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题型:阅读选择 题类:真题 难易度:普通

广东省广州市2020年中考英语试卷

阅读理解

    What will astronauts (宇航员) eat when a space trip takes years?

    "Lots of fresh vegetables," says Dr. Janet Williams, whose team have spent the last 10 years learning how to grow plants in a space station. And it's a good thing that she has already started her work, because space gardening can be really hard.

    As usual, astronaut George White looked into the closed plant room. He had planted Dr. Williams's quick-growing seedlings in it, but none of the stems were showing. He opened the room to check and found the problem. The stems weren't growing upward and the roots weren't growing downward. On Earth, gravity (重力) helps a plant's stems and roots to find "up" and "down". However, in the space station, there was almost no gravity.

    Dr. Williams suggested a solution: give the plants more light, as plants also use sunlight to find their way. And it worked. When the plants had more light, the stems turned up and the roots went down.

    Now Dr. Williams was free to worry about the next problem: Would her baby plants live to flower? Can we grow food on a space journey?

    Many plants died in the space station. Dr. Williams thought she knew why: the space plants were hungry for air. Plants live by taking up CO2 from the air. Since a plant uses it up in the air around, the plant needs moving air to bring more CO2 close to its surface! On Earth, the air is always moving. Gravity pulls down cold air, and warm air rises. And with these air movements, plants get enough CO2.

    Many earlier experiments with plants in space had used closed rooms. Dr. Williams tried a new greenhouse that had a fan to keep the air move. The plants lovedit. They flowered and even produced more seeds. Using Dr. Williams's method, astronaut George completed the first seed-to-seed experiment in space, and moved one plant closer to a garden in space.

    "And this," says Dr. Williams, "is good news for long-term space travel."

(1)、Why have Dr. Williams's team tried to grow plants in space?
A、To produce fresh air for astronauts. B、To help astronauts relax themselves. C、To provide food for long space journeys. D、To make the space garden more beautiful.
(2)、How did light help solve the problem mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A、It caused the gravity to change. B、It encouraged the plants to grow faster. C、It helped the plants to grow in the right direction. D、It showed the astronauts where to plant vegetables.
(3)、Why did many plants die in the space station?
A、The light was too strong. B、There was too much CO2. C、There was not enough room to grow. D、The air condition was not good enough.
(4)、The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 7 refers to________.
A、the moving air B、the closed room C、the space journey D、the space garden
(5)、What can we learn about Dr. Williams's team from the passage?
A、They mainly live on fresh vegetables. B、They have successfully built a space garden. C、They invented a special fan for their greenhouse. D、They have worked on space gardening for many years.
举一反三
阅读理解

    A new rubbish sorting system (垃圾分类系统) has been put into use in Fangchengyuan Community in Beijing. Local people not only sort their rubbish, but also put QR codes (二维码) on it.

    "When the rubbish is collected and the codes are seen, I will get reward points to exchange for small gifts and even some money," one of the local people told reporters. "It's really creative and encouraging."

    This smart system has been carried out in 350 communities in Beijing. The capital of China has joined a list of cities in the country that take action to support rubbish sorting. For example, Shenzhen and Shanghai have made laws to punish people and organizations for not sorting rubbish correctly.

    China produces quite a lot of rubbish every year. Much of the rubbish is buried (填埋) in soil or burned without being sorted. Landfills (填埋场) take up a lot of land and have a risk of polluting the soil and water nearby. And burning rubbish can produce harmful gases. Through rubbish sorting, we can reduce the use of landfills and air pollution.

    What's more, rubbish sorting saves resources, which could bring economic benefits (经济利益). For example, a ton of waste paper can be reused to make about 850 kg of paper, saving 17 trees and 50 percent of water. Because of the benefits, some countries have developed successful sorting systems.

    Japan has a strict and detailed system. When people throw away a water bottle, the cap, the wrapper (包装纸) and the bottle itself have to go into three different bins. Every year, families receive special rubbish sorting timetables and directions from their local governments. They are advised to follow the timetables and directions when they throw away rubbish.

    In Australia, every family is provided with three rubbish bins—the red lid (盖子) bin for "general waste" like food and plastic bags, the yellow lid bin for "recycling" like steel and glass, and the green lid bin for "green waste" such as grass and leaves. On the streets, the bins are printed with pictures of the things that are allowed inside. It makes recycling quite easy.

 阅读理解

We all know that regular(有规律的) physical exercise is good for a girl's body, mind and spirit. The Women's Sports Foundation found that except having fun and staying healthy, there are many more benefits(益处) to girls from exercise. 

Girls who play sports do better in school. You might think that sports will take up all your study time. But research shows that girls who exercise do better in school than those who don't. Exercise improves learning, memory and concentration(专注) which can give active girls an advantage in the classroom. 

Girls who play sports learn teamwork. Being a team player to work with coaches, trainers and teammates to win games is great practice for success later in life. It can make working with others and solving problems easier, whether on the field or in the workplace. 

Sports have hidden health benefits. Some benefits of sports are clear — like improving physical fitness and keeping a healthy weight. And girls who play sports are also less likely to smoke and have a reduced chance of getting breast cancer(乳腺癌) later in life. Sure, you can get these benefits from any type of exercise. 

Playing sports build up self-confidence. Girls who play sports feel better, both physically and mentally. It helps you build up confidence as you see your skills improve. 

Exercise can reduce pressure. Pressure is a big part of life. Playing sports can help you deal with it since exercise is a natural mood-lifter and a great way to reduce stress and light depression(抑郁). 

 阅读下列短文,从下面每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

Do you ever feel like there's not enough time in the day? That time is somehow racing away from you, and it is impossible to fit everything in. But then. you step outside into the countryside and suddenly everything seems slower, more relaxed, like time has somehow changed. It's not just you-recent research showed nature can control our sense of time.

Richardo Correia, the researcher at the University of Finland, found that being in nature may change how we experience time and perhaps, even give us the sense of time abundance(充裕). Correia compared people's experiences of time when they performed different types of tasks in cities and natural environments. It showed that people reported a sense of expanded time when they were in nature compared to when they were in cities. For example, a walk through the countryside felt longer than a city walk of the same distance.

It's not just our sense of time in the moment which appears to be changed by the natural world, and it's alsoour sense of the past and future. Earlier research shows that spending time in nature helps to move our focus from44the immediate(目前的) moment towards our future needs. So rather than focusing on the stress of the demands(需求)on our time, nature helps us to see the bigger picture. This can help us focus on what's important so that we meet our long-term goals. This is partly because spending time in nature appears to make us less impulsive(冲动的),enabling us to think more about future benefits instead of wanting immediate ones.

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