阅读理解 If you put your history notes under your pillow and sleep on them the night before an exam, will you do any better in the exam? Most of us have hoped this might help. However, knowledge can'...

题型：阅读选择题类：常考题难易度：普通

浙江省绍兴市柯桥区六校联盟2018-2019学年八年级上学期英语期中考试试卷

阅读理解

If you put your history notes under your pillow and sleep on them the night before an exam, will you do any better in the exam? Most of us have hoped this might help. However, knowledge can't go through the pillow into your brain. But that doesn't mean you can't learn while you are asleep.

Scientists aren't exactly sure how it works, but they have discovered that the brain can learn things during sleeping hours.

In one experiment, researchers gave German speakers some Dutch words to learn. Then, they divide them into three groups. The researchers played the Dutch words for people in Group 1 while they were asleep, without telling these German speakers what they were doing. The sound was low. So it didn't wake them up, and only the newly introduced words were used.

Another group listened to the same words while they were awake. The researchers found the people in Group 1 were better able to identify and translate the words later. This was true only for the words that were played while they slept. The third group listened to words when they walked. The walkers didn't have the same success remembering the words as the sleeping group.

The researchers later found that people had more slow wave(慢波的) brain activity all over the night. They said that more slow waves made people have a better memory for the new words.

（1）、When did the researchers play foreign words for people in Group 1 in the experiment?

A、Before they went for a walk. B、Before they went to bed. C、When they were asleep. D、When they were having dinner.

（2）、What does the underlined word "identify" mean in Chinese?

A、提高 B、辨认出 C、隐藏 D、逃避

（3）、The last two paragraphs tell us the experiment's

A、results B、reasons C、influence D、purpose

（4）、Which of the following is TRUE?

A、Scientists think people can't learn during sleeping hours. B、German speakers enjoy learning Dutch words. C、Slow-wave brain activity can help people have a good sleep. D、People in Group 3 didn't remember the words as well as those in Group 1.

（5）、Where is the passage most probably from?

A、A history textbook. B、A science magazine. C、A travel newspaper. D、A modern novel.

举一反三

Dreams are expressions of thoughts, feelings and events that pass through our mind while we are sleeping. Everybody dreams. But only some people remember their dreams. Our dreams often include all the senses—smells, sounds, sights, tastes and things we touch. We dream in colour. Sometimes we dream the same dream over and over again. These repeated dreams are often unpleasant. They may even be nightmares—bad dreams that frighten us.
Early in the twentieth century, two famous scientists developed their personal ideas about dreams. Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud published a book called “The Interpretation(诠释) of Dreams” in 1900. Freud believed people often dream about things they want but can't have. These dreams often have something to do with sex and aggression(侵犯). Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung worked closely with Freud for several years, but he believed dreams could help people grow and understand themselves. He believed dreams provide solutions(解答) to problems we face when we are awake. He didn't believe dreams hide our feelings about sex or aggression. Today we know more about the science of dreaming because researchers can take pictures of people's brains while they are sleeping.
Other researchers are studying how dreaming helps our bodies work with problems and very sad emotions(感情). Robert Stickgold is a professor of psychiatry at Harvard University in Massachusetts. Doctor Stickgold says that when we dream, the brain is trying to make sense of the world. He does not agree with Sigmund Freud that dreaming is the way we express our hidden feelings and desires(愿望).
Scientists believe it is important to keep researching dreams. Doctor Stickgold says it has been more than one hundred years since Sigmund Freud published his important book about dreaming. Yet there is still no agreement on exactly how the brain works when we are dreaming or why we dream.

    Do you kow that animals have love for each other and their children just like us humans? Let me tell you some moving stories of great animal parents.
    Several years ago a heavy rain hit a town and made the river go up. When the rain stopped, people found that a dog swam to an island in the river twice a day for two weeks. Why did she do so? Her four children were there. The mother swam there every day to feed her babies. This true story moved many people.
    Another story is about chimpanzees(猩猩). A scientist named Jane Goodall spent 4 years living with chimpanzees in Africa. She found that chimpanzees also cared for those that were hurt or got lost. “It is not only humans who have duties, animals also do,” she said.
    Two birds in Chengdu also showed their parental(父母的) love. Their baby was hurt and fell on the street in the center of the city. Cars were driving past but the brave parents rushed down to the road and took the little bird away with their claws(爪子).

