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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

上海市杨浦区2020届高三上学期英语期中考试试卷

Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

    Gardeners may be able to cut down on the amount of weeds(杂草)killer they use by dealing with invaders at specific times of the day, such as dawn, a new study suggests.

    Researchers at the University of Bristol have discovered that the 24-hour rhythms of plants leave them more defenseless to herbicides(除草剂) at different points in their daily 24 hour cycle.

    They believe the findings could help farmers by reducing crop loss and improving harvests. And gardeners could benefit from knowing which weeds respond better at certain times of the day. In recent years, pesticides and herbicides have been implicated in the decline of important pollinating insects, such as bees.

    Dr Antony Dodd, senior author of the new study, said: "The research suggests that, in future, we might be able to improve the use of some chemicals that are used in agriculture by taking advantage of the biological clock in plants."

    Just like humans, plants have evolved to take advantage of cycles of night and day, with certain biological processes turning on at different times of the day.

    Scientists have discovered that many drugs work much better in humans if they are given at specific hours. Aspirin, for example, has doubled the impact on thinning the blood if taken at night as opposed to in the morning. The process is known as 'chronotherapy' and researchers wanted to find out if the same concept could be applied to plants.

    Many gardeners already know that plants drink in more water in the morning because their pores(气孔) are open to take advantage of early morning dew and water vapour. At the break of the day, plants are also not busy producing food throughphotosynthesis(光合作用). The open pores could also be the reasons that chemicals are more effective at dawn and also at dusk.

    The air is also likely to be stiller at dawn and dusk, meaning that pesticides or herbicides are less likely to be blown away to places where they are not wanted. Pesticide labels often warn against spraying on windy days in case they endanger people or animals. Many insects are active early in the morning and around dusk, also making very early morning and early evening effective times for insecticide.

    Commenting on the study, Dr. Trevor Dines, Botanical Specialist at the conservation charity Plantlife, said: "This is fascinating research which will be of great interest to many gardeners like me. If anything used to think the opposite was true - that applying herbicides and pesticides late in the day would be better as they'd remain in Vet contact' with the plant for longer in the cool of the night and therefore be taken up or absorbed more effectively. This research knocks that assumption on its head"

(1)、Which of the following can replace the underlined phrase "implicated in" in the third paragraph?
A、restored to B、blamed for C、limited to D、composed of
(2)、According to the research, what are the reasons for using herbicides in the morning?
A、The process of photosynthesis is most active in the morning. B、Insects are more defenseless in the morning than any other time of the day. C、Bigger pores on the plants make herbicides work more effectively. D、The stronger morning wind blows pesticides away to more places.
(3)、What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A、Gardeners were interested in combining science with gardening. B、A long time had passed before herbicide was applied in farming. C、The old assumption about the use of chemicals proved right. D、Many gardeners used to spray herbicides at the wrong time.
(4)、What is the main idea of this article?
A、New chemicals have been found to help kill harmful insects. B、Biological clock of plants could help gardeners use less weed killer. C、Plants' cycles can be taken advantage of to improve the environment. D、The research on the effects of pesticides has enabled good harvests.
举一反三
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项

    Here is some must-know information from a handbook on how people behave in doing business in some countries.

In Brazil

    Brazilians are warm and friendly. They often stand close when talking and it is common for them to touch the person on the shoulder. People often greet each other (particularly women) with light cheek kisses. Schedules tend to be flexible, with business meetings sometimes starting later than planned. But to be safe, be on time. Meals can stretch for hours—there's no such thing as rushing a meal in Brazil. Lunches also can start in the mid to late afternoon. Brazilians are social, preferring face-to-face communication over mails or phone calls.

    In Singapore

    Singaporeans shake hands when they meet and often also greet each other with a small, polite bow. Business cards should be offered and received with two hands. Arriving late is considered disrespectful. So be on time. Efficiency (效率) is the goal, so meetings and dealings often are fast-paced. Singaporeans are direct in their discussions, even when the subject is about money. Rank is important and authority is respected. This determines both people interact in meetings. For example, people avoid disagreeing outright with someone with a higher rank.

    In the United Arab Emirates

    In the UAE, status is important, so the most senior or oldest should be greeted first with their titles. The handshake seems to be longer than elsewhere. So, do not pull away the handshake. Women should cover themselves when it comes to dress. Men also tend to be covered from neck to elbows (肘部) and down to the knees. People do not avoid entertaining in their homes, but they also hold business meals at restaurants. Touching or passing food or eating with your left hand is to be avoided. When meetings are one-to-one, if your host offers you coffee, you should refuse. It might seem odd, but it is a cultural tradition. Coffee should only be accepted if it is always set out or presented.

    In Switzerland

    The Swiss tend to be formal and address each other by last name. They also are respectful of private lives. You should be careful not to ask about personal topics. Punctuality(守时) is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for others' time. Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe. They also have clear structure in their companies. Higher-ups make the final decisions, even if others might disagree. Neat, clean dress is expected. The Swiss follow formal table manners. They also keep their hands visible at the table and their elbows off the table. It is polite to finish the food on your plate.

阅读理解

    Are you addicted to computer games? Do you stay up all night playing them? Do you feel happy after you play computer games? There's no doubt that the excitement and appealing of games these days makes them hard to put down. More and more people are attracted by the choice when it comes to gaming: You can role play--creating your own fantasy characters and stories, giving you a chance to step out of everyday life into an imaginary world. And there are shooting games where you can let out your anger and depression in violent situations where you kill people with guns. You can get excited from the games.

