根据短文理解，完成下列各题。
    In every school there is "top" crowd that sets the pace, while the others follow their lead. For example, if the crowd decides that it is smart to wear bright red sweaters, then very soon everybody is wearing bright red sweaters.
    There is nothing wrong with that, except the fact that for some people bright red sweater is really unsuitable.
    The situation can even become dangerous, if the top crowd decides that it is smart to drink and to drive cars at seventy miles an hour. Then the people who follow the lead are endangering their lives. They are like the sheep being led to the slaughter(屠杀).
    Now it's possible that you have come across situations like these more than once in your life. In fact you probably did something you knew to be wrong one time or another. You may have excused yourself by saying, "Gee, the crowd does it."Well, let the crowd do it, but don't do it yourself. Learn to say "No".
    Develop your own standards(标准)and your own judgment. If you know the crowd is planning something you disagree to, you'd better take the courage to bow out in a polite way. You'll have the satisfaction of standing on your own two feet.

    The biggest secret about inventing is that anybody can do it! Perhaps this sounds crazy, but it's true. Maybe you have the wrong idea about inventing, so read on to discover the truth.

    Wrong idea No. 1: An invention has to be something completely new.

    Inventing means creating something "new", but the idea could come from something that already exists(存在). The Wright brothers, for example, got the idea for building a "flying machine" from watching birds.

    Wrong idea No. 2: Inventors are born, not made.

    There are a lot of factors(因素) that make invention possible. Take Mazart, for example. He was born with a talent for musical composition. But other factors were also important for his creativity. His father was a music teacher, and Mozart practiced for hours every day, from the time he was four years old. Thomas Edison said that being an inventor was "99% hard work and 1% inspiration"!

    Very successful creators don't give up when they get something wrong. As one inventor said, "A failure is the right answer to the wrong question."

    Wrong idea No. 3: Inventors are always old people.

    Don't believe that you can't invent something when you are young. Here are two examples of young inventors: Louis Braille went blind when he was a child. When he was fifteen, he invented a system of reading and writing for blind people that is still used in most countries today.

    As a young man, George Nissen was watching some artists performing in a show. He watched how they fell into the safety net and then jumped back up again. This gave him an idea, and he invented the trampoline(蹦床).

Dear August,

Welcome to the world! Your mom and I are so excited to see who you will become. When your sister was born, we wrote a letter about the world in which we hoped she, and now you, will grow up-a world with better education, fewer health problems, stronger communities, and a greater society. We wrote that with all the improvement in science and technology, your generation(一代) should live much better lives than ours. Even though headlines (头条) are often about what's wrong, we still believe these hopeful wishes will win out, and we have duties to do our part to make that happen. We're optimists(乐观主义者) about your generation and the future.

But rather than write about growing up, we want to talk about the childhood. The world can be a serious place. That's why it's important to make time to go outside and play. You will be busy when you are older, so I hope you take time to smell all the flowers and collect all the leaves you like in your basket. I hope you read your favorite Dr. Seuss' books now and then before you start inventing your own stories about the Vipper of Vipp. I hope you ride the carousel(旋转木马) with Max until you've tried every color horse. I hope you run as much as you want around our living room and yard. And then I hope you take a lot of naps to be a great sleeper. And I hope even in your dreams you can feel how much we love you.

Childhood is magical. You only get to be a child once,  ▲ . You've got us for that, and we'll do everything we possibly can to make sure the world is a better place for you and all children in your generation.

August, we love you so much and we're so excited to be with you. We wish you a life of happiness, love and the same hope you give us.

Love,

Mom and Dad

The Spring Festival(春节)is coming.You will buy new clothes and much food.There are always some old clothes you don't want.And there is always some food you can't eat.What can you do?Take them to two places(地方)，

 In nature, you may see many insects and animals of different colors. For example, have you ever wondered why locusts(蝗虫) are super hard for birds to catch? It is neither because locusts are good jumpers or runners nor because they are smarter than their enemies(敌人) . Actually, the reason is that the colors of locusts change with the colors of crops. When crops are young, locusts look green. But when autumn comes, locusts change to the yellow and brown color as crops do.

 Brown bears, tigers and other animals move quietly through forests. They can't be seen easily by their enemies. This is because they have colors similar to the trees. For the same reason, polar bears that live on a land of snow and ice are white. Butterflies and bees living among the flowers are colorful like flowers. Soil (土壤) insects are mostly dark- colored and they live under the soil in a dark and wet environment. However, insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others. So in order to survive, they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night.

 The ink fish in the sea can send out some black ink when it faces danger. As the ink spreads over, its enemies will find themselves suddenly in a dark world. At the same time, the ink fish immediately swims away. That is how it keeps itself safe.

John is a student in a middle school. He likes hamburgers best. He doesn't want to eat fruit or vegetables. So he is very fat. His mother always says to him, "John, you can't be so fat. It's not healthy." But John says, "I'm fine, Mom. I want to eat my favorite hamburgers every day. At school, John doesn't like P.E. and he doesn't want to do sports. Every time he has P.E., he says to his teacher, "I don't feel(感觉) well and I can't have P.E." Then he goes to his classroom and eats food. 

Today John goes shopping with his mother. He wants to buy new clothes, but he is not happy____this time. He finds a nice T-shirt, but he can't wear the T-shirt in a big size. John says to his parents, "I don't want to be fat! And I want to be healthy." His father says he can take him to do sports. His mother says it's useful to eat healthy food. John thanks them for their help.