根据短文内容，从每小题A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
   There are many unusual hotels around the world. In Greenland, there is a hotel made out of ice, open between April and December every year. In Turkey, there is a cave hotel with a television, furniture, and a bathroom in each room. And in Bolivia, there is the Salt Palace Hotel.
Thousands of years ago, the area around the Salt Palace Hotel was a large lake. But over time, all the water disappeared. Today, the area has only two small lakes and two salt deserts.
   The larger of the two deserts, the Uyuni salt desert, is 12,000 square kilometers. During the day, the desert is bright white because of the salt. There are no roads across the Uyuni desert, so local people must show guests the way to the hotel.
   In the early 1990s, a man named Juan Quesada built the hotel. He cut big blocks (块) of salt from the desert and used the blocks to build it. Everything in the hotel is made out of salt: the walls, the roof, the tables, the chairs, the beds, and the hotel's bar.
   The sun heats the walls and roof during the day. At night the desert is very cold, but the rooms stay warm. The hotel has 12 rooms. A single room costs＄40 a night, and a double room costs＄60.
   A sign on the hotel's wall tells guests, “ Please don't lick the walls－it doesn't taste good!”

阅读下面短文, 从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Harmful microbes like bacterias, viruses and other germs are pathogens. They may enter your bodies and make you ill. The immune system is the body's defence system that protects you from illness and disease caused by the pathogens.

The immune system is made up of non﹣specialized defences such as skin, tears and the acidic juice produced by the stomach, keeping you from the pathogens. It also has some highly specialized defences, which are different kinds of immune cells, grouped into phagocytes and lymphocytes. Phagocytes are a type of white blood cell. They are swimming around in your blood stream, always on the lookout for antigens﹣the pathogens that have entered your bodies. Whenever they see one, their will eat it. However, some antigens are hard to find and kill. Then lymphocytes, which are also white blood cells and the main types are B cells, T helper cells and T killer cells, Will be the killers of the sneaky antigens.

B cells, T helper and T killer cells work together to find and kill these antigens. B cells produce substances, called antibodies, which stick to the antigen. When that happens, it will tell the T helper cells to come over and either: 1. help the B cells kill the antigen, or 2. call the phagocytes or T killer cells to move in for the kill. Once a B cell or a T cell attacks an antigen, they create cells to "remember" it. Those "memory cells" hang out in your blood if they see the same antigen again, they quickly recognize, it so your immune system can act faster at killing it.

The immune system is more powerful than you probably imagine. Scientists from the University of Pennsylvania recently took immune cells from three patients with leukemia, then genetically changed them into "serial Keller "cells to attack cancer cells. The study was small but the results were groundbreaking. The modified immune cells increased at least 1, 000 times in the body and killed all the cancer cells. Therefore, more "memory cells" were created.

The immune system can be developed. Eating lean protein food （beef, beans ）and food rich in vitamins A, C, and E（sweet potatoes, carrots ）, taking a 30﹣minute walk every day and reducing your stress levels, etc. will help you achieve it.

阅读理解

Have you ever imagined going to other countries without your paper Passport? That will soon come true. And your paper passport will become history. You may use their new kind of passport

It's reported that Australia will be the first country to use the cloud passport. With the cloud passport, you don't have to take a paper passport with you all the time. The cloud passport will have your name, photos and other information. And if you go to other countries, you can just check the information on the computer.

When you take a paper passport with you, you might lose it. But with the cloud passport, you don't have to worry about that.

Do you think the cloud passport is a great idea? Perhaps you will have it in the future, too.

阅读下面材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项

Uber (优步) announced that it plans to invest (投资)20 million in developing an aircraft in France over the next five years.

It will open a new research and development center in Paris﹣its first technology hub outside of North America. "France is a perfect home for our next step forward with its strong history of research and development, world class engineers and a unique role in aviation (航空) worldwide," Uber said in a statement.

Uber already has R & D offices in Pittsburgh, Toronto, and San Francisco. They focus mainly on Uber's self﹣driving technology, but have also been working on Uber's Elevate flying car program.

The Advanced Technologies Center in Paris will open later this year and only focus on flying cars. It will conduct research into airspace management, real﹣time communication networks, energy storage, and charging systems.

Uber's announcement, made at a tech meeting in Paris, has been supported by French President Emanuel Macron, whose ambitious economic reforms are to attract more foreign investment.

The company also announced a five-year research partnership with Ecole Polytechnique, a leading French institute of technology.

Uber has been working on its flying car program since 2016. NASA became a partner for the program a year later by developing air traffic management for a fleet of flying cars.

Uber expects flight to become a daily part of our transportation lives. The company believes it can offer rides in flying cars for about the same price as an Uber X ride. This technology may completely change our transportation lives in the future.

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