As the world's largest terrestrial carnivore(陆地肉食动物), the polar bear is the king of the great white north. Adult males can measure more than 9 feet in length and weigh between 770 and 1430 pounds. The polar bear has a strong body while their heads are narrow with small, rounded ears.

    Polar bears can be found in northern Canada, Greenland, Norway and Russia, and there have been reports that polar bear tracks have been found as far north as the North Pole. The 5, 000, 000-square-mile range of the polar bear circles the Arctic and contains pieces of open water where seals are easily caught.

    Polar bears live on the annual Arctic sea ice that provides a platform from which they can hunt. They hunt seals on the sea ice by breaking into seal dens in the sea ice. The dens aren't visible from above, but seeing is less important than smelling to a polar bear—with their sharp sense of smell, polar bears can sense the breathing holes of seals in their dens beneath the snow and ice. As the southern edge of the Arctic ice cap melts in summer, polar bears are forced to stay on land and spend their summers fasting(禁食), living off body fat stored from hunting in spring and winter.

    With about 22, 000 polar bears living in the wild, the species is not endangered at the moment, but its future is far from certain. Climate change is causing the disappearance of sea ice from which polar bears hunt seals. Sea ice in the Arctic is melting earlier and forming later each year. People have reached an agreement that controls the hunting of polar bears and directs each nation to protect their habitats, but it does not protect the bears against the biggest man-made threat to their survival: global warming. If current warming trends continue, scientists believe that polar bears may disappear within 100 years.

    While driving home after work, Jane Hodgson noticed a car pulled over at the side of the road and a crowd beginning to gather around someone who was lying on the ground.

    Jane, who had completed a first aid at work course, pulled over to see if she could offer any help — and it turned out to be lucky for the young injured girl that she did.

    Describing the scene she came across, Jane says: "The onlookers were ashen-faced and looking lost. They were so shocked that they hadn't even thought to call for an ambulance yet."

    After speaking to the emergency services, Jane started finding out what had happened and what injuries the young girl called Jenny had. The girl had been hit by a car and gone over the handlebars of her bike, landing on her head and shoulder. Her shoulder and arm were twisted underneath her.

    "She hadn't been wearing a helmet when she got knocked down, and I thought that she should not be moved as I couldn't be sure about a spinal injury (脊椎损伤), but after looking her over and checking the circulation in her injured arm I did feel fairly confident that she had escaped relatively unhurt.

    "As we were waiting for an ambulance, the amount of pain the girl was in was increasing. To distract (分散注意力) her and minimize the risk of her going into shock I kept her talking. She held my hand tightly when the pain got too much and this helped. I told her I could handle it — we laughed about that," describes Jane.

    Later, a doctor from the local hospital's ICU stopped at the scene too. The ICU doctor decided that Jenny should lie on her back, making her much more comfortable until the emergency services arrived.

    Thinking back, Jane says: "For me, knowing that in a small way I helped that girl through what was a frightening experience is all the reward I need. I felt great to know I'd made a difference and I'd do it again."

    The Pacific island nation of Nauru used to be a beautiful place. Now it is an ecological disaster area. Nauru's heartbreaking story could have one good consequence—other countries might learn from its mistakes.

    For thousands of years, Polynesian people lived on the remote island of Nauru, far from western civilization. The first European to arrive was John Fearn in 1798. He was the British captain of the Hunter, a whaling ship. He called the island Pleasant Island.

    However, because it was very remote, Nauru had little communication with Europeans at first. Then whaling ships and other traders began to visit, bringing guns and alcohol. These elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island. A ten-year civil war started, which reduced the population from 1400 to 900.

    Nauru's real troubles began in 1899 when a British mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐)on the island. In fact, it found that the island of Nauru was nearly all phosphate, which is a very important fertilizer for farming. The company began mining the phosphate.

    A phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground; it is a strip mine. When a company dug strip mines, it removed the top layer of soil. Then it took away the material it wanted. Strip mines totally destroyed the land. Gradually, the lovely island of Nauru started to look like the moon.

    In 1968, Nauru became one of the richest countries in the world. Every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.

    Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem—their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was almost financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433, 600, 000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.

    Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night—as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.

    David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.

    Dr. Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds' health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.

    He told people at a conference, "There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy. "

    And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr. Dominoni said, "In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying 'You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls? During the breeding(繁殖) season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep. "

    Although Dr. Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.

    However, some birds thrive(兴旺) in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators(天敌) fleeing to quieter areas.

Everyone can help to save the world

    We are all environmentalists now. We all know about acid rain and the ozone hole.  As consumers we have the power to make decisions which will contribute to a better world and it is in our power to do what we can to protect the earth.  

