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题型:阅读选择 题类:常考题 难易度:困难

山东省济宁市鱼台县2019届九年级上学期英语期中考试试卷

阅读理解

    What was discovered by accident? The answer is penicillin(青霉素). It kills germs. By killing germs, it saves lives. Suppose you are sick. You go to a doctor. She examines you. She says you have a "staph" infection(葡萄球菌感染). She gives you some medicine. You take it. The medicine knocks out the staph. Soon you are well. Before penicillin, this would not happen. Staph was almost sure death.

    Everyone wanted a medicine. Laboratories worked day and night. They grew the staph in small dishes. Then they tried to kill it. Nothing worked.

    The laboratory dishes had covers on them. They kept things from falling into dishes. Molds(霉菌)were a big worry. They are always in the air. You can't see them. They're too small .There are thousands of different molds. Molds can make an experiment (实验)fail. That's why dishes are covered.

    Dr. Alexander Fleming was working to kill the staph germ. He worked for years. One day he took a cover off a dish. He looked inside. There was a thick growth of staph germ. There was also some mold. Then he saw something strange. Where the mold was, there was no growth of staph. This is what Fleming probably thought. "By accident, I found a mold to kill the dreaded staph."

    This is how penicillin was found. But here's the real miracle(奇迹). There are thousands of kinds of molds. But only one kind can kill staph. The mold must have fallen into the dish a few days before. The cover was probably off only a few seconds(秒). In those few seconds the right mold fell into the right dish. Another mall might have thrown the dish away. But Fleming was very careful and smart. He understood what the mold did. How lucky the humans were!

(1)、During the experiments to find a medicine for staph infections,    
A、the dishes were not covered B、staph and mold were put together C、mold was kept in small dishes D、staph was grown in small dishes
(2)、The word "dreaded" means "         ".
A、famous B、scary C、health D、endangered
(3)、The last paragraph suggests that         .
A、accidents happen to everyone B、the careful person does not have accidents C、the careless person will miss valuable chances D、luck is enough when doing scientific experiments
(4)、This passage is mainly about         ?
A、medicine for a staph infection B、useful accidents C、Dr. Fleming's research D、discovering penicillin
举一反三
   It's important to learn about protecting our environment. Here is a 5R rule for us:
   1. Reduce
   If you want to reduce waste, you should use things wisely. Millions of trees are being cut down to make paper. If everyone uses a little paper carelessly and throw it out, soon we would not have any trees left. Other things are also being wasted, and people don't know what to do with the waste in big cities. So it is necessary to reduce the waste
   2. Reuse
   You should always think of reusing the usable things before throwing them out. Give your clothes you do not use or the ones which are too small to the poor. With a family, you may pass on such clothes to younger brothers or sisters.
   3.  Recycle
   Bottles, cans and paper can easily be recycled. By doing so, we save lots of time and money. For example, coke cans are sent to a factory, where they are smashed flat(压平)and melted (融化) and the melted things are made for new coke cans.
   4.  Recover
   When you buy a box of apples, there may be a few rotten(腐烂的)apples. You have two choices: one is to throw the whole apple away, or you could cut off the rotten parts and eat the good parts. In this way, you are recovering the eatable parts of food.
   5.  Repair
   If one of the legs of your table is broken, you can repair it instead of throwing it away. If you want to change for better ones, It is better for you to sell the old things or give them to other people who can use them after doing some repair. It is true that North America is a   “throw-away” society(社会). But the time has come to change our way of life so that we can protect our environment. Every one of us should try our best.

阅读下列短文,从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Is there intelligent life on other planets? For years, scientists said "no" or "we don't know." But today this is changing. Seth Shostak and Alexandra Barnett are astronomers (天文学家). They believe intelligent life exists somewhere in the universe. They also think we will soon contact these beings.

Why do Shostak and Barnett think intelligent life exists on other planets? The first reason is time.Scientists believe the universe is about 12 billion years old."This is long enough for other planets to have intelligent life, “say Shostak and Barnett.The second reason is size—the universe is huge.“Tools like the Hubble Telescope(哈勃望远镜)have shown that there age at least 100 billion galaxies,”says Shostak.“And our galaxy,the Milky Way,has at least 100 billion stars.Some planets going around these stars might be similar to Earth.”

