Positive thinkers don't only live happier lives,and have better health but they are also more likely to reach their goals. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Even if a negative thinker managed to succeed,his life is still going to be tough because he won't be able to enjoy the success he achieved.Then how to become a positive thinker?

    ●Stay around positive people.

    Have you ever felt bad for no reason just because you were around someone who was feeling bad? {#blank#}2{#/blank#} So one of the best ways to stay positive is to spend more time with positive people.

    ●Reduce the stress in your life.

    Stress isn't only harmful to your life but it can also change your opinion of the world. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} If you can spend enough time relaxing and restoring your energy each day,you will become a more positive person.

    ●Train your mental muscles.

    The more you think positively,the more likely your brain structure is going to change and the more naturally positive thoughts will come to you. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} The more you train your mind to think negatively,the more likely you will become a natural negative thinker.

    ● {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

    Read about the stories of successful people and watch movies that promote positive thinking.Whenever you get exposed to positive media your mind gets trained to think positively and as a result you will become a positive thinker.Avoid negative media at all costs for they can do the opposite to you.

A.Learn from successful people.

B.Get exposed to positive media.

C.The opposite also happens with negative thinking.

D.Start right now to train your mind on positive thinking.

E.People infect each other with their emotions and beliefs.

F.The more stressed you become,the more likely you are to worry.

G.Negative thinking ruins people's lives and prevents them from succeeding.

                                                          How to pass an important test

    Whether it's a first grade science test or College Entrance Exam, all tests have one thing in common: you have to pass.{#blank#}1{#/blank#} Stuck in a situation where you don't know what to do? This article can help. Tips

    ★⒈Once you get the study guide, make plans right away to study as soon as possible. No excuses! Killing time with friends isn't worth it，since you can always hang out with them any other day.

    ★⒉Get plenty of rest. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} If you walk into the classroom sleepily, you'll most likely not finish the test because you are so tired.

    ★⒊Eat a good meal for breakfast. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}Some healthy breakfast suggestions are oatmeal (燕麦片), high fibre food, and grapefruit with the fresh fruit salad.

    ★⒋Bring all necessary materials. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}Bring pencils, pens, pencil sharpeners, snacks (if allowed)，erasers, the calculator (if allowed) and anything else you'll need for the test.

    ★⒌{#blank#}5{#/blank#} Showing up late cuts back the time you'll have to take for the test if it's already testing hours. You'll probably miss any important information needed in completing the test. In some tests，late comers are not allowed to take the test.

    Where you choose to stay can make or break your vacation experience. But even the most experienced travelers may not know the difference between the two main types of homes-away-from-home—hotels and motels. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} The answer isn't as simple as you'd think.

    These two types of lodging(住宿)have the same basic purpose—a place for travelers to sleep.{#blank#}2{#/blank#} For instance, they came to be for different reasons, and at very different times.

    The word “hotel” dates back to the 1600s and comes from a French word, hôtel. That word, just like the English one, referred to a place that provides lodging, meals, entertainment, and other services to travelers. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} This word dates back to the 1920s and combines the words “hotel” and “motor.” As America's major highway system developed, so did motels, filling the need for roadside stops for motorists traveling cross-country.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Hotels tend to be built for longer stays, while motels are intended more for one-or two-night stops along a journey. Because of this, hotels are much more likely to have offerings like lounges, gyms, and entertainment.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Want the place you stay to be just as much a part of your travel experience as anything else? Choose a hotel, Just need a place to pop in and out of to shower and sleep? A motel might be the better choice.

A. There are many secrets that hotels won't tell you.

B. But there are plenty of features that set them apart.

C. Have you ever stayed in a motel on your vacation?

D. Motels, on the other hand, are a much more recent lodging option.

E. Besides their first letters, is there any real difference between them?

F. So, in the end, it comes down to what you want from your trip and from your lodging.

G. There are also other differences that can help you figure out which type of place you're in.

    Empathy is the ability to imagine what it must be like in someone else's situation. It is an essential part of what it means to be human, to the extent that we are suspicious of anyone who does not show empathy in their behavior.

    {#blank#}1{#/blank#}We read novels, watch television and go to the theatre, and part of our enjoyment comes from understanding the dilemma faced by the characters because we know how we would feel if we were in the same situation.

    {#blank#}2{#/blank#}One study has shown animals displaying empathy towards other animals and towards humans. Creatures from across the animal kingdom such as bees and whales, as well as domestic pets, display behavior that suggests they cooperate with and protect each other.