     In this way we have the power to influence retailers (零售商) to sell us those so-called "green" products. Therefore, the supermarkets have understood the message and are now trying to improve their environmental image. They are turning to less wasteful and recyclable packaging. The range of "green" products will continue to expand to meet the growing demand. This message has also reached the manufacturers. They have realized that protecting the environment may start as an advertising campaign but in the hands of intelligent people it can become a very profitable business. Besides, we can do more.

    Furthermore, we also know there are other areas where all of us can make a positive contribution to a cleaner, healthier and safer environment. There are a number of ways we can do this. For example, we now know how important it is to have our homes well insulated (隔热). We should choose the best energy efficient technology, such as modern light bulbs which can reduce electricity consumption by 80% over the older ones. We must also work hard to reduce the amount of rubbish we produce. We all produce tons of rubbish and waste disposal has become a big problem. As an environmentally-conscious consumer we should buy products which do not have so much packaging. Also, we should try to avoid non-returnable goods at all costs. In Scandinavia and Germany, for example, plastic bottles and cans are now returnable goods.  

    In conclusion it is important to emphasize once again the rise of consumer power. We must realize that we are all part of the problem.  

A. We can all reduce energy consumption at home and so cut the emissions from power systems.

B. For example, when we walk into a supermarket we can choose to buy environmentally friendly products and reject products which damage our planet.

C. There are some other ways to protect the environment.

D. Companies are developing environmentally friendly products that maintain a high quality and a low price.

E. But what are we doing about these problems?

F. Nevertheless we must also realize that we have the responsibility to be part of the solution.

G. Everybody has the duty to contribute to a cleaner world.

    I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it, when I was 13. My parents took us there for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to E1 Capitan, a 1 rock of 3, 300 feet straight up. I touched that giant rock and knew 2 I wanted to climb it. That has been my life's passion (钟爱) ever since— 3 the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. I've long made Yosemite my 4.

    About 15 years ago I started seeing a lot of 5, like toilet paper, beer cans, and empty boxes, around the area. It's 6 me why visitors started respecting the place 7 and treated such a beautiful home-like place this way.

    I tried 8 trash (垃圾) myself, but the job was too big. I would 9 an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later. Finally, I got so 10 it that I decided something had to change.  

    As a rock-climbing guide, I knew 11 about organizing any big event. But in 2004, together with some climbers, I set a date for a  12. On that day, more than 300 people 13. Over three days we collected about 6, 000 pounds of trash. It was amazing how much we were able to 14. I couldn't believe the 15 we made — the park looked clean!

Each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere. In 2007 alone, 2, 945 people picked up 42, 330 pounds of trash and 16 132 miles of roadway.

    I often hear people 17 about their surroundings. If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change is by 18 rather than complaining. We need to teach by 19. You can't blame others 20 you start with yourself.  

Dear Dad,

    On this date of your 50th birthday, Mom gave me the letter you wrote me when I was born 18 years ago. In your letter, you (wish) me to be strong-minded and successful. You were looking forward to  (see) me fight for my future bravely and do well for myself and others.  

    After reading this letter, I feel quite  (shock) at your expectation on me. I also feel shamed for not having performed well to meet your demand. I still remember when I was in primary school, I failed  (apply) myself to studying. I was addicted  computer games. As a consequence, I soon became the last one in my class. You didn't abuse me at all. On the contrary, you taught me that studying was   most important object at the moment and encouraged me to study hard. Only when I have read your letter did I realize that I behaved so  (bad) at that time.  

    I can't help (express) my gratitude and sending my best wishes to you. Wish you health and (happy). I promise that I will spare no effort to satisfy your demand of being a brave and  (success) person.  

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

    One day, my little brother bought a ice cream in the street, enjoying eating it. Unexpect, he saw his friend coming towards him, so he hurriedly hid the ice creams behind him. After he greeted his friend, they begin to talk. His friend had his dog with her. When he stopped talk with my brother, his dog moved around. The dog was such glad to find the ice cream in my brother's hand and it began to eat it with a great pleasure. My brother felt embarrassing that he hadn't shared the ice cream with his friend, he gave the ice cream to the dog. Then he bought another two for his friend and himself.

如今微信(WeChat)走进了人们的生活，为大家带来了诸多便利。但有些人也随之成了“微信控”(WeChataholic)，完全沉迷其中。请你就此话题写一篇报告。

你的报告内容需要包括:

1）对此现象的描述;

2）微信流行的原因;

3）微信给我们生活带来的不良影响。

注意：

1）词数100左右;

2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。