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题型:阅读选择 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

北京市四中2020届九年级上学期英语期中考试试卷

阅读下面短文,根据短文内容,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选择最佳选项。

    Scientist Stephen Hawking had to work really hard to speak. He chose letters and words from a screen controlled by movements of a muscle in his cheek. However, the slow system he used might soon be replaced. With a very different approach, doctors have found a way to get a person's speech directly from their brain.

    The system uses brain-reading software. It works only for sentences it has been trained on. Doctors at the University of California in San Francisco (UCSF) set out to create a better product,  which allows people who are paralyzed (瘫痪的) to communicate more quickly than Hawking's device, which uses muscle twitches(抽搐)to control a keyboard.

    The Study of Brain Activity

    The work was possible thanks to three patients. They had epilepsy(癫痫症). This is a condition that has something to do with the nerves. It causes seizures(痉挛). This is when their body suddenly moves on its own. They were about to have surgery(外科手术)for their condition.

    Before their surgery, they had a small device placed on their brain for at least a week. It was used to map their seizures. The patients could speak normally, and they agreed to take part in Doctor Chang's study. The doctor used the devices to record brain activity while each patient was asked nine questions. The patients were also asked to read a list of 24 possible responses.

    Using the recordings, Chang and his team built computer models. The models learned to match patterns of brain activity to the questions the patients heard and the answers they spoke. Once trained, the software could identify questions and responses almost instantly. It used only brain signals. It was correct on what question a patient heard 7 out of 10 times. The software identified what response they gave 6 out of 10 times.

    Improving Software to Read More Varied Speech

    Even with the breakthrough, there are hurdles ahead. One challenge is to improve the software so it can translate brain signals into a variety of speech. This will require software trained on a huge amount of spoken language and matching brain signals. These signals will be different from one person to another.

    Another goal is to read "imagined speech", or sentences spoken in the mind. The system in the study detects brain signals that are sent to move the mouth. However, for some patients these signals may not be enough. More advanced ways of reading sentences in the brain will be needed.

(1)、From the passage, we can learn that ______.
A、the three patients with epilepsy have difficulty in speaking B、Stephen Hawking's system is controlled by his brain signals C、the patients chose from nine responses to answer 24 questions D、the brain-reading software can only recognize a few sentences now
(2)、What does the word hurdles in paragraph 6 mean?
A、Risks. B、Difficulties. C、Possibilities. D、Disadvantages.
(3)、The purpose of the last two paragraphs is to _______.
A、tell us the disadvantages of the software B、present the possible future of the software C、explain the process of designing the software D、show the author's opinion toward the software
(4)、What's the main idea of the passage?
A、Different devices to help paralyzed people to communicate. B、Different ways to develop software that can help paralyzed people. C、Doctors have started to explore software to read people's brain signals. D、The study showed the system could translate brain signals into a variety of speech.
举一反三
阅读下面短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Education is not just about going to school. It's also about what you learn from your experiences outside of school. So family and community play a great role.

In January 2023, 13 agencies(部门), including the Ministry of Education, released a guideline (指导方针) to improve the school-family-community cooperative education mechanism (学校家庭社会协同育人机制). It shows the roles and responsibilities of school, family and community and how they work together to educate children.

"The goal of the mechanism is to give full play to the advantages of each group and enhance the all-round development of students," Zhang Zhiyong, a professor at Beijing Normal University, told China Education Daily.

According to the guideline, schools play a leading role in cooperative education. They should keep close contact (联系) with parents. It's necessary to pay a home visit and offer family education guidance(指导) regularly. Parents should play a role in family education. Besides traditional education, they are encouraged to lead their kids to take part in activities like volunteering and doing sports. The community should provide support and service for students. All kinds of education bases(基地) and museums, for example, should be free or preferential(优惠的) to students.

Gao Wei, a mother of a middle school student from Beijing, is excited about the guideline. "Strengthening (加强) the connection between the school and parents is not a new thing. But the guideline tells us how to make it happen," she said. "Another good point is that it asks the community to open more social resources (资源) to students. Nowadays, many students only focus on studying. With such support, they can learn more from the real life."

 阅读理解

Imagine you're at a restaurant. You order a salad with beautiful green lettuce (生菜), nice red tomatoes, yellow peppers and cucumber. When it comes, you can't wait to take that first mouthful. But stop for a minute and think about how long it actually took to get to your plate. Not from the kitchen, but from the farm.

Let's take a look at a salad served in the United States. "Fresh" food, such as the lettuce, might be grown locally. But what about the other food on your plate? Nowadays, the country of origin (来源) of most of our fresh produce (农产品) - that's the place where produce was grown - is thousands of kilometers away. Produce was picked, washed, packed and brought to a center halfway around the world before it traveled to a store near you. So food which looks fresh has actually traveled in a refrigerated truck for a week.

But that isn't the only problem. Food needs transportation, and all forms of transportation cause air pollution. The farther food travels, the more gas is used, so more pollution is set free. Shipping fresh produce can add up to forty-five times more pollution to the air.

There is a solution, however. We can stop eating food from other countries, and we can buy fresh produce grown locally. The lettuce picked yesterday will taste a lot better. It'll also be healthier than the lettuce picked a week ago. Eating locally-grown produce also means that you eat more kinds. We forget that different fruits and vegetables grow in different seasons. Unluckily, this means we have to eat seasonal fruits and vegetables. That means we can't eat fresh summer fruits and vegetables in the winter. But we really shouldn't anyway!

 阅读下面语言材料,从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

 "Turn left! Turn right!" In the information technology(IT) class, Zhang Ruixuan was controlling a robot to move around.

"This is part of our artificial intelligence of (Al) courses," said the 10th grader from Beijing 101 Middle School. The school provide AI classes to both junior and senior high school students. Apart from compulsory(必修的),courses that teach basic knowledge, there are also optional(选修的) courses if students want to learn more.

"This semester of compulsory class, we have learned coding(编程) through a programming language called Python," said Zhang. Using Python to code is an elementary skill for training AI models. In recent years, Python has been tested in high school graduation exams in places like Beijing, Jiangsu and Anhui.

In fact, having Al education in schools has become a growing trend(趋势) in many places, with Zhejiang Province being a typical example. In 2020, Zhejiang added AI education into textbooks from Grade 5 in primary school all the way to senior high school. In the city of Wenzhou, the government is planning to build 1,000 AI experimental schools by 2025.

"With the development of technology, our textbooks have been changing all the time,"said Shang Yin, an IT teacher from Beijing 101 Middle School."From typing to using Word and Excel, and then today's coding and AI, the courses are keeping up with the times and teaching students necessary skills. In the future, there will be more jobs where AI knowledge is required.Even in daily life, people may need to understand things like ChatGPT and the Internet of Things. AI education will become increasingly important," Shang added.

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