题型:阅读选择 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通
浙江省丽水市青田县第二中学2020年初中毕业生学业模拟英语考试试卷
When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn't sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a special smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be a warning. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds(VOCs).
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It's a plant's way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Obviously. Because we can watch the neighbors' react.
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes to attract different insects who are their natural enemies. Once the insects arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.
In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors stay safer because they heard the warning and knew what to do.
Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don't know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches and so, in fact, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to hear the cry by accident and so wrong information was exchanged.
Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate than the world we can see and hear, our senses are weak. There's a whole lot going on.
Ways to increase confidence
Self-confidence is important for everyone's success. If you don't have confidence, it becomes very hard to move forward and make progress in life. With this in mind, here are some tips to increase confidence.
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One thing that's easy to do is to change your appearance. It's amazing how good a new dress, a haircut, or having your teeth whitened or your nails done can make you feel. Even a humble shower and a shave can give your self-image a lift. Looking confident will help you feel more confident.
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Leave behind the ones who put you down. If that's not possible, see them less. A survey of 48 studies by the American Psychological Association in 2019 found positive(积极的) social relationships improved self-confidence but poor-quality relationships had a bad effect. Actively meet them, as having fun with great people will make you feel better about yourself.
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Getting out of your comfort zone will give you a sense of achievement and help yourself-belief. When you try new things and accept new challenges, you will be surprised to find there will be dreams. Would you like to paint better? Look around for an art class. You'll will boost your self-confidence and get to meet like-minded people at the same time.
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Research has shown that getting out into a green space can increase self-confidence. Meanwhile, Canadian research found that joining some groups benefited self-confidence more than having lots of friends. So why not kill two birds with one stone and sign up for a walking group, a local conservation group or a gardening club?
A. Try something new B. Give yourself a new look C. Make plans with positive people D. Join lots of outdoor groups E. Cheer yourself up |
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