题型：任务型阅读 题类：模拟题 难易度：困难
江苏省南京市2019届高三英语三模考试试卷
On the surface, one would be hard-pressed to find many similarities between German chancellor Angela Merkel, Bangladeshi prime minister Sheikh Hasina, and Liberian president Ellen Johnson Sirleaf — except for the fact that they are all female leaders of nations. Merkel, for example, spent more than a decade as a chemist before going into politics, while Hasina, the daughter of Bangladesh's first president, served as her father's political assistant while at college, and Johnson Sirleaf worked at multiple financial institution s before running for vice president. Is there something deeper than they share?
The researcher Susan R. Madsen of Utah Valley University interviewed women in some countries about their paths to leadership. She was surprised by the similarities among the women when they spoke about how they became leaders. "Every single one of them talked about finding their voices and their confidence at dinner-table conversations with their families. Their parents talked about politics, about what was happening in the community, and when the women had something to say, their parents didn't stop them," Madsen said.
As part of a series of interviews on women and leadership, I spoke to three women from different countries who have each become leaders in their respective fields: Agnes lgoye of Uganda, who works with her government to counter human trafficking; Ikram Ben Said, the founder of Tunisian women's rights organization Aswat Nissa; and Sairee Chahal of India, who started a digital platform that helps women get back into the workforce.
All three of my interviewees pointed to the family environment they had been raised in — particularly a father figure who taught and empowered the women in the family to learn, ask questions, and form their own opinions. Also, mothers broke convention by displaying leadership within the family.
Igoye, for example, credited her father with having the foresight to send his daughters to school despite opposition from others in their village. Her mother went back to school as an adult to improve her career as a teacher, which lgoye described as being a big influence on her. Similarly Ben Said talked about how her father encouraged political debate among the family when she was growing up, even when her opinions contradicted his. Meanwhile, Chahal said that even in her younger days, her parents went against the general convention of expecting their daughters to aim only for a good husband.
Another conclusion from Madsen's work is that women's leadership development doesn't look like men's. "Men tend to follow a more straight path to becoming a leader. Women's paths are much emergent. They tend to not necessarily look ahead and think, ‘I want to be on top.' Women would point to a number of experiences— motherhood, or working with a non-profit, or sitting on a board, as shaping their path to becoming leaders," she said.
Actually, women leaders tend to be held to higher standards than their male counterparts, lgoye has felt this in Uganda. "Women who take up leadership positions in my country have to be tough, it's not easy at all," she said. "You are always aware that you are representing all women. You have to work extra hard to deliver, to perform, because if you do something wrong, they will say, 'Ah, you see, women!' "
Therefore, merely having women leaders can change the opportunities available for generations of women in a country. What leadership looks like in their country, how much of a voice the women leaders are having, influences what leadership is and what it means to its women.
What do women leaders have in common?
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Introduction |
These female leaders come from different cultural and political backgrounds, but do they share any ? |
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Findings of Madsen's research |
In their early years, these female leaders were enabled to express themselves and develop their confidence at dinner table. They got more chances to be to politics. ⚫ Different from men, their previous experiences help them work their way to the of their career ladder. |
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Findings of the author's research |
All these female leaders their success to their family environment. ◇Unlike other children in her village, Igoye received with her sisters. ◇Ben Said was encouraged to debate among the family even when her opinions went her father's. ◇Despite the general convention of well, Chahal was brought up otherwise. ⚫ Women leaders have to work than men |
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Conclusion |
Female leadership a lot to a nation and its women as well. |
Hillary Rodham Clintons，a Strongwoman
There are many Hillary Rodham Clintons— the experienced lawyer, the best-selling author, and the first US First Lady to be elected to the United States Senate (参议院).
Born in Chicago, Illinois, on October 26, 1947, Hillary's childhood was happy and she was well educated. Her parents encouraged her to take up anything that interested her and to be strong.
When young Hillary returned home from school with straight A's, her father remarked that it must be an easy school. The girl once ran back home crying after someone had hit her at school, but her mother wouldn't let her in. "There is no room in this house for cowards (懦夫)," said her mother.
A little older, young Hillary put all of her energy into politics. As a student leader, she discussed political issues with friends and researched social problems.
She entered Wellesley College in 1965. Graduating with high honors, then in 1969, Hillary entered Yale Law School, where she met Bill Clinton, a fellow law student. They got married in 1975. The former president often recalls the day when Hillary went to him and said, "If you're going to keep staring at me, I might as well introduce myself." The two soon became partners in moot court (模拟法庭), political campaigns, and the journey of love.
