All around the world, people are working hard to make their cities safer and more pleasant for pedestrians (行人). Cities havepainted crosswalks on their streets, made streets narrower, put in traffic lights and speed bumps (减速带) and madeplans to help more kids walk or bike to school.

    Many people have learned from a man from Brisbane, Australia,named David Engwicht. His book Reclaiming Our Cities and Towns has a simplemessage{#blank#}1{#/blank#}. Kids playedthere, and neighbors stopped there to talk.

    But now, streets are just for cars and trucks. People stay inside to get away from the noise and dangerous traffic, and we lose contact with our neighbors{#blank#}2{#/blank#}.  People needto take back their streets. Engwicht travels around the world, helping people think differently about pedestrians, streets, and neighborhoods.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}． He has workedin neighborhoods from Honolulu to Scotland.

    While Engwicht was writing his book, he learned how neighbors in the city of Delft, in the Netherlands, stopped dangerous traffic on their street. They put old couches, tables, and planters in the street.{#blank#}4{#/blank#}. When the police arrived, they saw how these illegal actions made the streets safer. Soon city officials started planning ways to make cars slow down, and“calm”thetraffic.

    Engwicht says we should think about streets as our “outdoor living room”.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}．

    In the future, streets will be safe places for children again,and our neighbors will become our friends.

a. Cars and pedestrians crowded the street.

b. Calming the traffic is just the beginning.

c. Cars could still pass, but they had to drive slowly.

d. He says that in the past, streets belonged to everybody.

e. It's hard to take measures to solve the traffic problems.

f. Besides his books and articles, he gives many speeches.

g..  Engwicht says that we should use streets for more than just transportation.

    Whether you're a child, teenager, young adult or are middle-aged, respect for your parents is an important value. Your parents are the people who raised you, devoting time, energy and money to your development.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}No matter your age, there are 5 ways to show respect.

    ● Respect their belongings.

    One important way to show respect is to show regard for the things important to your parents. For younger children, this may mean not touching jewelry or other valuable things. For grown children, respect may mean returning a borrowed tool in good condition and on time. Lack of respect for a parent's belongings is a violation of personal boundaries.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}And never borrow things without asking first. 

    ● Punctuality .

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#}Therefore, always be on time. For teenagers, showing up on time means coming home by curfew（宵禁）.Adult children should show up on time for family dinners or events, or to pick a parent up for a medical appointment. Call if you're going to be late because parents worry about children, no matter their age.

    ● {#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    Remembering birthdays, anniversaries and other special days is a sign that you honor your parents. Make plans to take them to lunch or dinner or bake a cake or cookies. Most parents don't expect expensive gifts, but a handmade gift is always appreciated .A phone call from a grown child who lives too far for a visit is a welcome sign of respect.

    ● Be kind.

    Kind words and affection are simple ways to show respect. Tell your parents you love them. Listen and allow your parents to speak without interruption. Show a sincere interest in what your parents have to say. Be patient with your parents and don't rush them. Never talk back or be rude or disrespectful. Acknowledge your parents' achievements.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}

    When many people think about planting a tree, they do not realize that there are several things that they need to consider. You can't simply just dig a single hole, throw the tree into that space, and expect it to grow without any disease. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    The first thing that you need to take into account is the time of year that you are looking to plant the tree in. Believe it or not, in order to plant a tree that will stay alive and be able to survive, you have to plant it at the time of year that is right for the tree. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} The burning sun during these periods of time will cause a big amount of stress of the tree, which will then lead to its death. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#} You should choose a suitable region and climate for the tree. If you decide to plant a tree that is not a native of a particular climate, you need to consider different factors about the tree such as the growth habits of the tree and how much tolerance the tree has to different weather conditions.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Sometimes in cases where people will be digging deep holes to plant a tree, they need to make sure that they are not digging around the phone lines that may be buried below the surface. Among other things, the hole determines if the tree can survive.

