根据短文内容判断正误，正确的写正确，错误的写错误。 (C) The best-known (最熟知的) vegetable in the world is the potato....

题型：阅读判断题类：常考题难易度：普通

云南省丽江市永胜县北镇中学2015-2016学年八年级上学期期末考试

根据短文内容判断正误，正确的写正确，错误的写错误。

The best-known (最熟知的) vegetable in the world is the potato. It grows in many places and does not need rich soil(土壤) like many other crops. But until four hundred years ago, the Europeans(欧洲人) began to know the potato. But today it's one of the main foods in Europe(欧洲). About half of the world's potatoes are grown in Europe.

In France the potato was not grown for a long time .Here is story about Louis. In 1778 he saw some potato flowers for the first time .He liked them so much that he picked one and put it in his buttonhole. He was interested in the flowers not the potatoes themselves.

（1）、Potatoes are the best-known vegetable in the world according to the passage.

（2）、The potatoes do not need rich soil.

（3）、Louis was the first man to eat the potato.

（4）、At first the Europeans grew potatoes to eat.

（5）、Louis liked the potato flowers better than the potatoes.

举一反三

Dreams are expressions of thoughts, feelings and events that pass through our mind while we are sleeping. Everybody dreams. But only some people remember their dreams. Our dreams often include all the senses—smells, sounds, sights, tastes and things we touch. We dream in colour. Sometimes we dream the same dream over and over again. These repeated dreams are often unpleasant. They may even be nightmares—bad dreams that frighten us.
Early in the twentieth century, two famous scientists developed their personal ideas about dreams. Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud published a book called “The Interpretation(诠释) of Dreams” in 1900. Freud believed people often dream about things they want but can't have. These dreams often have something to do with sex and aggression(侵犯). Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung worked closely with Freud for several years, but he believed dreams could help people grow and understand themselves. He believed dreams provide solutions(解答) to problems we face when we are awake. He didn't believe dreams hide our feelings about sex or aggression. Today we know more about the science of dreaming because researchers can take pictures of people's brains while they are sleeping.
Other researchers are studying how dreaming helps our bodies work with problems and very sad emotions(感情). Robert Stickgold is a professor of psychiatry at Harvard University in Massachusetts. Doctor Stickgold says that when we dream, the brain is trying to make sense of the world. He does not agree with Sigmund Freud that dreaming is the way we express our hidden feelings and desires(愿望).
Scientists believe it is important to keep researching dreams. Doctor Stickgold says it has been more than one hundred years since Sigmund Freud published his important book about dreaming. Yet there is still no agreement on exactly how the brain works when we are dreaming or why we dream.

Germs(细菌) are everywhere. You can't see them, but they are on your desk, on your computer, and even in the air!
Like people, germs move around the world. They fly with us on planes. When food, clothes, and other things travel around the world, germs travel, too. Some germs are safe, but some are dangerous. Germs cause illnesses like colds and the flu.
Warmer Weather Brings Germs
The world's weather is changing. Cooler countries are getting warmer, so insects from hot countries can move there. Some of these insects, like mosquitoes(蚊子), carry dangerous germs. These germs cause headaches(头疼), fever, and can even kill people.
Under Your Skin
Your skin protects you from germs. It stops some germs, but not all. They can enter your body when you eat, or when you have a cut. Germs are on your hands, too, they enter(进入) your body when you touch your eyes, nose, or mouse.
Fighting Germs
Your immune system(免疫系统) protects you, too. When germs get inside your body, your immune system finds and kills them. Special cells(细胞) move around your body and fight germs. They help you stay healthy. Other cells make antibodies. Antibodies help your body find and stop germs.
What can you do to fight germs? You should wash your hands with soap(肥皂) and water. Soap kills many germs, and water washes them away.

      If you are lost in the mountains, stay calm in the face of darkness, loneliness, and the unknown. It will greatly increase your chances of survival. Many people think that preparing necessary equipment and knowing how to use it are very important, but actually eighty percent of mountain survivals is your reaction(反应) to fear.
Find a hiding place.
      Unnecessary efforts will make you sweat and make you cold. Find a hiding place around you before trying to start your own construction. If you are in a snow-covered area, you may be able to dig a cave in deep snow for protection from the wind. You should try to hide yourself in the middle of the mountain if possible. Stay out of valleys—cold air falls, and the valley floor can be the coldest area on the mountain.
Signal rescuers for help.
     The best time to signal rescuers(救援者) is during the day. Signal for help from the highest point possible—it will be easier for rescuers to see you, and any sound you make will farther. If you take a box of matches and a space blanket (a special blanket for traveling), build three smoky fires and put your blanket—gold side facing out—on the ground.
Do not walk away.
    It will make finding you more difficult, as search teams will be trying to follow your path and may miss you if you have gone off in a different direction. Searchers often end up finding a car with no one.
     If you get frostbite（冻伤）, do not rewarm the affected area until you're out of danger. You can walk on frostbitten feet, but once you warm the area and can feel the pain, you will not want to walk anywhere. Try to protect the frostbitten area and keep it dry until you are rescued.

根据短文内容理解，选择正确答案。

Most of the flowers in nature are red, orange and yellow. If we have seen a black flower, it's chance in a million.

People have made a survey to colors of more than four thousand kinds of flowers and discovered that only eight of them are black.

As we know, sunlight is formed by seven colored lights. The wavelength of each light is also different, so the quantity(量) of heat in each light is also different. Flowers, especially their petals(花瓣), are easy to be harmed by high temperature.

Black flowers can take in the light of all the wavelengths that make them dry up because of high temperature, so black flowers can hardly resist(抵抗) sunlight. But red, orange and yellow flowers can protect themselves from sunlight by reflecting(反射) the red light, orange light and yellow light, each of which has a large quantity of heat.

阅读理解

We all cry for water when we are thirsty. But do you know, in very hot, dry weather, plants also make very low sounds as if they are crying for help?

You see, in a plant's stem there are several hundred "water pipes" that bring water from soil all the way up to the leaves. When the ground turns dry, it becomes harder and harder for plants to do this.

On very hot days, plants have to get any water that they can get.

Scientist Robot Winter has found out that when plants can get no water, their "water pipes" snap(发出声音). When that happens, the whole plant vibrates(振动) a little.

Robot knows that healthy, well-watered plants are quiet. He also knows that dry plants are many insects' "favourite" and they often attack(袭击) them. How do the insects know which are healthy plants and which are not? Robot thinks that the insects may hear the plants "crying" and they may come to kill them.

阅读理解

Which is the tallest mountain on the earth? The answer must come fast—MT Everest, at a height of 29,000 feet.

But that is only on land. For, if you were to measure (测量) from the bottom (底部) of the ocean. The tallest mountain in the world will probably be Mauna Kea in Hawaii. It is more than 15,748 feet under the sea and another 13.779 feet above it.

As US scientist Cindy Lee Dover points out that the seafloor is the largest and least known place on the earth. We know more about Mars (火星) and Venus (金星) and the back side of the moon than we know about the seafloor.

Some people have travelled to the deep water of the ocean to try to find all kinds of unknown animals and plants living in the deep water. Even scientists know very little about them. Many of them perhaps do not even have names. Some of the names given by scientists to newly discovered (被发现) animals are really funny. Among them are the spaghetti worms (意大利面蠕虫), named as such it is found in a tangle (缠结), it is often difficult to make out where one ends and another begins! Just like spaghetti.

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