- 二一组卷

题型：阅读选择题类：常考题难易度：普通

广东省深圳市龙岗区2018-2019学年八年级下学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读短文，从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Mike Myers is a teacher at Chauncey Rose High School in Terre Haute, Indiana. Last year, he taught his students about the world's rain forests. They learned that rain forests are important because the plants and animals of the rain forests give us food, wood and medicine.

Destruction of the world's rain forests is a severe problem. As part of a class project, Myers' students bought three acres (英亩) of rain forest in Central America. They paid $25 for each acre. The students hope that the land they bought will be protected and not destroyed.

Last June, Myers and four of his students took a boat ride down a river. They saw alligators and crocodiles. In the middle of the week, a guide took Myers and his students into the rain forest. "The monkeys were not happy that we were in their forest. They broke small branches off the trees and threw them at us," one of the students said. "It was a great journey of exploring nature for all of us," said Myers.

Each student close something special about Costa Rica to study involving the plants animals, food, and culture. During the last few days the group had time to do fun activation. They went whitewater rafting and horseback riding, and visited Costa Rica's active volcano.

Myers hopes to make the trip every year with a different group of kids.

（1）、How much did Myers' students pay for the rain forest they bought?

A、$ 25 B、$ 50 C、$ 75 D、$ 100

（2）、The underlined word "Destruction'" in paragraph 2 probably means the process of being ________.

A、destroyed B、developed C、described D、discovered

（3）、What did Myers and his students do at the beginning of their trip?

A、They caught some monkeys. B、They took a boat ride down a river. C、They studied some plants and animals. D、They followed their guide to the rain forest.

（4）、The passage mainly shows that Myers and his students ________.

A、went to the rain forest for fun activities B、did something to protect the rain forest C、wanted to buy the rain forest in Costa Rica D、were interested in the culture of Costa Rica

举一反三

The world is not only hungry but also thirsty for water. This may seem strange to you, since nearly 70% of the earth's surface is covered with water. But about 97% of that is sea water or salt water. Man can only drink and use the other 3% of fresh water from rivers, lakes, underground and so on. And we can not even use all of that because some of it has been made dirty.
Earth Day is April 22. But on all other days, we must also remember how important water is. The water that we use is the most important natural resource on the earth. Today we face serious water problems. One of them is water pollution. All kinds of things from cars, factories, farms and homes make our rivers, lakes and oceans dirty. Polluted water is very bad for people to drink. And dirty water is bad for fish, too.
How do cars and factories make our water dirty? First they pollute the air. Then when it rains, the rain water makes our drinking water dirty. Dirty rain, called acid rain is also bad for plants, animals and buildings. Scientists say that in 30 years, more than half of the people in the world won't have enough clean water. We have to learn how to stop wasting water. One of the first steps is to develop ways of reusing it. Today in most large cities, water is used only once and then sent out into a sewer system (下水道). From there it returns to the sea or goes underground.
But even though every large city reused its water, we would still not have enough. So we should make use of sea water by removing the salt in it. If we can take these steps, fresh water won't be used up.

Skin-diving(潜水) is a new sport today. This sport takes you into a wonderful new world. It is like a visit to the moon. When you are under water, it is easy for you to climb big rocks, because you are no longer heavy.
Here, under water, everything is blue and green. During the day, there is lots of light. When fish swim nearby, you can catch them with your hands.
When you have tank (罐) of air on your back, you can stay in deep of water for a long time. But you must be careful when you dive into deep water.
To catch fish is one of the most interesting parts of this sport. Besides, there are more uses for skin-diving. You can clean ships without taking them out of the water. You can get many things from the deep sea.
Now you see that skin-diving is both useful and interesting.

    A 15-year-old student who invented a flashlight(手电筒) getting power from the holder's body heat is going home today from California with a big prize and a chance to do further research.
    Ann Makosinski was the only Canadian among the four winners at Google's international science competition. Thousands of young scientists from around the world took part in the competition.
    Winning the science and technology competition was "a surprise". Ann said, "I think it will have a great influence on my future."
Ann thanked her family for encouraging her interest in science and said that her first toy was a box of transistors(晶体管).
Ann's prize includes $ 25,000 and a "once in a-lifetime expericnce" from Google for her Hollow Flashlight, which has no moving parts or batteries.
    The idea for the invention came from seeing unwanted batteries and her friend's experience. When Ann visited a friend in the Philippines, she saw the friend couldn't study when it became dark because there was no electricity or light. She saw the need for a flashlight that has no batteries - Hollow Flashlight.
    In her project, Ann wrote "I made two flashlights that do not use any batteries or harmful materials. They do not create any noise and will always work. The flashlight needs at least a 5℃ temperature difference between the holder's body and the environment around to produce light."
    A video of Ann explaining how she creatcd the flashlight has been watched more than 1.4 million times on the Internet.
Though Ann was successful, she has not made a decision about her career path. Ann hopes that she can find a way to join her love of film and science together.
    The four winners were chosen from 15 final competitors from eight countries. The competition attracted thousands of students in 120 countries.

