks." Another therapist Walker says.
However, sometimes the work environment is the problem. According to a 2018 study of 7,500 US workers, burnout comes from unfair treatment at work, an unmanageable workload and not knowing what a person's role should involve. Workers were also stressed out by a lack of support from their manager and punreasonable time pressure.
Whatever the cause of your burnout, Murray's top tip is to be kind to yourself.
In Murray's experience, a key driver of burnout is today's culture of wanting it all. Often it's just not possible to have a healthy social life and complete a big project at the same time. She says it's vital to prioritize and not expect too much of yourself; when others seem like the perfect boss, parent and friend all at the same time, they're probably misleading us.
If you feel that you might be close to joining the burnout club, take a step back, figure out what's going wrong-and let yourself off the hook.
Outline |
Details |
{#blank#}1{#/blank#}in the explanation of burnout |
In the early 1970s, it referred to the side effects of drug {#blank#}2{#/blank#}. Freudenberger used it to describe the state of those {#blank#}3{#/blank#} volunteers under overworking conditions. WHO will recognize it as a syndrome arising from the {#blank#}4{#/blank#} to manage stress. |
Symptoms of burnout |
It shares some {#blank#}5{#/blank#} with depression, such as tiredness and {#blank#}6{#/blank#} of energy, due to people's continual exposure to stress and anxiety. |
Causes of burnout |
People are unwilling to admit that they are {#blank#}7{#/blank#}. Companies can't {#blank#}8{#/blank#}favorable working conditions. |
Approaches to {#blank#}9{#/blank#} burnout |
Be {#blank#}10{#/blank#}to yourself: accept what you are; step away from it. |
Regret is as common an emotion as love or fear, and it can be nearly as powerful. We feel it when we either blame ourselves for things that turned out badly, or hope to get rid of the bad effects of a choice we made in the past. The effect regret has on our lives and how we deal with regret are equally important.
In some cases, regret can be disastrous. In 1995, a British man who regularly played one set of lottery (彩票) numbers forgot to renew his ticket during the week that his numbers came up. He was so filled with regret and self-blame that he killed himself. While this is an extreme result of regret, it can have many other lesser effects on the mind and body that can still seriously affect our lives.
According to recent research, women have more regrets about romantic relationships than men do—not surprising, since women "value social relationships more than men". In collectivist (集体的) culture where many aspects of life are arranged, people feel less regret, since many choices were made for them. There was an even split between regrets about inaction (not doing something) and action (do something you wish you didn't). The research found that some regrets are more likely than others to stay over time: people tend to hold on longer to the regret of inaction or the chances they have missed; meanwhile, regrets of action tend to be more recent.
Held inside for too long, regret can affect people's physical health. If one fails to learn and grow from past mistakes, deep feeling of regret can stay locked inside, having a negative effect on his life. This can be harmful to relationships, careers, and many other aspects of life. Besides, too many regrets can lead to sadness, which may require doctors' help. Therefore, it is important that we understand what regret is and how we can learn to deal with it.
To cope with regret, be aware that it is there for a reason. Our brain is telling us to take another look at our choices because they may be having negative results. Take "I can't believe I crashed my car. I'm so stupid." and turn it into "I'm so lucky I didn't die in the accident. How wonderful!" However, when the situation can't be changed, and there is nothing left for us to do, we have to let go of the situation and forgive ourselves.
We have to see the mistakes we make as necessary lessons in life. If we can learn from them and make changes, we can turn our regrets into passive actions. We can use them to improve, guide, and shape our lives for the better.
The Taste of Regret |
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Concept of regret |
Regret is a{#blank#}1{#/blank#} emotion just as common as love and fear. |
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It occurs when bad results turn up or a {#blank#}2{#/blank#} is wrongly made. |
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Factors that affect feelings of regret |
Compared with men | |
In the individualistic(个体的) culture a person feels {#blank#}4{#/blank#} regret than in the collectivist(集体的) culture. | ||
Regrets about inaction {#blank#}5{#/blank#} longer than those about action. | ||
Effects of regret on lives | Regret even {#blank#}6{#/blank#} a lottery buyer his life. | |
Regret can stop a person from enjoying many aspects of his life. | ||
Besides the physical harm, regret can affect a person {#blank#}7{#/blank#}. | ||
{#blank#}8{#/blank#} to handling regret | Accept the fact that regret does {#blank#}9{#/blank#} in our life. | |
Learn to turn disappointment into gratitude. | ||
Forgive ourselves for the things that are out of our {#blank#}10{#/blank#}. | ||
Try to learn from the mistakes and shape our life for the better. |
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