题型：任务型阅读 题类：模拟题 难易度：困难
江苏省南京市2019届高三英语三模考试试卷
On the surface, one would be hard-pressed to find many similarities between German chancellor Angela Merkel, Bangladeshi prime minister Sheikh Hasina, and Liberian president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf — except for the fact that they are all female leaders of nations. Merkel, for example, spent more than a decade as a chemist before going into politics, while Hasina, the daughter of Bangladesh's first president, served as her father's political assistant while at college, and Johnson Sirleaf worked at multiple financial institution s before running for vice president. Is there something deeper than they share?
The researcher Susan R. Madsen of Utah Valley University interviewed women in some countries about their paths to leadership. She was surprised by the similarities among the women when they spoke about how they became leaders. "Every single one of them talked about finding their voices and their confidence at dinner-table conversations with their families. Their parents talked about politics, about what was happening in the community, and when the women had something to say, their parents didn't stop them," Madsen said.
As part of a series of interviews on women and leadership, I spoke to three women from different countries who have each become leaders in their respective fields: Agnes lgoye of Uganda, who works with her government to counter human trafficking; Ikram Ben Said, the founder of Tunisian women's rights organization Aswat Nissa; and Sairee Chahal of India, who started a digital platform that helps women get back into the workforce.
All three of my interviewees pointed to the family environment they had been raised in — particularly a father figure who taught and empowered the women in the family to learn, ask questions, and form their own opinions. Also, mothers broke convention by displaying leadership within the family.
Igoye, for example, credited her father with having the foresight to send his daughters to school despite opposition from others in their village. Her mother went back to school as an adult to improve her career as a teacher, which lgoye described as being a big influence on her. Similarly Ben Said talked about how her father encouraged political debate among the family when she was growing up, even when her opinions contradicted his. Meanwhile, Chahal said that even in her younger days, her parents went against the general convention of expecting their daughters to aim only for a good husband.
Another conclusion from Madsen's work is that women's leadership development doesn't look like men's. "Men tend to follow a more straight path to becoming a leader. Women's paths are much emergent. They tend to not necessarily look ahead and think, ‘I want to be on top.' Women would point to a number of experiences— motherhood, or working with a non-profit, or sitting on a board, as shaping their path to becoming leaders," she said.
Actually, women leaders tend to be held to higher standards than their male counterparts, lgoye has felt this in Uganda. "Women who take up leadership positions in my country have to be tough, it's not easy at all," she said. "You are always aware that you are representing all women. You have to work extra hard to deliver, to perform, because if you do something wrong, they will say, 'Ah, you see, women!' "
Therefore, merely having women leaders can change the opportunities available for generations of women in a country. What leadership looks like in their country, how much of a voice the women leaders are having, influences what leadership is and what it means to its women.
What do women leaders have in common?
|
Introduction |
These female leaders come from different cultural and political backgrounds, but do they share any ? |
|
Findings of Madsen's research |
In their early years, these female leaders were enabled to express themselves and develop their confidence at dinner table. They got more chances to be to politics. ⚫ Different from men, their previous experiences help them work their way to the of their career ladder. |
|
Findings of the author's research |
All these female leaders their success to their family environment. ◇Unlike other children in her village, Igoye received with her sisters. ◇Ben Said was encouraged to debate among the family even when her opinions went her father's. ◇Despite the general convention of well, Chahal was brought up otherwise. ⚫ Women leaders have to work than men |
|
Conclusion |
Female leadership a lot to a nation and its women as well. |
Commercial advertisement was once thought of as a technique of the marketers to inform the potential buyers about the availability of certain products. It was seen more as a medium to inform the buyers rather than persuade them to buy. The present day marketers see advertisement as a medium to damage the image of their competitors and their products. This indeed, is an undesirable and an immoral practice. Instead of speaking about their own products, these marketers speak about the drawbacks (often without any basics) of the competing products.
People watching TV advertisements would notice that there has always been an advertisement war between the marketers of different consumer goods. A few such cases are given below.
⑴Parachute Coconut Oil vs. V.V.D. Gold
Sometime back, the producer of V.V.D Gold Coconut Oil claimed in their TV advertisement that only their products were superior and the one sold in blue colour bottles (the reference was to Parachute coconut oil) was suitable only for un-natural hair.
⑵Tata Salt vs. Captain Cook
Tata salt was first iodised (碘处理) salt marketed by an Indian Company. It has been enjoying a good and steady market. Captain Cook, another producer of iodised salt, who entered the market later, had to adopt some strategy to get control of the market. The TV advertisement of Captain Cook stressed on ‘Free flow' of their salt when transferred to a container. The producer of Tata Salt retaliated (报复) by saying that the claim of Captain Cook was a trick and those who were quality conscious should deal with it with caution.
⑶Pepsi vs. Coca Cola
Coca Cola was selected as the official soft drink for the Wills World Cricket 1996. When the cricket series was on, the marketers of Pepsi constantly advertised on TV. Their advertisement gave the idea that the cricketers preferred only Pepsi and as a matter of fact there was nothing official about it.