    However, can these kinds of games really be fun and can being absorbed in virtual reality be good for us? Should we worry about their effects on our health? Popular games like Grand Theft Auto have been blamed for everything from falling results at school to causing acts of extreme violence. Internet safety advisor, Alan MacKenzie, thinks “many people understandably will just think that a game is just a game and not realizing the exact content that's in there”. He gives an example of the violence, which he says is “wholly inappropriate for anybody, not to mention children.”

    Others will argue that gaming is a harmless form of entertainment. There is evidence that playing video games could actually be good for us. Some games are educational and using games certainly can help children learn good qualities. Studies have also shown that the skills used in playing games can cause growth in certain areas of the brain, the ability to think in 3D and even improve our eyesight.

    Video gamers are also no longer just simple creatures. Just as Edward Smith, the professor in Oxford University, puts it that for some, gaming is having a positive effect on their social lives with games like Halo and World of Warcraft often being played in groups. When your group works together to win the game, your sense of achievement is higher than when winning by yourself.

So every coin has two sides. It seems today, gaming isn't just for game fans and if used in a proper way, we can all take part. If video games have two sides, what side do you stand by?

阅读理解

    Have you ever lost your car on a parking lot? It happens. You park and go shopping. When you get back, you have no idea where your car is. It can be discouraging.

    You don't need to install (安装) an expensive GPS system to keep track of your car. That's too expensive. You would need to pay a monthly subscription fee just to use it. But is there a way to track your vehicle without spending a fortune? Yes, now there is! A California-based start-up company was able to make this a reality. They created a tiny device (装置)that works with your smartphone, and it could be exactly what you're looking for! It's called TrackR Bravo. It's changing the way we keep track of the important things in our lives.

    Install the free TrackR app on your smartphone, connect the app to your device and you're ready to go! Simply attach TrackR to whatever you want to keep an eye on. The entire process of setting it up only takes 5 minutes or less. You can attach it to your keys, wallet and anything else you don't want to lose. Then use the TrackR app to find where your missing item are in seconds.

    Forget expensive GPS systems or tracking services. Nobody wants to pay expensive monthly subscription fees. We understand how stressful these things can be, and this is the reason why the company created TrackR. This device is your VIP when you need to take care of important things.

    If you forget where you park your car, take out your smartphone and open the TrackR app. Tap on the “lost item” sign on the screen and the app will tell you the exact location. This device is by no means expensive. TrackR only costs $29, a small price to pay for peace of mind. The device is small enough that you can attach it to your pets. Put it on their collar, and you will never lose track of them! Attach it to your key or wallet, and never waste a minute rummaging the whole house for it.

    Since you've been informed about this brilliant invention, now attach it to everything that's important to you.

阅读理解

    Life in the summertime is often full of pests. Like most Long Island homeowners, I want to ensure my suburban life with pest-free living. So it was with wide-eyed wonder that I greeted the smiling exterminator (灭虫者) who rang my bell.

    “We'll be serving your neighbors, Mike and Sarah (I'm not familiar with either one by name),” he waved in the other direction. “Since we'll have a team here tomorrow, we're offering a discount.” He came out with numbers beginning from $299 then in seconds to $89.

    “You've probably been seeing the ant hills around.” he moved toward my front walkway and lawn. “And have you seen the bees that dig nests in the ground?” he continued with his head shaking up and down pushing me to do the same.

    “What we do is spray three feet out from your foundation and three feet up.” As he was talking, and without breaking eye contact, he opened his iPad cover and began operating at the screen to show me frightening images. “It also kills other pests, like spiders. It is the best pesticide (杀虫剂),” he said, pausing for effect.

    He then went into soft talk to close the deal, correctly foreseeing that I would be concerned about safety and the environmental impact on my vegetable garden, plants and our little patch of planet here on Long Island. “The products are environmentally responsible, safe with children and pets,” he said.

    I'm unkind when it comes to unwanted visitors entering on my out-of-doors moments. Any insect found in my house or on my deck is bound to be poisoned or pancaked.

    Unfortunately for the exterminator, just as I was considering making an appointment, Billy, my fearless husband, pulled into our driveway, which made me ask for a business card out of politeness instead.

 阅读短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。

Known as the fastest Chinese man, Su Bingtian made history. Now, Su's feat was on a par with the 12 fastest human sprinters of all time and he is really a flying man of China, of Asia.

On August 1st of 2021, Su set a new record of 9. 83 seconds in the Tokyo Olympics Men's 100 m semifinals (半决赛). He was the first Chinese runner to enter the final in the event and brought an unforgettable moment for the world in the summer of that year.

For a long time, it was believed that Asian people couldn't get great achievements in such kinds of competitions. For decades, it has been impossible for Asian athletes to break the 10-second barrier in the 100m race. But as Su progressed steadily (稳定地) in international competitions, this idea came under fire. After May 30th, 2015, the day Su became the first Chinese man to break the 10-second barrier for the 100 m, running exactly 9.99, he has become a legend who kept breaking Chinese records or even Asian records since then.

He became well known and many people wanted to be as famous as him, but the way to success was never easy for Su. Once he was badly hurt in a training course. Su had to stop running. after the accident. He even planned to give up running in 2017. But the spirit to do something for our country brought Su back to the running team. He realized that finishing the semifinal in less than 10 seconds would win the chance to enter the final competition. It was difficult to get the goal.

Su trained much harder than before to improve the speed. To encourage himself, he set a personal goal-9. 89 seconds. He even made the number as his personal password (密码) for his phone and computer. Finally he succeeded! His spirit encourages many people to try to achieve their dreams.

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