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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

福建省厦门双十中学2019届高三上学期英语期中考试试卷

阅读理解

    When it comes to gift-giving, not only must the gift giver attempt to infer the recipient's(接受者的) tastes, needs, desires, and reactions, the gift selection may also be affected by the information which it would appear to convey about the giver and the giver-recipient relationship. The ancient practice of gift-giving is still common and important in modern cultures. For instance, Lowes Turner. and Willis (1971) mention a series of British Gallup Polls from 1963-1967, in which it was found that over 90 percent of the adult population did some Christmas gift-giving each year.

Gift-giving has been treated from a variety of related theoretical aspects. A famous theoretical analysis of the gift-giving process is an essay by French anthropologist- sociologist Marcell Mauss(1923). Based on his examination of gift-giving, Mauss concluded that gift-giving is a self-perpetuating(不停的) system of reciprocity. More specifically, Mauss summarized three types of obligations (义务): the obligation to give; the obligation to receive; the obligation to repay.

    The obligation to give may be based on moral or religious necessities, with the need to recognize and keep a status hierarchy(等级制度) or the need to establish or keep peaceful relations. Receiving is seen as similarly obligatory. Mauss noted however that there is a certain tension created in receiving a gift since acceptance is an implied recognition of dependence on the giver. This tension may then be reduced by meeting the third obligation, the obligation to repay. Failure to repay or failure to repay adequately results in a loss of status and self-esteem. Adequate or overly adequate repayment, on the other hand, creates an obligation to repay on the part of the original giver, and the cycle is reinitiated.

    Schwartz (1967) noted that beyond the functions served by the general process of gift exchange, the characteristics of the gift itself also act as a powerful statement of the giver's perception(洞察力) of the recipient. He also suggested that acceptance of a particular gift constitutes an acknowledgment and acceptance of the identity that the gift is seen to imply. Among children this may lead to lasting changes in self-perceptions, but probably gifts have less influence on the self- concept of an adult.

    There can be little doubt that gift-giving is a common experience in human life and consumer behavior.

(1)、What does the author want to stress by mentioning the example in Paragraph 1?

A、The anxiety between gift-givers and receivers. B、The recent increase in gift-giving around Christmas time. C、The common practice of gift-giving on special occasions. D、The differences in gift-giving between ancient and modern times.
(2)、We can conclude that Mauss suggests a self-perpetuating system of reciprocity ______.

A、requires equal participation in a relationship B、functions as a form of showing different status C、shows an increasing amount of pressure on gift-giving D、is a form of communication between gift-givers and recipients
(3)、What does the underlined word “ reinitiated” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A、Started again. B、Prevented again. C、Examined again. D、Explained again.
(4)、How would Schwartz describe the gift-exchange process?

A、Stressful. B、Symbolic. C、Accidental. D、Discouraging.
举一反三
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Writing an article for your school newspaper can be exciting and rewarding, especially when you proudly see your name in print.

    Decide on a topic. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} If you plan to write a news article for a monthly newspaper, you will need to take into consideration whether the topic will be relevant before printing. To get ideas for stories, listen to your fellow students and find out what has them talking. Follow developments within your school and community to get information on what would interest your readers.

    Do your research. There is an old saying in law that a good lawyer never asks a question that they don't know the answer to. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} To sum up, the more, the better.

    Attract the readers with a lead. As the beginning of a newspaper story, a lead has to be direct, but it does not mean you don't need to entertain the reader as well. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Your lead must be short, but it must also state as many of the essential parts of you story as possible.

    Consider the 5 Ws and H. These are the meat and potatoes of your news articles. You article must answer all of these questions: Who, What, When, Where, Why and How. Once you have answered these things, you can feel confident. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    Write, edit, rewrite and repeat as necessary. So, much about having a successful final product is about being willing to spend time and effort in editing and reviewing process. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} After that, make changes as a result. Having taken some useful suggestions, you are to make your article readable not only for their content, but also for their quality.

A. Think about what is happening on campus.

B. You have effectively informed your readers.

C. Get them interested with an interesting beginning.

D. Do not be afraid to accept positive comments.

E. News articles are suitable for the date of publication.

F. Take note of anything particularly unusual.

G. Try to find out as much as you can on the subject.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    My mother is a hard-working and kind woman. She is very busy from morning till night. As a teacher, she works hard.{#blank#}1{#/blank#} Both my brother and I love her dearly as she loves us.

    My mother has been teaching math at a middle school in my hometown. She goes to work early in the morning and does not return home until late in the afternoon.{#blank#}2{#/blank#} She treats them with patience and teaches them well. For her excellent quality and very good teaching results, she has been elected as a model teacher several times.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Every day, when she comes back home from work, she sets about doing housework, sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture, and putting everything in good order. She seems to be busy all the time. As she has been very busy working every day, she looks older than her age. But she looks as cheerful and happy as ever. Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself, but she often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us.{#blank#}4{#/blank#} She just eats a plain meal outside when she is too busy to cook herself. She lives a busy yet simple life, without any complaints.

