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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

江西省南昌市第二中学2018-2019学年高二上学期英语期中考试试卷

阅读理解

    This year's flu season is pretty scary. To try to minimize the effects, public officials are still urging anyone who hasn't yet gotten their flu shot to get one as soon as possible. However, even if every single person got a shot in the arm, the vaccine(疫苗)—with its excellent 36 percent effectiveness—would not prevent everyone from getting infected with the annoying virus. Knowledge is power, so here's what goes on in your body when you come down with the flu.

    The influenza virus primarily attacks your nose, throat, and the tubes that lead to your lungs. But the flu is so much more than that. Your muscles ache, your head hurts, and your appetite goes down, among other things. To our surprise, almost all of these symptoms have less to do with the virus itself than with your immune(免疫的)response to them. Unfortunately, the very defense you have in place to get rid of the flu is the reason you feel so painful when you recover.

    The virus usually enters through your mouth, typically by way of your hands. But it takes a few days for symptoms to set in. While this process might cause some harm to your nose and throat, it's nothing major, and nothing like the symptoms that typically accompany a bad or even mild case of the flu.

    The real fun starts when your immune system begins to fight. Your immune system comes in two parts: the innate system and the adaptive. The innate immune system is essentially an all-purpose tool. As soon as your body senses the presence of any injury or invader (入侵者), the innate immune system launches into action by producing tiny proteins called cytokines and chemokines. The cytokines reproduce almost immediately and start to attack the virus. This increase in immune cells creates an serious inflammation(炎症) throughout the body. But the worst is still to come. Meanwhile, the chemokines work with the adaptive immune system to help create T cells. These cells are a special type of white blood cell that works in a much more specific way: They find the influenza virus, identify what's special about it, and create something unique on their surface that finds and destroys similar invaders.

(1)、What can we infer from Paragraph 1?
A、All the vaccine is not effective. B、No one can avoid catching this year's flu. C、This year's flu is the most serious one in recent years. D、Public health officials have to use a gun when necessary.
(2)、Why many parts of your body suffer while you're recovering from a flu?
A、Because recovery from illness is painful. B、Because your immune system is working against your defense system. C、Because your body is fighting hard against the flu. D、Because the influenza virus attacks your nose, throat and other parts.
(3)、The underlined word "fun" in Paragraph 4 can be replaced by     .
A、joy B、battle C、action D、program
(4)、What's the main idea of Paragraph 4?
A、The fight between innate immune system and the adaptive. B、The categories of immune system. C、The way immune system works. D、The process of the development of immune system.
举一反三
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳答案。(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)

A

    In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking shakespeare's plays in their own language, in our globe, within the architecture shakespeare wrote for. Please come and join us.

    National Theatre Of China   Beijing|Chinese

    This great occasion(盛会) will be the national theatre of china's first visit to the UK. The company's productions show the new face of 21st century chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeare's Richard III will be directed by the National's Associate Director,Wang Xiaoying.

    Date&Time:Saturday 28 April, 2.30pm&Sunday 29 April, 1.30pm&6.30pm

  

  Marjanishvili Theatre   Tbilisi l Georgian

    One of the most famous theatres in Georgia,the Marjanishvili,founded in 1928,appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed(指导)by the company's Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze.

    Date & Time :Friday 18 May, 2.30pm&Sunday 19 May, 7.30pm

   

    Deafinitely Theater  London l British Sign  Language (BSL)

    By translating the rich and humourous text of Love's Labour's Lost into the physical language of BSL,Deafinitely Thertre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare's comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience.

    Date&Time:Tueaday 22 May, 2.30pm & Wednesday 23 May, 7.30pm

   

Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv l Hebrew

    The Habima is the centre of Hebrew-languege theatre worldwide. Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution,the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s. Since 1958,they have been recognized as the national theatre of Israel. This production of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK.

    Date Date&Time:Monday 28 May, 7.30pm &Tuesday 29 May, 7.30pm

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Being outspoken is a quality that, when used with skill and wisdom, can set you apart from the crowd. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} The quality of being outspoken is a positive and active skill. Here are some tips.

    Gain self-knowledge(自找认识)through journaling. Knowing who you are, what you believe, and how you feel is the beginning of knowing yourself, and journaling is a great way to gain that knowledge. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Not only can you know yourself better, journaling is an excellent tool to improve self-confidence. Self-confidence is the foundation of being outspoken.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#} In order to be outspoken, you have to believe that your voice has worth. You have to believe that your input will make any conversation better. And it probably will! It's different opinions that make conversations or debates interesting.

    Overcome shyness. The fact that you're confident doesn't mean you like hearing your own voice. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Overcoming a natural tendency towards shyness can seem horrible, but doing the opposite of your natural instinct can open up a whole new set of choices: brave choices.

    Back up your opinion with facts. Some people feel uncomfortable having or expressing an opinion because they don't know much about a topic. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} 

A. Be confident

B. Open your mind and speak it out.

C. The next step is overcoming your shyness.

D. Practice journaling for 15 minutes each night before bed.

E. Being outspoken is to speak your mind—to be honest and frank.

F. Allowing the other parties to make their points fully can help you seem more reasonable.

G. You can combat this feeling and have more confidence about your opinion if you learn facts that can support your opinion.

阅读理解

    “An apple a day keeps the doctor away.” Similarly, if we drink a little more water every day, we may find that we need to go to the doctor a lot less often. A healthy diet is made up of water and a great many different kinds of foods. We know that healthy foods like fruits, vegetables and fish, are important as they provide us with energy and fiber, without giving us too much fat and sugar. But why is water important?

