Chimps(黑猩猩) will cooperate in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to help one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.

In the laboratory, chimps don't naturally share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no great effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull at random —he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.

Human children, on the other hand are naturally corporative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiment with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.

There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally possessed in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially. Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive（认知的）skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.

The core of what children's minds have and chimps' don't is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.

                                       Rocky Mountain Summer Adventure Camps Bring Learning to Life!

    The Museum of Idaho Rocky Mountain Adventure Camps are available for students aged 6-14. Participants will have amazing outdoor experiences combined with adventure and fun. Space is limited to 20participants each session and registration is not complete until payment has been received by the Muse um of Idaho. Registration fee is non-returnable.

    Junior Adventure Camp

    Children aged 6-9 (must have completed first grade).

    We'll conduct experiments, go on field trips, and discover the fun and excitement of science! This year, we will learn about colonial（殖民主义的）science to go along with our exhibit, America's Revolution!

    Instructor: Chloe Doucette

    Dates: June 27- June30

    Time: 9:00 a.m. --noon

    Cost: $75 per child, $60 per child for MOI members, $50 each additional brother or sister

    Original Camp

    Children aged 9-12 (must have completed third grade)

    Original Camp is for children who are ready for an exciting full-day outdoor camp. Participants visit various habitats and ecosystems as we explore eastern Idaho. Well go bird watching, hiking in the mountains, and lots more!

    Instructors: Alana Jensen, Jerry Petty

    Dates: July 18- July21

    Time: 9:00 a.m. -4:00 p.m.(9:00-6:00 on the last day)

    Cost: $150 per child, $125 per child for MOI members, $100 each additional brother or sister

    High Adventure Camp

    Youth aged 11-14 (must have completed fifth grade)

    High Adventure Camp is for youth who are looking for an amazing summer adventure! This outdoor camp is full of exciting physical challenges and involves participants in even more in-depth activities than the Original Camp. This year, students will study how rattlesnakes experience the outdoors!

    Instructors: Chloe Doucette, Mike Winston, Jerry Petty

    Dates: August 8- August 11

    Time: 9:00 a.m. -4:00 p.m. (9:00 -6:00 on the last day)

    Cost: $150 per child, $125 per child for MOI members, $100 each additional brother or sister

    Participate in both Original AND High Adventure for only $200! Call522-1400 ext. 3002 to take advantage of this great offer. If you have any questions about the Museum of Idaho's education programs, contact Chloe Doucette, Education Director at (208) 522-1400 ext.3002.

    Mr. Peter Johnson, aged twenty- three, battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water. Mr. Johnson took the only escape route—through the boot (行李箱).

    Mr. Johnson's car had finished up in a ditch (沟渠) at Romney Marsin, Kent, after skidding on ice and hitting a bank. "Fortunately, the water began to come in only slowly," Mr. Johnson said. "I couldn't force the doors because they were jammed against the walls of the ditch and dared not open the windows because I knew water would come flooding in."

    Mr. Johnson, a sweet salesman of Sitting Home, Kent, first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn and hammering on the roof and boot. Then he began his struggle to escape.

    Later he said, "It was really a half penny that saved my life. It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot. I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear, but no help came."

    It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat, and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot. Then Mr. Johnson found a wrench (扳手) and began to work on the boot lock. Fifteen minutes passed by. "It was the only chance I had. Finally it gave, but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in. I forced the lid down into the mud and scrambled clear as the car filled up."

    His hands and arms cut and bruised，Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby, where he was looked after by the farmer's wife, Mrs. Lucy Bates. Trembling in a blanket, he said, "That thirty minutes seemed like hours." Only the tips of the car wheels were visible, police said last night. The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the ditch.

    Years ago, the American writer Kurt Vonnegut often said there was one story that would always make a million dollars: "Cinderella"(《灰姑娘》).

