题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:困难
江苏省新草桥中学2019届高三上学期英语12月月考试卷
Asthma(哮喘) is a long-lasting breathing disease that affects millions of Americans, many of whom are children. People who get asthma will suffer from lack of breath, difficulty in breathing or coughing--which are caused by the tightening of the muscles in airways. Untreated asthma can lead to poor lung function and death, but asthma can also be effectively controlled with proper treatments.
Research is discovering genes that contribute to the development of asthma. This development has pointed researchers to the role of indoor and outdoor pollution as environmental factors that contribute to the increased occurrence of asthma.
The Indoor Pollution
Indoor pollution has increased with the developments in building materials and in heating and air conditioning systems. In addition to poisonous gases that come from paint, other materials like dust and perfumes used in household products such as washing powder are recycled continuously through the house, winter and summer.
Unlike the days before central heating or before whole-house air conditioning, these materials and chemicals cannot get out of modern homes. Most often, they cause breathing problems in the members of the family with the least-developed autoimmune(自身免疫的) systems. Proper venting (通风) and use of environmentally-friendly building materials and carpeting can help reduce the presence of these chemicals.
The Outdoor pollution
Researchers have also established outdoor pollution's role as a probable cause of asthma. Asthma has been proven to result from some fuel products. Smog and the small matters carried by it have been recognized as a factor which leads to asthma since the 19th century when London saw more and more diseases in the industrial population. Industrial pollutants and other chemicals which are produced in water treatment and open treated water like that found in the swimming pools also contribute to increased cases of asthma as well as other illnesses.
Those most affected by the increase of industrial and environmental pollution are children. Although much has been done to control the levels of pollution in the US, there still remains much to do as it is a worldwide phenomenon. Until an international effort can be made to limit carbon emissions, the occurrence of environmental asthma will probably continue to increase.
The between asthma and air pollution |
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The of asthma |
● lack of breath ● difficulty in breathing ● coughing |
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The possible of untreated asthma |
● poor lung function ● death |
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contributing to the increased asthma |
Indoor pollution |
●It is by building materials and heating and air conditioning systems. ● some poisonous gases, dust and perfumes worsen pollution. ●Some material and chemicals in modern homes. |
Outdoor pollution |
●Smog and the small matters carried by it cause asthma, which is proven by a(n) number of lung diseases in the industrial population. ●Industrial pollutants and other chemicals in water are to people's health. |
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Conclusion |
Only when all countries join together to limit carbon emissions can people be from suffering environmental asthma. |
Being organized is an important skill for school and life.When you're well organized, you can stay focused,instead of spending time hunting things down.
{#blank#}1{#/blank#} For schoolwork, it means having one notebook or place where you store all your assignment,so you know what you have to do and when. Keeping all your school work neat and in a specific place—these are the main parts of organization.
For home stuff, being organized means having a place to put your things and putting them back as you go. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} It means keeping your schoolbag,your shoes, and your clean underwear in the same places so you always know where to find them.
Planning is part of being organized, too. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Calendars,lists,and schedules can help you plan. You can buy or draw a calendar and keep it near your workplace. Making a schedule or “to-do” list for yourself is a good idea. Looking at your list helps you keep track of what you need to do. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Check off things when you've done them. Use your list to help you decide which thing is the most important to work on first.
{#blank#}5{#/blank#} But once you're organized,it feels great.The less time you spend hunting around for things or panicking about homework,the more time you have for better things,like reading a good book or playing.
A. Planning means deciding what you will do and when you will do it. B. First,you should get your schoolwork organized. C. Add new things as you get assignments. D. You will benefit a lot from a good habit. E. What does it mean to be organized? F. It takes some extra efforts to organize yourself and your stuff. G. It means hanging your coat up instead of dropping it on the floor or throwing it on a chair. |
Learning a second language
Nowadays, more and more people are learning a second language. So why should we invest time in learning a second language? Is it worth it? What are the benefits of learning a second language? Let us see.
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If your work involves regular contact with speakers of foreign languages, being able to talk to them in their own languages will help you to communicate with them better. It may also help you to make sales and to negotiate and secure contracts. Knowledge of foreign languages may also increase your chance of finding a new job, getting a promotion or a transfer overseas, or of going on foreign business trips.
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Needless to say, being able to speak a foreign language, for example, the Japanese, would benefit you a lot when you are travelling to Japan. Being able to speak the language of the target country will save you a lot of communication trouble and inconvenience. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}
Education
If you are a high school student or a college student who is interested in going abroad for further education, then you will, in all possibility, have to learn the language of the country where you wish to move to, for further studies. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}
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Learning a second language can help in broadening one's horizon, it can help in learning about the culture of that particular country and it can pave the way for new interests and hobbies. Not only can you enjoy forms of art and literature connected with the new language, but you can also meet new people, make new friends and develop long-lasting relationships…all on the basis of learning a new language.
A. Travel B. Career C. Personal Growth D. Challenging Yourself E. You may be required to study a particular language at school, college or university. F. If you are fond of tourism, then knowledge of the local language is a must—have to avoid bad experiences or discomfort. G. In some cases or countries, being able to speak that country's national language is a must for students wishing to pursue education in that country. |
ID systems are used as a means for people to prove their identity, as a means of access control, or for many other situations. ID cards also contain a lot more information than simply the name of the holder. All ID cards contain information that is relevant to the institution that released them, so there is no single model that applies to all ID cards.
Different institutions have different rules when it comes to ID cards, and ID cards used by students, in universities, will not have the same security features as those used in the military, for example. The more important the institution is, the more important the security is, and the more security features will be used to prevent duplication(复制) of an ID card.