    The human body needs water to survive. Water is important as it carries poisons and waste out of our bodies. So, doctors advise us to drink plenty of water, much more than the small amount we need to stay alive.

    Some doctors believe that water is important for our health in all kinds of ways. They believe that a great many illnesses and health problems start as a result of dehydration(脱水)—a lack of water in the body. Most people are dehydrated at least some of time, although they probably don't know it. It is surprising to learn that if we feel thirsty, we are already in the first stage of dehydration. In fact, we are advised to drink water before we feel thirsty.

    These doctors think that health problems such as headaches, high blood pressure and asthma(哮喘) could be helped if people drink more water. They also believe that drinking more water can help people who are overweight. Water contains no calories so it will not make us put on weight. If we drink water, we will probably drink less sugary soft drinks such as Coca-cola. Doctors also believe that drinking more water may stop people from overeating. They say that many people think that they are hungry when they are, in fact, thirsty. Doctors suggest, therefore, that we eat less food and drink more water. There are still many health problems that cannot be solved by drinking water, so we should not stop going to seeing the doctor completely. However, if we make a decision to drink water every day, we may find that we need to go to the doctor a lot less often.

阅读理解

Plastic sludge (污泥) and garbage is a disaster for the world's oceans. A film crew traveled the globe to document the rubbish. And Julie Andersen of the Plastic Oceans Foundation says what we see is just the tip of the problem. "Half of the waste actually sinks to the bottom, and that remains on the surface actually breaks down. "

The filmmakers found rubbish in ocean gyres, the circulating currents that trap large concentrations of pollution in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, home of what some have plastic. "What we found was a plastic smog that spread throughout all the water. And in some parts of the oceans, scientists have found more plastic than plant. "

The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain, sometimes visibly,and more so at the microscopic level, where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants. "There are heavy metals, medicines, industrial waste in the sea, while they acts like magnets (磁铁). These poisonous substances absorb on the plastic, and then when seafood absorbs the plastics, those poisonous substances enter the fatty tissues. " To be consumed by other sea life and by people at last.

China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam are the worst plastic polluters. The United States, although a leader in recycling, is one of the world's 20 since it produces and consumes so much plastic. There are efforts around the world to address the problem, including at this newly opened recycling center in Lebanon (黎巴嫩). But Andersen says there is more that people can do. "Cut back on single­use plastics, straws, plastic cups, plastic water bottles, plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials. " She says healthy oceans are essential to our survival.

阅读理解

Lack of sleep among children and teenagers in China has worsened in the past decade, with more than 80 percent getting insufficient sleep on school days, a new report has found.

Chinese youngsters snooze 7. 8 hours a night on average on school days, down 0. 3 hours from 2009, according to the report released on Monday by the Chinese Academy of Sciences'Institute of Psychology.

Researchers surveyed more than 15,800 students from Henan, Hebei and Guangdong provinces from April to July, asking what time they go to bed and wake up on days they take offline classes on campus.

Only 46. 4 percent of them sleep for at least 8 hours, compared with 47. 4 percent in 2009.

According to an action plan laying out measures to be taken from 2019 to 2030 to promote the health of citizens, primary school students are recommended to get a minimum of 10 hours of sleep a night. For junior high school and senior high school students, the recommended sleep durations per night are 9 and 8 hours respectively.

By this set of standards, more than 95 percent of students from primary schools, nearly 91 percent at junior high and 84 percent at senior high, did not get enough sleep on school days, heightening the risk of them developing cognitive, mental and physical health problems, the report said.

Hou Jinqin, a researcher at the National Institute of Education Sciences who co-authored the study, suggested local authorities implement measures instructed by the Ministry of Education, such as lessening academic burdens, postponing start times at school and encouraging children to be enrolled at institutions closer to home, in order to prolong sleeping hours.

In terms of the COVID - 19 outbreak's impact on sleep, she said available research overseas shows school closures forced by the COVID - 19 epidemic have added two hours of sleep to young students studying-gat home.

In China, some studies have revealed no marked differences in sleeping patterns of students before and after school reopened, she added.

 阅读理解

World War Ⅱ lasted from 1939 to 1945.Life changed for everybody,including women and children because of the war.Millions of people lost their lives during the war.The Diary of a Young Girl was a record of that time.The book was written by a girl named Anne Frank.

Anne Frank was born in Germany in June 1929.Because the German Nazis hated the Jews and warned to kill them,her family had to move to another country.In July 1942,they went into hiding in a secret place in her father's office.During that difficult time,Anne kept writing diaries until she and her family were discovered by the Nazis in August 1944.They were caught and sent to a Nazi camp.The next year,her mother died.In the same year,she and her elder sister died of illness,before the war ended.

After the war,her father collected her diaries and the book The Diary of a Young Girl came out in 1947.It has been put into over 30 languages since then.The book has been read by people all over the world.In her diary,Anne wrote down her thoughts,her feelings,her hopes and her dreams for the future,"I want this diary itself to be my friend,and I shall call my friend Kitty." "I can't spend all day complaining because it's impossible to have any fun!...Every day,I feel the beauty of nature and the goodness of the people around me.With all that,why should I be sad?"

The Diary of a Young Girl has also become a symbol of the greatness of the human spirit.It is called one of the wisest and most moving records on war.

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