    "Cinderella" made more like $70 million in ticket sales when it opened last weekend. But the movie got a mixed reaction. David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter praised the movie and said, "Anyone will find something to enjoy in it." Steven Rea of The Philadelphia Inquirer called the movie "a winning re-do." Richard Corliss of Time magazine wrote that "Disney finally got Cinderella right." Other people were not as happy with the movie. Sara Stewart of the New York Post wrote, "This Cinderella is all dressed up with nowhere very interesting to go."

    Although different people think differently towards the movie, what is clear, however, is the movie's business success. It is not only popular in the theaters but also in sale. And Disney has widened its usual market for "Cinderella" products.

    There are products connected to the Disney movie targeted(面向) not only at little girls, but women, too. For example, the famous shoe designer Jimmy Choo worked with Disney to create "Cinderella's shoes." You can buy them for about $5,000. At that price, you would not want to lose one at the party, even if that is the way you get your prince(王子).

    The makeup(化装品) company MAC quickly sold all its products connected to "Cinderella." HSN is a popular website selling clothing and objects for the home. The marketer is now also selling "Cinderella" products.

    So, is there anything left for the children, those people we think of as the traditional audience for the age-old tale? Yes, you can find toys and other children's products at the American store JC Penney. Of course, you can also visit a Disney store.

    Imagine jet-setting from Tokyo to Paris, enjoying first-class travel, a four-course dinner and a city tour－all without leaving the ground. This is the future of air travel according to Japanese company First Airlines, which has used the power of virtual reality to create dream vacations.

    Passengers avoid the costly airport transfer, the baggage fees or busy airport terminal（航站楼）－and instead enjoy the privileges of business or first-class travel and an expensive tour of Paris－all while remaining motionless in Tokyo. As well as Paris, First Airlines also offers the virtual destinations of New York, Rome and Hawaii.

    After boarding, guests can settle down for the two-hour flight on their advanced Airbus seat－surrounded by decoration that is modeled on the inside of an aircraft, for maximum realism. There is flight service and VR, foods, music for every destination. Passengers will be served a delicious meal by air stewards, alongside drinks and other desserts. The menu depends on the destination of choice－Manhattan clam chowder and cheesecake for New York and salmon tartar and onion soup for Paris. After landing at the destination, guests can enjoy a 360-degree tour of the destination－all thanks to projection（投影）mapping and video.

    It makes for a supposedly stress-free vacation, perfect for those whose ability to travel abroad is limited by cost or health. Virtual reality is becoming increasingly present everywhere at all times in the world of travel－allowing travelers to appreciate the wonders of the world, all without leaving their house.

    At just 4,980 yen（$ 46）for business class and 5,980 yen（$ 56）for first class－these two- hour flights are far more affordable than their real-life flights. Tokyo citizens eager to experience First Airlines can book a trip on the website, with reservations currently being taken until May 2018.

The brain-training app trains people to tap on images of healthy foods but to stop when they see unhealthy snacks, creating a link between these foods and stops. The new study, by the universities of Exeter and Helsinki, found that playing the game about once a day for a month led to an average one-point reduction of junk food consumption.

Generally, people who used the app more also reported great changes in their food intake. One app user wrote, "Really useful. I used to eat junk food two to four times a week and I have reduced this to once a week after using the app regularly for a month. My desire for junk food has been reduced greatly and I no longer eat in the evening mindlessly."

The study used the app's usage data, and the app regularly asked questions about how often users eat certain food, along with other information such as their age and weight. The findings suggested that using the app regularly was linked with big changes in eating habits.

The app is free and it only takes about four minutes per day, so it's something people can do not just at home but at work and elsewhere. "From our results it seems important that you do the training at regular times and don't just stop. Therefore, keep it interesting, so you won't get bored with it. Personalize the app as much as possible and pick the food that you find really hard to resist," said Natalia Lawrence, a professor of the University of Exeter.

The researchers stressed that their findings should be further proved, because there was no comparison group and other factors____(such as the possibility that people who did more training were also more motivated to lose weight) could play a part in the results.