Anyone with a printer that can print ID cards can duplicate in ID card, if it does not have any security measures. There have been lots of cases, especially in low security institutions, where ID cards have been duplicated and this was not noticed, since the person holding the card usually flashed it when it was requested, and that was not enough to notice that it is a fake.
That may not be extremely important when it is simply a case of a student trying to enter the campus of another university, but it can be of vital importance if it happens in a military institution. Checks in military institutions are much stricter and the personnel checking the card are always trained to spot fakes in a short amount of time.
Some may think that creating an ID card is extremely difficult, but it is not. All it takes is a special printer that can print ID cards, a model and a photo ID. The fact that such printers can be freely ordered online has raised security issues with lots of companies and institutions, and most have decided to either create their own ID cards, or simply use more advanced security features that regular home-users do not have access to. This includes magnetic stripes(磁条), chips, barcodes(条形码),and other methods. This does increase the cost of the card per person, so the total cost of the cards increases based on the number of employees the company has, but it also reduces security risks to a minimum.
So ID systems, as basic as they seem, are an excellent security measure for any institution. To ensure that the IDs look good and function properly, the company that handles the card printing services should be top-class. Trying to save some money by choosing a cheaper provider is not really wise. While some companies offer bonuses for large orders, if the quality provided is not of the highest standard, it is not worth it.
ID systems | |
Passage outline | Supporting details |
{#blank#}1{#/blank#} to ID system | There is not a single model {#blank#}2{#/blank#} to all ID cards because of different information contained in different ID cards. Different security features are decided by the degree of the {#blank#}3{#/blank#} of the institutions |
Security features of ID cards | With no security measures quite a lot of {#blank#}4{#/blank#} of ID card duplication have happened. In a military institution ID cards are {#blank#}5{#/blank#} more strictly |
{#blank#}6{#/blank#} of ID cards | It is not {#blank#}7{#/blank#} to make ID cards with special printers. Using magnetic stripes, chips and barcodes {#blank#}8{#/blank#} the safety of ID cards. |
The author's advice | {#blank#}9{#/blank#} basic and simple, ID systems are an excellent security measure. It's wise to {#blank#}10{#/blank#} top-class providers or services to ensure ID cards of a fine quality. |
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rushing into business. Firms of all types are using AI to forecast demand, hire workers and deal with customers. The McKinsey Global Institute, a think-tank within a consultancy, forecasts that just applying AI to marketing, sales and supply chains could create economic value of $2.7trn over the next 20 years.
Such grand forecasts fuel anxiety as well as hope. Less familiar, but just as important, is how AI will transform the workplace.
Start with the benefits.AI ought to improve productivity. Humanyze, a people analytics software provider, combines data from its badges(工牌)with employees' calendars and e-mails to work out, say, whether office layouts favour teamwork .Slack, a workplace messaging app, helps managers assess how quickly employees accomplish tasks. Companies will see when workers are not just dozing off but also misbehaving.
Employees will gain, too. Thanks to advance in computer vision, AI can check that workers are wearing safety equipment and that no one has been harmed on the factory floor. Some will appreciate more feedback on their work and welcome a sense of how to do better.
Machines can help ensure that pay rises and promotions go to those who deserve them. That starts with hiring. People often have biases but algorithms(算法), if designed correctly, can be more unprejudiced. Software can flag patterns that people might miss.
Yet AI's benefits will come with many potential drawbacks. Algorithms may not be free of the biases of their programmers, which can have unintended consequences. The length of a travel may predict whether an employee will quit a job, but this focus may harm poorer applicants. Older staff might work more slowly than younger ones and could risk losing their positions if all AI looks for is productivity. And surveillance(监控)may feel Orwellian—a sensitive matter now that people have begun to question how much Facebook and other tech giants know about their private lives.
As regulators and employers weigh the pros and cons of AI in the workplace, three principles ought to guide its spread. First, data should be anonymized where possible. Microsoft, for example, has a product that shows individuals how they manage their time in the office, but gives managers information only in aggregated(整合)form. Second, the use of AI ought to be transparent. Employees should be told what technologies are being used in their workplaces and which data are being gathered. As a matter of routine, algorithms used by firms to hire, fire and promote should be tested for bias and unintended consequences. Last, countries should let individuals request their own data, whether they are ex-workers wishing to contest a dismissal or jobseekers hoping to demonstrate their ability to prospective employers.
The march of Al into the workplace calls for trade-offs between privacy and performance. A fairer, more productive workforce is a prize worth having, but not if it chains employees. Striking a balance will require thought, a willingness for both employers and employees to adapt and a strong dose of humanity.
AI Spy | |
Passage outline | Supporting details |
Introduction | While its future in business is full of {#blank#}1{#/blank#}, AI affects the workplace negatively. |
Advantages of AI | ·AI makes business more productive by analyzing the office layout, assessing the employees' working efficiency and {#blank#}2{#/blank#} their behavior. ·AI can {#blank#}3{#/blank#} employees' safety and provide feedback for them to better themselves. ·AI helps businesses hire more suitable employees and develop a better {#blank#}4{#/blank#} of promotion and pay rise. |
Potential drawbacks of AI | ·Undesirable results may arise due to the biases of the programmers. ·Poorer applicants and older staff are at a {#blank#}5{#/blank#} ·Employees' privacy is {#blank#}6{#/blank#} in the age of AI. |
Principles{#blank#}7{#/blank#} AI's spread | ·Keep the data anonymous when they are gathered and used. {#blank#}8{#/blank#} employees of technologies used in the workplace and test the algorithms to avoid undesirable results. {#blank#}9{#/blank#} employees to access data for their own sake. |
Summary | Only when employees and employers are {#blank#}10{#/blank#} to adapt and respect each other, can AI make workplace fairer and more productive. |
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