题型：任务型阅读 题类：常考题 难易度：普通
安徽省黄山市徽州区第一中学2018-2019学年高二上学期英语开学考试试卷
Are Your Clothes Causing Pollution? Very small pieces of plastic, called microfibers, are polluting rivers and oceans. Clothes worn for outdoor activities and exercise are often made of artificial material, which is useful in keeping warm. But they contain very small plastic fibers, which may also be harming the environment when you wash them. When people wash these clothes, very small pieces go down the drain （下水道） with the wash water.
Pollution caused by plastic is not new，but recent studies have shown the effect of microfibers in the environment.
Studies show very small microfibers are ending up in our waters，which may come from waste water treatment factories. A 2015 study found them in fish from California.
Microfibers, effect on food supplies.
Beyond the waterways，the researchers say microfibers may end up in soil and agricultural lands. This means there is much to be learned about microfibers and the environment. Some studies have shown that microfibers end up inside sea animals，like oysters. Researchers say that the fibers tend not to move into the tissue of the fish，but it needs more study.
Steps to save or keep microfibers from the environment.
Until more information becomes known，there are steps to take to reduce the amount of microfibers in the environment. People should use less of the artificial materials. If we already have those in our lives and we're using them，an important step would be washing them less. A bag is being designed in which to wash these clothes. It traps the microfibers in the bag and it may be available for purchase soon.
A. New technology may also help.
B. Studies on microfibers in the environment.
C. They can also move around the atmosphere.
D. Studies on how much of the microfibers is released.
E. The source of these microfibers may surprise you: your clothes.
F. Washing machines keep microfibers from escaping with wash water.
G. So if these microfibers have been found in fish and seafood, are they safe to eat?
The average computer user has between 5 and 15 username/password combinations to log in different kinds of accounts. Some demand you use a specific number of symbols and digits, while others require you to change your password every 60 days. The feeling of confusion resulting from memorizing these login information has grown so common that it actually has a name: password fatigue(疲劳).
Having to remember so many different passwords is annoying, but it can also be dangerous. Because it is virtually impossible to remember a unique password for each of these accounts, many people leave handwritten lists of usernames and passwords on or next to their computers.
{#blank#}1{#/blank#} While these practices make it easier to remember login information, they also make it easier for thieves to hack into accounts.
Single Sign-On (SSO) confirmation and password management software can help solve this problem. With SSO, users only need to remember one password to log in to the main system.
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} SSO software is typically used by large companies, schools, or libraries.
{#blank#}3{#/blank#} If a user loses or forgets the password required to log in to SSO software, the user will then lose access to all of the applications linked to the SSO account. Users who rely on password management software face the same problems.
Although most websites or network systems allow users to recover or change lost passwords by providing email addresses or answering a prompt（提示）, this process can waste time and cause further frustration. What is more, recovering a forgotten password is only a temporary solution.
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Some computer scientists have suggested computers rely on biometrics(生物测定学). {#blank#}5{#/blank#} The use of biometrics raises questions concerning privacy and can also be expensive to practice.
Software engineers and computer security experts are still searching for the cure to password fatigue. Until they find the perfect solution, however, everyone will simply have to rely on the password system currently in place.
A. It does not address the larger problem of password fatigue. B. These software programs have been built into many major web browsers C. The problem with password management software makes users feel powerless. D. The SSO software then automatically logs the user in to other accounts within the system. E. However, SSO confirmation and password management software also have drawbacks. F. This is a method of recognizing human users based on unique traits, such as fingerprints, voice, or DNA. G. Others solve this problem by using the same password for every account or using extremely simple passwords. |
This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing． Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of what's happening around them． They can seem forgetful and clumsy{#blank#}1{#/blank#}They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things．But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history{#blank#}2{#/blank#}Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool?First, understand that some opportunities(机会) for daydreaming are better than others． Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams．{#blank#}3{#/blank#}And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you're daydreaming, try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple, like taking a shower or walking, or even making meaningless drawings．It's also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concerntrate． “Mindfulness”, being focused, is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep．{#blank#}4{#/blank#}Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away．{#blank#}5{#/blank#}Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds．
A. Having interesting things to think about also helps． |
B. They stare off into space and wander by themselves． |
C. Without wandering minds, we wouldn't have relatively, Coke or Post-it notes． |
D. At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses． |
E. It involves slow, steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive． |
F. Daydreams are often very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard to understand． |
G. Therefore, it's a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you're in the daydream zone． |
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A. You can't order every delicious dish on the menu. B. Unfortunately, people often find it hard to make decisions. C. Don't count on emotion to make decisions. D. You may regret making such a stupid decision. E. Maybe you wish to consult with your advisor. F. Don't spend too much time thinking. G. It is an important source of information. |
We all have to make decisions all the time, and we have an abundance of choices, ranging from tiny issues to vital ones. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} That means the skill of good decision-making counts a lot. If you would like to improve your skill of decision making, here are four suggestions for you.
Don't expect to have it all.
Decisions force us to close the door on other possibilities. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} And there will be paths not taken, careers not chosen, to name a few. You can imagine some "what if" situations if you must, but do not let them take up too much space in your brain.
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It's often good to think through your decisions. But don't overdo it. Research can reach a point where returns begin to reduce, which makes it confusing more than clarifying. Many good decisions can be made based as much on intuition (直觉) as on careful assessment of endless data.
Don't delay making decisions.
Yes, there is a time to put off making a decision. Perhaps you need more information. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Or it's likely that you wait for a less stressful time. Just don't wait so long that the decision is made by your own indecisiveness.
Don't be hard on yourself.
You decide to go on a voyage. You choose an expensive liner. Everything should work out just right. Only you didn't expect a bug that ran around on the ship, making you and your family sick for five days. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} But please remember it is unavoidable sometimes.
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