When my brother and I were children, we spent a few weeks each summer in the countryside with our uncle. He was a geologist and loved to go on long walks to find stones to add to his collection at the university. More often than not, we followed him.

      One day, we left early, and this time, our uncle gave us two backpacks. “ You can help me carry the samples(样本),” he explained.

      Surely, why not? The whole day, we walked around the countryside, and every now and then, our uncle put stones in our bags. We were a bit surprised that sometimes he also took some stones out from our bags, but thought he had just found better samples.

      We reached the house in the late afternoon. The backpacks were so heavy that we were really tired out when we put them on the ground. Yet our uncle's backpack was half-empty.

      “Why did you give us so many stones?” we asked.

      “I didn't. You did,” he said, waiting for a while before continuing. “ You did not know it, but I made you go through a little attitude(态度) test today.”

What do you mean an‘attitude test'?” we wanted to know.

      “It is something someone once did to me. You see, I listened to every word you said. And whenever you complained(抱怨) about anyone or anything, I added a stone to your bags. And whenever you talked about something in an attitude of positive thinking, I took out a stone. And now look at your backpacks.”

      We did. They were full.

      “I hope you remember this little attitude test. You see, your negative thoughts are like stones. You carry them in your mind just like those stones and start paying attention to what you say and how you say things.”

      This little lesson was one of the most important lessons I ever had. And I remember my uncle with great love for teaching us one of the most important lessons in life – the power of attitude.

    Leon was a postman. Every day after Leon woke up, he would feed his 37 cats. Leon didn't really want 37 cats, but one by one they had turned up on his doorstep, and Leon had taken them in.

    Every day, after feeding the cats, Leon would collect the mail from the red postboxes in the village and take it home to sort（分类）. “If only I had 37 helpers instead of 37 cats, my job would be so much easier,” Leon thought. Just then, the cats started meowing for their dinner. That gave Leon an idea. That night, Leon stayed up making 37 cat-sized postal backpacks. Each backpack fitted neatly onto a cat's back. Then, he went around to each postbox, putting signs up that read: Postbox closed. Please use the Postal Cat Service.

    The next day, Leon put a backpack on each cat and dropped off the cats around the village. Leon knew that the cats would be happy lazing around all day. He also knew that they would always come home for dinner. Leon spent the day relaxing, waiting for his helpers to return. Leon was right. The cats did return, but they did not bring home many letters. Somehow, the cats had managed to wriggle（蜿蜒而行） out of their backpacks. Or lose their letters. Or get the letters wet. “Cats are just too unreliable（不可靠的）” Leon thought. Just then, there was a scratching（刮擦声） at Leon's door. A dog was waiting to be invited inside. That gave Leon an idea.

    H. G. Wells lived from 1866 to 1946. He wrote many famous stories. He was best at writing stories about the future. One story is called The Time Machine. Here is the story.

    More than 100 years ago, there was an English scientist and inventor living in London. One day, four friends went to his house for dinner. The inventor was not there. Feeling hungry, they started dinner without him. Then they heard a sound. A few moments later, the inventor came in, looking dirty.

    He told his friends that he built a time machine. He could travel into the future.

    The inventor went thousands of years in the future. He met people called the Eloi. They were smaller than him. They had no machines. Growing fruit and vegetables was all that they did. They had no hobbies. Only one girl, Weena, spoke to him.

    Four days later, he met other people called Morlocks. They lived underground. They caught Eloi people and ate them! The inventor wanted to fight against the Morlocks. The Eloi didn't want to help him, not even the strong men. He tried to fight against the Morlocks. At last, Weena went underground with him. Unfortunately, Weena died.

    After that, he got in his time machine. He came back to his time. Seeing the future made him sad. The people in the future were worse. They were not clever.

    His friends didn't think it was a real story. But they never saw him again. Maybe he went to save the future.

 All over the world, people love to eat pizza. In Japan, some people like seafood on their pizza. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} People in India enjoy tofu on their pizza. In Brazil, you can even have a chocolate pizza!

 The history of pizza can go back to the 1700s. Some Italian cooks(厨师) started selling the flat breads in the streets. The breads were called pizzas. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}

 Later in 1889, Italy's queen visited Naples, a big city in Italy. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} He put tomatoes, cheese and basil on it. It was red, white, and green, like the flag of Italy. The queen enjoyed the pizza very much and pizzas became more popular in Italy.

 In the late 1800s, some people moved from Italy to the US. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Italians cooked and sold pizzas in their new homes. Pizza became popular in the US because people could eat it quickly and it was cheap.

{#blank#}5{#/blank#} What is your favorite pizza?

A. They brought pizza there.

B. A cook made a pizza for her.

C. Today, people still love to eat pizza!

D. In Germany, pizza may have an egg on top.

E. People liked them because they were delicious and were easy to carry.

On the morning of every Monday, two of my children get ready for school. They each carry a large bag with some clothes, a pair of shoes, lots of food and water. But there isn't any book in it. Then instead of walking them to school as I do on the other school days, I drive them to a nearby park. This is where they are going to spend (度过) the day and have lessons. Right, my boys go to a forest school once a week. It is from 8:30 a. m. to 3 :30 p. m. A group of kids explore (探索) the forests, lakes and animals in nature together. 

I love the idea of the forest school, but I worry about a few things at first. Would the teachers be nice? Would my kids have fun?

The fact is that my boys get used to (习惯于) the school life quickly. Most of the time, they plan their own play, climb tall trees, build fires and do many other interesting things. The teachers never tell them that their play is too high, too fast, or too dangerous. They only follow the kids and help when something goes wrong. 

When I pick the boys up at the end of the afternoon, they often look lively, happy and never want to leave. The forest school teaches them to look after themselves and get along well with nature. I think that is important. 

 Among all the pen productions, the writing brush(maobi) is a kind of special writing tool mainly made in China.

 Archaeologists(考古学家) said that writing brushes first appeared about 5,000 years ago. Hengshui, Xuancheng and Huzhou were three centers for making writing brushes in Chinese history. Many people still celebrate the invention of the brush every year.

____ Materials(材料) for the head part include rabbit hair, horse hair and so on. Some Chinese people like to make the writing brush with babies' lanugos(胎毛). People believe that a writing brush made of the hair of newborn babies will bring good luck while taking exams. As for stalks(笔杆), common materials are usually wood, but we can also see some special ones made of ivory, gold and some other expensive materials.

 It's considered that the writing brush is the most important one among the Four Treasures of Chinese Study. In Chinese calligraphy(书法) and Chinese painting, the writing brush is widely used. In ancient China, children had to learn calligraphy and try to write a good hand. Even the emperors were good at calligraphy. Nowadays, some Chinese people still practice calligraphy with a writing brush from a very young age. Calligraphy is beneficial to people in some ways. When writing, people will forget all worries and even themselves, turning all thoughts into the beauty of art. People think it helps improve a person's temper(脾气).

 Writing or painting with writing brushes is not only a way of communication, but also a way of expressing a person's inner world.