题型：任务型阅读 题类：常考题 难易度：困难
江苏省海安高级中学2019届高三上学期英语12月月考试卷
There's a contradiction in the way many of us behave online: we know we're being watched all the time, and disapprove of the monitor by Google and the government. But the bounds of what's considered too personal to be uploaded or shared online seems to shrink by the day.
I complain about the lack of privacy, for example, and yet I willingly and routinely trade it for convenience. I no longer run the risk of unforeseen delays on public transport; Google Maps will inform me of the fastest route to my destination; I no longer need to remember my friends' birthdays; Facebook will urge me, and invariably appeal to me to post an update to remind people I exist. All I have to do is make my location, habits and beliefs transparent to their parent companies whenever they choose to check in on me.
So what's going on? “Visibility is a trap,” explained the French philosopher Michel Foucault in Discipline and Punish: the Birth of the Prison(1975). Allowing oneself to be watched, and learning to watch others, is both attractive and dangerous. He took for example “Panopticon”, a prison where prisoners were observed from a tower manned by an invisible occupant. The prisoners would believe in the presence of the mysterious watchman, whether or not anyone was actually inside, and behave themselves.
According to Foucault, the dynamics of the Panopticon are similar to how generally people self-monitor in society. In the presence of ever-watching witness, people police themselves. They don't know what the observers are looking for, or what the punishments are for disobedience (不顺从). But they willingly accept and follow this invisible discipline.
Foucault claimed that such monitoring is worrisome, not just because of what companies and states might do with our data, but because the act of watching is itself a terrible exercise of power, which may influence behavior without our fully realizing it.
But something's not right here. Why does the self-display continue when we are sure that we are watched from everywhere and nowhere?
Social media provides a public space that often operates more like a private one, where many people hold the belief that there they won't suffer the consequences of what they say online, as if protected by technology.
Plato would be alarmed by the lack of shame online. His point about moral knowledge is this: we already know the right way to live a just and fulfilling life, but are constantly distracted(转移) from that noble aim. For him, then, shame helps us be true to ourselves and to pay attention to the moral knowledge within. A man without shame, Plato says, is a slave to desire — for material goods, power, fame, respect. Such desire, by its nature, cannot be satisfied.
| Phenomenon | While people hate being monitored, the of privacy is gradually becoming a more serious problem. | ||
| My experience | I complain about the lack of privacy but still exchange it for convenience. | ||
| convenience | * I on Google maps for the fastest route to avoid delays on public transport. * Facebook will remind me of my friends' birthdays, and appeal to me to be updated. | ||
| cost | I must make my information available to relevant companies. | ||
| Michel Foucault's explanations | Idea: Visibility is a trap. | ||
| An analogy: * In the Panopticon, prisoners behave themselves just because they believed they were watched by an watchman. * In real life, the way people self-monitor the dynamics of the Panopticon. They willingly follow the invisible discipline. | |||
| Worries: Our data may be and monitoring may influence us to change our behavior . | |||
| Reasons for contraction | Though being watched, self-display continues because some netizens think that they don't need to take for what they say online. | ||
| Conclusion | *Shame is essential in leading a just and fulfilling life. *Shame helps us stay true to ourselves and focus on our . *Shame can us being a slave to desires for fame and fortune. | ||
I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier（收银台）in her general store. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you.”
At first I was paid in candy{#blank#}2{#/blank#} I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. My father helped me set up a bank account. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}
By the time I was 12, My grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics（化妆品）. I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear?” I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup（化妆）ideas. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}
The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn't need to be a Rocket scientist—you needed to be a great listener. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Except they are no longer women purchasing cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed.
A．Later I received 50 cents an hour. B．Before long, she let me sit there by myself. C．I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics. D．Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers. E．My grandma's trust taught me how to handle responsibility. F．Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before. G．Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought. |
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