A. Normally you should never plant a tree in late spring or summer.

B. When digging a hole for a tree, you'd better dig as deep as possible.

C. You should then look at the place where you plan to plant the tree in.

D. The best time to consider planting your tree is around autumn or early spring.

E. The tree will not only be planted but will continue to grow well for years to come.

F. The next thing that you need to know is whether there are requirements where you'll dig.

G. There are a few basic things that you need to do in order to make sure the tree grows healthily.

    As we all know, friendship is of great importance in our daily life. A friend can give us help and share our difficulties and happiness. But how to make friends is still difficult for some of us.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    Be friendly to others. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} You should try to make a stranger feel at home wherever he happens to be. Think more of others than of yourself and never judge a person by his appearance and clothes.

    Be reliable. If you and your friends agree to meet somewhere, don't be late. If you're not going to make it on time or make it at all, call them as soon as you realize it. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Be someone that people know they can depend on.

   {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Listen carefully to what people say, remember important details about them (their names, their likes and dislikes), ask questions about their interests, and just take time to learn more about them.

    Encourage and support your friends: A true friend always gives encouragement to his friends. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Never make fun of or laugh at your friends in front of others. Never leave your friends when they are in trouble. You should come to support them.

A. Be a good listener.

B. A friend to all is a friend to none.

C. When you say you'll do something, do it.

D. He will stay with them in good as well as bad times.

E. The following information can give you some tips.

F. Smile at others and you are sure to get a smile in return.

G. A true friend should always share the same interest with you.

If poetry is not your cup of tea, then you will be afraid of the assignments that ask you to analyse poetry. However, even though you "hate" poetry, your final analysis may find you citing(引用) lines from Emily Dickinson or Edgar Allen Poe. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}.

Select the poem carefully. In a poem analysis, you will generally be given a selection of two or three poems. You must pick one to analyse. Be careful. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Sometimes the shorter poems are very difficult poems. Often, longer poems are more like stories.

Research the poet. There will be research already performed on the poet you've selected. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Often the poet's personal life has a direct effect on his or her works.

Research the poem. If you are analysing a poem, it is probably quite well known. Research and read about the poem. Other literary criticism can help you in your analysis. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} You must come up with a new thought and a new analysis for the poem. Simply copying someone else's ideas will not be enough.

{#blank#}5{#/blank#} Your outline should consist of an introduction, a thesis statement(论点), three pieces of analysis, and a conclusion to bring it all together. Put these basic sentences into an outline structure, which will make the writing of the paper much easier.

A. Create an outline.

B. Communicate with other readers first.

C. Here are some tips that help you analyse a poem.

D. However, remember not to copy, or ignore the original poem.

E. Many students select short poetry as their preference for analysis.

F. Read about the poet's life, history and style as you begin your analysis.

G. Become familiar with different poem structures before you finish the analysis.

The science of setting goals.

It's the time of year when we think to ourselves:our New Year's resolutions will totally work out this time. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}. But what if this year really could be different? Kelly McGonigal, a psychologist, shares four tips. 

Choose a goal that matters, not just an easy win. Our brains love rewards, so we often set simple goals that make it easy to check off boxes. But if that's all are about, no wonder we end up abandoning them so quickly. A meaningful goal requires going deeper. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}. For example, if you want to quit eating junk food, ask why you want to quit it. Then, if you want to quit it for your health, ask why you want good health.

{#blank#}3{#/blank#}.When we set goals, it's easy to focus on that magical ending. But we can't control outcomes. We have to inch toward them, one choice at a time. Ask yourself, "What is the smallest thing I can do today that helps me reach my goal?" If you make daily choices that are consistent with your goal over and over again, you will eventually reach it. 

Frame your goals positively. Focusing on what you want to bring into your life –not what you want to avoid – will make you more likely to actually pursue it. "Any sort of avoidance is going to trigger inhibition systems, {#blank#}4{#/blank#}," says McGonigal.

Prepare for failure. Moments of failure are inevitable, but most of us abandon the goal entirely when minor failures and setbacks start piling up. Your task is not to avoid failures, but to plan for them. Ask yourself, "How am I likely to fail?" For example, if you‘re likely to choose unhealthy meals when you're hungry, carry a light snack that can tide you over. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}.

A. Focus on the process, not the outcome

B. Psychologists call this an emergency plan

C. It really drives home why that goal matters

D. Never mind that we abandoned them very quickly

E. How you describe your goal makes a big difference

F. Think about what you want, and then ask yourself why

G. But positive goals are going to trigger approach and reward motivation