When Bill was elected president in 1992, Hillary wasn't content with just being First Lady. From working to reform national healthcare to fighting for the rights of the poor, she refused to stop fighting for what she believed in.
She was often criticized by her husband's opponents for actively involving herself in politics. But in keeping with her personality, Hillary always kept her head held high.
"When she takes on a project, she works tirelessly until it is completed," said Betty Lowe, an old friend of the Clintons.
Women's International Center proudly gave the Living Legacy Award to Hillary Rodham Clinton for her great contributions in so many fields, especially honouring her work for women and children.
On December 1, 2008, US President-elect Barack Obama nominated(提名)Hillary as Secretary of State.
Title: Hillary Rodham Clintons，a Strongwoman | ||
{#blank#}1{#/blank#} | ●{#blank#}2{#/blank#} of an ordinary family, she spent a happy and disciplined childhood. | |
●Though she was an excellent student, her parents were very {#blank#}3{#/blank#} with her. | ||
●A little older, young Hillary showed special interest in {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. | ||
●As a student leader, she was {#blank#}5{#/blank#} with social problems, and often discussed political issues with friends. | ||
●After {#blank#}6{#/blank#} from Wellesley College in 1969, she entered Yale Law School. | ||
Career | ●A talented lawyer, the best-selling author, and the first US First Lady | |
●She made great {#blank#}7{#/blank#} in many fields, especially in promoting national healthcare and {#blank#}8{#/blank#} for the rights of the poor. | ||
●She was {#blank#}9{#/blank#} for her work for women and children. | ||
●She was nominated as {#blank#}10{#/blank#} of State in 2008. It was determination that made her a successful stateswoman. | ||
“Urgent action required”, “Do you still want to hear from us?”, “We've updated our privacy policy”, “Should we stop sending you updates? If not, act now!”
Many of us will have received emails like this during the past few weeks. Triggering this flood of emails is something called GDPR that comes into effect in just under two weeks' time. Often the emails warn that if you don't respond, you will be removed from the company's database, which raises a lot of questions. What action, if any, do you need to take? Could it affect you financially?
GDPR, which stands for General Data Protection Regulation, has been described as the biggest overhaul（彻底检查）of online privacy since the birth of the internet. It is designed to give all EU citizens the right to know what data is stored on them and to have it deleted, plus protect them from privacy breaches（破坏）. It comes into effect on 25 May.
The new rules encourage the requirement for explicit and informed consent before data is processed. As a result, companies and organizations around the world are contacting users to check they are happy to carry on receiving their emails.
However, many of us seem to be going down with “GDPR fatigue（厌倦）”: one article last week claimed that the “reconfirmation rate” - the proportion of people saying they want to continue receiving a company's emails - at UK micro-businesses was averaging just 10%, which meant “they could lose 90% of their subscribers - the life-blood for their business”. So it's no wonder some firms have adopted policies such as offering to enter people into a prize draw in return for them going in and updating their communication preferences.
The average adult is said to have about 100 “data relationships” — companies and organizations that hold our personal data. Meanwhile, the reason why the company that occasionally emails you newsletters is now asking for your consent is perhaps because you never explicitly gave it permission to send you stuff. Maybe you only get its emails because you went to an event it organized ages ago or you once downloaded something from its website. Under the new regime, that almost certainly wouldn't count as explicit and informed consent, hence it's getting in touch now.
The bottom line is that if it is a company or organization that you want to continue hearing from, you should probably click the button or log in to ensure you keep getting its emails. If it doesn't hear from you, it may decide to take you off its database.
Passage outline | Supporting details |
The influences of junk mails | ◆ They flood into our lives. ◆ They{#blank#}1{#/blank#} to remove us from certain databases. ◆ They cause receivers to be{#blank#}2{#/blank#} about the possible risks. |
The{#blank#}3{#/blank#}of GDPR | ◆ It will guarantee all EU citizens the{#blank#}4{#/blank#} to accept or refuse. ◆ It will require privacy {#blank#}5{#/blank#}from companies. |
The {#blank#}6{#/blank#}from most receivers and the policies adopted by some firms | ◆ Most receivers are{#blank#}7{#/blank#} to continue receiving such emails. ◆ Some firms hold activities so that people may win a {#blank#}8{#/blank#} if they go in. ◆ Some firms offer to update people's communication preferences. |
The reason and bottom line for companies sending such emails | ◆ Companies hope to obtain explicit{#blank#}9{#/blank#} from their users. ◆ The information you left {#blank#}10{#/blank#} doesn't mean you allow them to send you stuff. ◆ Without your reply, companies may take you off their databases. |
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