    In another study, psychiatrist Jules Masserman and his team conducted an experiment with monkeys in which the monkeys pulled one of two chains that released food. One chain simply released the food, while another gave an electric shock to a second monkey. The first monkey stopped pulling the chain that delivered the shock.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}This empathetic behavior was observed in a number of monkeys.

    The origin of empathy is probably the need for the young of all animal species to be cared for. They communicate this requirement by crying for attention and to show pain. Both human and non-human young were more likely to survive if their parents reacted positively to their needs. People and animals alike are social beings and are more likely to work together.{#blank#}4{#/blank#}If we help others, we are also helping ourselves and so empathy is sensible and realistic.

    We don't always display empathy, however. Just as animals react aggressively to unknown creatures from their own or other species, humans tend to regard people they don't know with suspicion.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}Our unwillingness to trust anyone unfamiliar is as natural to us as our empathy towards those we know and love.

A. To feel empathy is not restricted to real life.

B. You can empathize with someone without feeling sympathy for them.

C. This fear of strangers will, we believe, protect us from personal danger.

D. It seemed to be willing to go hungry rather than see a fellow animal suffer.

E. However, it seems that in fact empathy may not be a quality unique to humans.

F. Empathy plays a role in that as it allows us to understand our fellow humans better.

G. It's certainly difficult to understand an animal's intention behind an emphatic response.

    There are several different types of fire departments. Some hire full-time paid firefighters and some are run entirely by volunteers. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}, a firefighter must go through strict physical and academic training to ensure a strong knowledge of fire safety and the physical strength to handle the tasks required by member of a fire department.

    Joining a fire department requires that both physical and written tests are passed with scores showing a thorough knowledge of fire safety. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}.

    The first step in joining a fire department as a paid firefighter is to submit an application as well as acquire the appropriate training. Usually firefighters must have a high school diploma, and some complete two-or-four-year programs in fire science at community colleges and universities. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}, and if a candidate already has connections at a fire department, he may apply for a position straight out of high school.

    Once a candidate applies and is accepted for training at a fire department, he must then complete several weeks of training at the department's training center. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. When this is done, the candidate is sent to a fire company for a period of probation (实习). He has to continue training in the new position while being directed by experienced firefighters. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}. An application must be submitted to the volunteer fire department, then if the application is accepted, the candidate will take a training program and then be required to pass a physical and written test. Firefighters must also become certified (认证) as Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs). The level of EMT certification is determined by the individual departments.

Sleep Patterns and Health Troubles

    When Carol Gee turned 55, she made a new friend: 4 a.m. In the past, she usually slept through it. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} She's not the only older adult to have the same experience. In 2017, a national vote conducted by the University of Michigan found that 46 percent of adults 65 and older have trouble falling asleep on a regular basis.

     {#blank#}2{#/blank#}Brains can slow. Wounds take longer to heal. And sleep patterns shift, too. The most noticeable ­ and often most annoying ­ changes are how sleep and wake-up times change and sleep gets lighter, often beginning in middle age. This can come as news to many, says Michael V. Vitiello, a psychologist at the University of Washington who specializes in sleep in aging.

    Studies have found that poor sleep can have a particular threat to older adults. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} 

    Falls, depression and anxiety, problems with memory, and increased suicide risk are among the impacts of sleepless issues in this population group that researchers have found.

    As with changes in sleep architecture and timing, scientists are still unsure why those risk associations exist. Kristine Yaffe, a neuropsychiatrist (神经精神病学家) at the University of California's San Francisco School of Medicine who specializes in dementia, warns that there are more questions than answers when it comes to dementia and sleep. He found that if people have dementia, they tend not to sleep well. Do sleep problems actually lead to dementia?

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    What is clear is the association between good sleep and psychological well-being in older adults. But sleep quantity didn't show the same effects. And therein, experts say, may lie the key to understanding sleep as you age. If you're sleeping less, but don't feel negative effects out of bed, the changes you notice may just be normal age-related.

    Your bedtime pattern changes as you age, is that a sign of trouble? {#blank#}5{#/blank#} "A lot of older adults recognize that they don't sleep the same as they did when they were 18, but they can still function and they're OK. And all is well with the universe."

A. Researchers think it's hard to say.

B. But recently it has become her new wake-up time.

C. Over time, Vitiello says, sleep patterns simply change.

D. Statistics indicate that restless night is bad to our health.

E. As people age, the body changes in all sorts of predictable ways.

F. Too much work and pressure in life often cause you to wake up earlier.

G. Changes in the brain can be associated with a number of types of dementia.