题型：任务型阅读 题类：常考题 难易度：困难
江苏省徐州市2020届高三上学期英语期中考试试卷
The Bigger Sleep
School starting times in America vary from an average of 7:48 am in go-getting Mississippi to 8:31am in late-rising Connecticut. According to a survey by the National Centre for Education Statistics in 2017-18, only in two states - Alaska and Connecticut—do schools start after 8:30 am, the earliest recommended time by a number of medical organisations.
On October 13th Gavin Newsom, California's governor, signed legislation setting a limit on starting times of half past eight for high-schoolers , in the hope that they will benefit from the extra time in bed.
There is plenty of reason to think they will. Adolescents require more sleep in the morning which will keep them energetic the whole day. A research review by scientists at the Centres for Disease Control finds that later school starting times correspond with improved attendance, less falling asleep in class, and better grades. The Rand Corporation estimates that moving to a half-past-eight start across the country would boost the economy by more than $80bn within a decade.
In response to the evidence, school districts across the country have begun to move starting times back, but California is the first state to take the leap. Parents and unions are often bitterly opposed. The California Teachers Association resisted the change, citing the financial burden on schools as they adjust to the new hours, as well as the burden on parents who work as laborers or in the service industry, and cannot start work later. Last year Mr Newsom's predecessor, Jerry Brown, vetoed similar legislation, saying the decision should be left to school districts.
Supporters argue that it is appropriate for the state to set a minimum health-and-welfare standard, as it does in other areas. It will be up to school districts to decide whether to end the day later, or cut its length. Anthony Portantino, the democratic state senator who introduced the legislation, believes evidence of the change's benefits will soon win over opponents in rural areas. "There really is no significant reason not to do this," he says, "other than an overwhelming resistance to change from adults."
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The Bigger Sleep |
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Background to the legislation |
• American schools have starting times. • Only schools in Alaska and Connecticut the recommended starting times. |
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Content of the legislation |
High-schoolers should start school no than 8:30 am, which allows them extra time in bed. |
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Benefits of the legislation |
• Adolescents feel with more sleep in the morning. • Later school starting times are linked to decreased , less falling asleep in class and better grades. • It is that later school starting times can boost the economy. |
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Opinions of the |
• Schools may bear the burden of when they adjust to the new hours. • Parents working as laborers or in the service industry may to get to work on time. |
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Opinions of the supporters |
• Setting a minimum health-and-welfare standard seems to be an appropriate practice. • Although an overwhelming resistance does in adults, it is reasonable to make the change. |
Since the beginning of human evolution, men have migrated（迁移）across continents in search of food, shelter, safety, and comfortable weather. People still move for these reasons, but new reasons for human migration are arising, such as job relocation(重新安置) and overpopulation.
Three million migrants are moving from poor countries to wealthier ones each year, and increasingly, their destination is a neighboring country in developing parts of the world. People are moving within the developing world for the same reasons as they migrate to wealthier nations. People from poor countries are going to less poor countries, fleeing wars and conflicts. They are also responding to population pressures because some countries are densely populated, and they often have high population growth. Those people need to go somewhere else.
There are three main reasons why people move. The basic categories and percentages are as follows, according to the Current Population Surveys (CPS):
Family-related reasons account for 26.3%, including changes in marital（婚姻的） status, establishing a household and other family reasons; work-related reasons 16.2%, including job transfer, retirement, and other job-related reasons; housing-related reasons 51.6%, including new and better houses, better neighborhood, cheaper housing and other housing reasons; the remaining 5.9% of other reasons are attending college, the change of climate and health reasons.
Americans have been migrating south and west for decades in search of better job opportunities and warmer climates. They have also been moving to places a little far from cities, in search of bigger yards and houses, lower crime rates and better schools. In 1950, nearly a fifth of the population lived in the nation's 20 largest cities. In 2006, it was about one in ten. That's why many American people say, “Big Cities Shrink as People Move South, West.”
Between March 2005 and March 2007, 73.4 million Americans moved. Fifty-six percent of these moves were within the same country. Twenty percent were between counties but in the same state. Nineteen percent were moves to a different state. Some families even went abroad.
Title: People on the {#blank#}1{#/blank#}
Lead-in | Throughout human{#blank#}2{#/blank#}, people have migrated across continents. |
An {#blank#}3{#/blank#} number of people from poor countries are moving to {#blank#}4{#/blank#} countries, especially neighboring ones. | |
{#blank#}5{#/blank#}for people's migration | According to the CPS, the {#blank#}6{#/blank#} of people move to other places for reasons {#blank#}7{#/blank#}to housing. |
To{#blank#}8{#/blank#} for a better job chance, a warmer {#blank#}9{#/blank#} and a bigger yard, Americans have long been moving south and west. | |
Conclusion | Now every year more and more people move to other places, which seems to have become a global {#blank#}10{#/blank#}. |
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