⑷Horlicks vs. Complan
Sometime back, the TV advertisement of Complan, a health drink directly attacked Horlicks, which has been in the market for several decades. The claim of Complan was that their brand (which according to them was Brand C) has a higher percentage of ingredients compared to Brand H (reference was nothing but to Horlicks).
The above examples clearly show how the technique of advertisement is misused by some marketers to ruin the image of their competitors. This, certainly, is not a healthy trend.
Any marketer should only speak about his products and not about his competitors' products. The awareness of consumers has certainly increased over the years and they are no longer easily taken in. There are many consumer products like salt, oil, shaving blades etc. But one thing for sure is that offering the same product in a different container will not make the product different.
Mass media like Radio, Television and newspaper should not allow advertisements that tell lies. Legal regulations, in this regard, should also be made stricter.
Comparison of the past and the present | |||
In the past | A technique mainly used for offering{#blank#}1{#/blank#} | ||
At present | A trick used as a means of unfair {#blank#}2{#/blank#} | ||
Unhealthy trend of the {#blank#}3{#/blank#} of advertisement | |||
{#blank#}4{#/blank#} | Products | Wrong {#blank#}5{#/blank#} | |
V.V.D. Gold | No product of the kind could {#blank#}6{#/blank#}it. | ||
Captain Cook | Captain Cook stressed on their “free flow” when their product was put into a container. | ||
Tata Salt | Tata salt warned consumers to be{#blank#}7{#/blank#}. | ||
Pepsi | Too much advertisement on TV seemed to say that Pepsi was the cricketers' {#blank#}8{#/blank#}. | ||
Complan | Complan claimed that their product was much {#blank#}9{#/blank#}in ingredients. | ||
Solutions | ●Only products of their own are allowed to be {#blank#}10{#/blank#} in the advertisement. ●Stricter laws should be made to protect every producer's and consumer's benefits. | ||
Study in Canada
Why Canada?
Canadians place a premium(保险) on education and demand first-rate schools. Canada is among the top three countries in the Organization for Economic. International students who graduate from Canadian universities land successful and promising careers.
Ranked as #1 in the World
For the past several years, a United Nations survey has found Canada to be the best place in the world to live in. Conducted every year, the survey evaluates quality of life in 174 countries, using over 200 performance indicators. Canada earned particularly high marks for its access to education, high life expectancy(长寿), and low crime and violence rates.
Canadian Education is Competitively Priced
Tuition fees for international students in Canada are comparatively much lower than in any other English speaking country
More than 800000 Canadians trace their roots back to India!
High Standard of Living
Canadians enjoy a standard of living among the highest in the world. More than 65 per cent of Canadians own their own homes, with a higher percentage owning durable goods. Canadians are proud of their world-famous and highly advanced broadcasting system which includes more than 1,000 AM and FM radio stations and some 719 television stations to serve, entertain and educate the listening and viewing audience.
The vast majority of Canada's population of more than 30 million people lives in urban areas.
Welcoming & Beautiful Environment
All major urban centers have a variety of shopping malls, restaurants, theaters, art galleries and museums. Canadian cities provide numerous parks, gardens and beaches for public use, as well as excellent sports and recreation facilities. Canadians place a high value on their natural environment.
Canada is well-known as a safe, just and peaceful society. Canadian crime rates have been falling steadily since the 1990s. In 1997, Canada's police-reported crime rate decreased for the sixth year in a row, falling by five per cent. Violent crimes declined for the fifth year in a row in 1997 and Canada's homicide (杀人) rate now accounts for less than one percent of all reported violent incidents. Unlike its US neighbors to the south, firearms are strictly controlled and generally are not permitted in Canada.
Canada is a country with two official languages, English and French. The vast majority (75 per cent) of Canada's French-speaking inhabitants(居民) live in Québec(魁北克), which is located in the eastern part of the country but there are French-speaking communities throughout the country.
Internationally, it is estimated that more than 800 million people speak English and 250 million speak French. Canada offers superior English as a Second Language (ESL) and French as Second Language (FSL) training for students wishing to learn either or both languages.
|
Study in Canada |
|
|
Why Canada? |
International student's {#blank#}1{#/blank#} from Canadian universities enjoy a higher employment rate. |
|
Ranked as #1 in the World |
In Canada education is accessible, people live longer, and crime and violence {#blank#}2{#/blank#} happen. |
|
Canadian Education is Competitively Priced |
Other English speaking countries ask for a much {#blank#}3{#/blank#} tuition fee than Canada. |
|
High Standard of Living |
Broadcasting system in Canada is famous, advanced and serves {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Purposes. Few of Canadian people would like to live in {#blank#}5{#/blank#} areas. |
|
Welcoming & Beautiful {#blank#}6{#/blank#} |
It is really {#blank#}7{#/blank#} to live in major urban centers. Canada is a {#blank#}8{#/blank#} place to study in. Canada's homicide rate is low because Canadians are {#blank#}9{#/blank#} to have firearms. Canada has two official languages. {#blank#}10{#/blank#} 800 million people speak English and 250 million speak French. |
试题篮