阅读理解

In recent years, there have been many breakthroughs in the AI (人工智能) field. Here, let us see four of the most interesting developments in AI in 2017.

Magic Radio

Want a friend that you can talk to anytime? Then you might like Magic Radio from Microsoft. Magic Radio features a cool cartoon figure. You can talk to it about anything. There is also an app for Magic Radio. With it, you can decorate the cartoon figure and even send it a gift online. Parents can also use the app to talk to their children. Magic Radio also records your life and analyzes(分析) your behavior. This way, it is easy for parents to know what you're doing when they're not around.

Sophia, Robot

Sophia is the first robot in the world to get citizenship(公民身份) in Saudi Arabia. In 2015, a US company built Sophia. She looks and acts like a human woman. She can talk to people naturally. She even has her own body language. For example, she may blink her eyes when she is talking about something funny. She also has the ability to learn from people, books and the Internet. Sophia was designed to have her values. "Don't worry, if you're nice to me, I'll be nice to you."

Samsung's Bixby

Like the voice recognition (识别) system, Siri on iPhones, Samsung has a similar system called Bixby. Experts said that it is smarter than any other similar system. If you once asked it to complete a certain task, it will remember that task the next time you talk to it. For example, you might like to listen to certain music while you're baking a cake. Next time when you tell Bixby " I want to make a cake", it will show you how to make a cake and play music for you automatically.

AlphaGo Zero

AlphaGo is an AI program that plays the board game GO(). Google Company has created a new version of the AI program called AlphaGo Zero. The new AI program is unique in the way it learned to play Go. AlphaGo Zero mastered Go in just two days without any human knowledge of the game. On the third day, it beat AlphaGo by 100 games to zero, becoming the best Go player on the planet.

阅读理解

There are millions of different animals in the world, but some are in danger, and some may soon die out. People can never see them again. Mark and David wanted to find some of these rare animals, so they climbed mountains, crossed rivers, and walked through rainforests.

A Bat, a Cat or a Squirrel?

Mark and David found the aye-aye. The aye-aye has bright eyes. It has ears like a bat, a body like a cat and a tail(尾巴) like a squirrel. Some people think the aye-aye brings bad luck. They killed(杀死) many of them, and cut down a lot of trees where the aye-aye lives as well.

A Strange Parrot

Mark and David found the biggest parrot in the world that cannot fly. Many years ago, some animals came to the place the parrots lived in, and killed many of them. Now there are only a few left.

Another Special Animal

Mark and David went looking for a manatee. A manatee looks like a seal and a hippo. In some places where manatees live, the water in the river gets low. Then the manatee swims to the place where there is more water. Many get stranded(搁浅), and some are killed by other animals and people, too.

After Mark and David returned, they made a film about these animals. They want to show the world these strange but interesting animals. They want the world to know there are not many of them left, and they all have a place in our world.

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案

What was discovered by accident? The answer is penicillin (青霉素). It kills germs. By killing germs, it saves lives. Suppose you are sick. You go to a doctor. She examines you. She says you have a “staph” infection (葡萄球菌感染). She gives you some medicine. You take it. The medicine knocks out the staph. Soon you are well. Before penicillin, this would not happen. Staph was almost sure death.

Everyone wanted a medicine. Laboratories worked day and night. They grew the staph in small dishes. Then they tried to kill it. Nothing worked.

The laboratory dishes had covers on them. They kept things from falling into dishes. Molds (霉菌) were a big worry. They are always in the air. You can't see them. They're too small. There are thousands of different molds. Molds can make an experiment (实验) fail. That's why dishes are covered.

Dr. Alexander Fleming was working to kill the staph germ. He worked for years. One day he took a cover off a dish. He looked inside. There was a thick growth of staph germ. There was also some mold. Then he saw something strange. Where the mold was, there was no growth of staph. This is what Fleming probably thought. “By accident, I found a mold to kill the dreaded staph.”

This is how penicillin was found. But here's the real miracle (奇迹). There are thousands of kinds of molds. But only one kind can kill staph. The mold must have fallen into the dish a few days before. The cover was probably off only a few seconds (秒). In those few seconds the right mold fell into the right dish. Another man might have thrown the dish away. But Fleming was very careful and smart. He understood what the mold did. How lucky the humans were!

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