    Often she says to us, “work while you work, and play while you play. That is the way to be happy and gay. If you do not work, you will become lazy and be of no use to society”. What a piece of good advice this is! {#blank#}5{#/blank#} This advice of hers will always serve as a guide to my behavior. My mother is great indeed, and I always feel proud of her.

A. She enjoys listening to classic music.

B. As a mother, she takes good care of us and gives us every comfort.

C. She loves her students and cares for them.

D. She never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals.

E. My mother is hard-working and never wastes money.

F. I never forget it and always bear it in my mind.

G. Can you tell us something about your mother?

阅读理解

    Much older than the Great Wall, Stonehenge is one of the world's most fascinating (迷人的), but least understood historical sites (遗址). Every year, thousands of tourists come to admire Stonehenge's beauty and to wonder about how and why it was built.

    Stonehenge was produced by a culture that left no written records. Though there are many guesses, it is still a mystery why stone-age man moved such heavy stones over 380 kilometers from where they were made.

    At that time, people had only basic wooden tools. To move the stones they probably used tree trunks (树干) to roll them along.

    Some historians believe that Stonehenge was a temple, the site of ancient sacrifice(祭祀). Others believe it was perhaps a giant sundial (日冕) to tell the time. Stonehenge could have been a burial ground(墓地) from its earliest beginnings, because human bone dating from as early as 3000 BC was found there. Whatever its ancient use was, the stones have always been a source of fascination for British people. One record from 1135 said the great stones were carried to England by giant magical creatures!

    In modern times Stonehenge has become a huge hit with tourists. When Stonehenge was first opened to the public it was possible to walk among and even climb on the stones, but the stones were circled with ropes in 1977 as a result of serious erosion(侵蚀). Visitors are no longer allowed to touch the stones, but are able to walk around from a short distance away. What's more, visitors can make special bookings to get into the stones throughout the year.

 语法填空

In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier {#blank#}1{#/blank#}that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas. 

BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool {#blank#}2{#/blank#}

gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a {#blank#}3{#/blank#} (person) weight in kg by their height in metres squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25{#blank#}4{#/blank#} (consider) healthy. 

The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased {#blank#}5{#/blank#}2.1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain {#blank#}6{#/blank#} (be)1.3 in women and 1.6 in men. The researchers described "striking changes" in the geography of BMI. In 1985, urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries{#blank#}7{#/blank#} (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed {#blank#}8{#/blank#} (sharp). 

This may be due to some disadvantages for people {#blank#}9{#/blank#} (live) in the countryside, including {#blank#}10{#/blank#} (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 

任务型阅读

The Hanfu, cheongsam (or qipao), Tang suit, and Zhongshan suit are the four most distinctive types of traditional Chinese clothing.

The Hanfu is one of China's oldest traditional clothes, dating back over 3,000 years. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Until the Han Dynasty, the Hanfu was adopted and strongly promoted. It then became the national clothing of the Han ethnic(民族的) people. It also had a far-reaching influence on neighboring Asian countries. Nowadays, the clothing gains in popularity again especially on special occasions.

The cheongsam originated in the Qing Dynasty. It has mainly developed into Beijing styles, Shanghai styles and Hong Kong styles. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Beijing styles are more traditional and conservative and brighter. More Western elements are used in the designs and colors of Shanghai styles. Hong Kong styles have shorter sleeves and are always decorated in a simpler way.

The Tang suit, in many cases, refers to a type of Chinese jacket rather than the clothing of the Tang Dynasty. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} As the Tang Dynasty was famous for being powerful in the world, foreigners called the Chinese people living abroad "the Tang people" and their clothes "Tang suits". Traditional Tang suits usually have Chinese characters on them to express good luck or best wishes. 

{#blank#}4{#/blank#} Nowadays, Tang suits are a kind of formal dress worn on special occasions like Chinese New Year.

First advocated by Sun Yat-sen, the Zhongshan suit, also known as the Mao suit, is a type of men's jacket. They can be worn on formal and casual occasions because of their symmetrical(对称的) shape, general appearance, elegance, and stable impression. The colors of Zhongshan suits are various, but usually plain, including black, white, blue, and grey. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}.

A. This name came from overseas.

B. The most popular ones include fu and shou.

C. Almost every dynasty had its own unique clothes.

D. Wearers choose different colors for different situations.

E. It was constantly improved throughout several dynasties.

F. It combines traditional Chinese and Western clothing styles.

G. There are many differences in decorations, colors and designs.

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