No one knows exactly when jazz was invented, or by whom. But it is said that it began in the early  1900s.

 Jazz was a new kind of music, for America and the world, and New Orleans was its birthplace.

 Who were the jazz pioneers? Most were blacks. This music was not written down, and at first only blacks played it. It was hard for white musicians to learn the new style. But soon they, too, were playing jazz.

 The popularity of this music spread. From New Orleans, it traveled up the Mississippi to Chicago, then to Kansas City and New York. By the 1920s, there were many jazz musicians, both black and white. Many of them were famous. One man was better than the rest. His name was Louis Armstrong.

 Louis Armstrong was a born musician. He was not only talented but also hard-working. He also had a good sense of humor and a big, good-natured smile. These personal qualities were valuable in his rise to fame. After he became famous, he traveled around the world. It seemed that everyone wanted to hear Louis play. But life was not always easy, especially at the beginning.

 Louis Armstrong was born in 1900 in New Orleans. His father never went to school and his mother could hardly read. When Louis was still a kid, his parents separated, and Louis lived with his mother. How hard their life was can readily be imagined. And yet Louis smiled through everything. He later wrote, “My whole life has been happiness. Life was there for me and I accepted it. Whatever happened has been beautiful to me. I love everybody.”

    It seems that many stars are putting their fashion (时尚) skills to good use and some of them have succeeded in designing.

    Avril Lavigne

    “With a lot of designs, I try to tie in with some of my lyrics and more musical elements,” Lavigne said. Her product, named after a childhood nickname (绰号) from her father, was created three years ago, but Lavigne came up with the first idea for a clothing product when she was only 19 years old.

Victoria Beckham

    Victoria created her own style of jeans for the clothing brand (品牌) Rock & Republic in 2004. Later, she created her own brand with the name DVB style and now she is more popular as a designer than as a singer.

    Madonna

    Pop queen Madonna created her fashion products in collaboration (合作) with the Swedish clothing company Hennes & Mauritz AB ( H&M) in 2007. She then collaborated with her daughter Lourders in creating 2010 juniors' product for Macy's called “Material Girl”.

    Jessica Simpson

    Jessica Simpson created her own collection of jeans. She worked with the Camuto Group and Jones Apparel Group Inc.

    Justin Timberlake

    No one could imagine that Justin would become a fashion designer until he paired with his friend Trace Ayala to create the William Rast label. Their clothing is presented every season and attracts attention of Timberlake's fans and models.

D

    As we know, there are differences between Western culture and Chinese culture. We can see differences when we pay attention to the way words are used. Let's look at some words about animals and plants. Most expressions in Chinese about the dog, for example, “a homeless dog”, “a mad dog”, “a running dog” and “a dog catching a mouse”, have negative meanings. But in Western countries, dogs are considered to be honest and good friends of humans. In English, people use the dog to describe positive actions. For example, “you are a lucky dog” means you are a lucky person. And “every dog has its day” means each person has good luck sometimes. To describe a person's serious illness, they say “sick as a dog”. The word “dog-tired” means very tired. However, Chinese love cats very much. But in Western culture, “cat” is often used to describe a woman who is cruel(冷酷的). There are many other examples of how “cat” is used differently as well.

    The rose is regarded as a symbol of love in both China and some Western countries. People think the rose stands for love, peace, courage and friendship. And the rose is the national flower of England, America and many other countries.

    The words about plants and animals are used in positive or negative ways in different cultures. We can learn about many differences in cultures by comparing how some words are used.

根据短文内容判断所给句子正误。