In the past,it was hard to took for signs of intelligent life in the universe,But now. powerful telescopes(高倍望远镜)allow scientists to discover smaller planets—the size of Mars or Earth—in other solar systems.These planets might have intelligent life.

    Have beings from space already visited Earth?“Probably not.”says Shostak.“It's a long way away.However,intelligent beings may contact us in other way,such as radio signals.In fact,they may be trying to communicate with us now,but we don't have the right tools to receive their messages.However,this is changin9.By 2025,we could make contact with other life forms in our universe and we might help each other.”

阅读理解

    Some researchers explain how most people form their social groups with people of their age. Especially, as children and teenagers, even adults, people make their friends based on proximity (邻近) more than anything else. Even in a college classroom, the students may not make friends with those who have similar personalities and interests. It's the people they really sit next to. Clearly, who stands to you has the greatest influence on you. As Jim Rohn has widely said. "You are average (平均) of five people you spend the most little with."

    Over the past ten months, I've paid Ryan, it Famous writer of several bestselling books, to help with the book I'm writing. Working with him has shown me just how low my standards for my work are. For example, every time I send him a drab (草稿), he shows me how it could     be 10 times better, and he holds me to that standard.

      ▲   It's because that I don't know what I don't know. Working with Ryan has made me realize what is possible and what it takes to create something powerful.

    Like Ryan, my business partner Richard has wonderful ideas and far different experience than I have. He has written 36 New York Times Bestsellers. He's been speaking and doing events for 20 years. Richard always performs at high levels, and he is also very strict with me because my performance is a reflection (反映) on him. It's not a bad thing because it creates high pressure (压力) to help me make great progress in organizing author training.

    In a word, you need to stay with those people who can help you realize your level and potential. Staying with people who have higher standards is the fastest way for you to change. If you don't change your environment, your progress will be very slow. Who you stay with has huge importance. You can't ignore this.

阅读理解

Why Do People Blink (眨眼) Their Eyes?

    People blink their eyes tens of thousands of times every day. Scientists have long believed blinking was an involuntary movement and served mainly to keep the eyeballs wet. But a new study suggests it has a more important purpose.

    An international team of scientists from the University of California at Berkeley studied the blinking of human eyelids. The journal Current Biology published their findings. The team said they found that blinking "repositions our eyeballs so we can stay focused" on what we are seeing. They said that when we blink our eyelids, the eyes roll back into their sockets—the bony area that surrounds and protects the eyes. However, the researchers found the eyes don't always return to the same position (位置). They said this causes the brain to tell the eye muscles (肌肉) to reorganize our eyesight.

    Gerrit Maus is the lead writer of the report. He serves as an assistant professor of psychology at Nanyang Technological University in Singapore. Maus said, "Our eye muscles are quite sluggish (迟缓的) and imprecise (不精确的), so the brain needs to constantly adapt (改编) its motor signals to make sure our eyes are pointing where they should be. Our findings suggested that the brain measures the difference in what we see before and after a blink, and orders the eye muscles to make the needed corrections." The researchers said that without such corrections our surroundings would appear unclear and even jumpy. They said the movement acts "like a steadicam (摄影稳定器) of the mind."

    The researchers said they asked volunteers to sit in a dark room while storing at a small dot on a flat surface. They used special cameras to follow the volunteer's blinks and eye movements. After each blink, the dot was moved one centimeter to the right. The volunteers did not notice this, but the brain did. It followed the movement and directed the eye muscles to refocus on the dot. After the dot was moved in this way 30 times, the volunteers' eyes changed their focus to the place where they predicted it would be.

    Professor Maus said. "Even though the volunteers did not consciously register that the dot had moved, their brains did, and adjusted (调整)with the corrective eye movements. These findings add to our understanding of how the brain constantly adapts to (适应) changes directing our eye muscles to correct for errors in our bodies' own hardware."

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