题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:困难
广东省广州市荔湾区2018-2019学年度高二上学期英语期末考试试卷
Social Phobia
It is natural to feel nervous, or shy in front of others at times. Most people manage to get through these moments when they need to. It's probably more than shyness. It may build up into a powerful fear. As a result, people feel uncomfortable participating in everyday social activities. This is called social phobia (also called social anxiety).
It prevents them from chatting with friends in the lunch time, joining an after-school club, or going to a party. Sometimes, they even feel too nervous to ask a question in class or go to a teacher for help. Social phobia not only prevents people from trying new things. It also prevents them from making the normal, everyday mistakes that may help people improve their skills even further
It is really sad, isn't it? But the good news is that people with social phobia can learn to manage fear, develop confidence and communicating skills and stop avoiding things that make them nervous. Of course it's not always easy. Dealing with social phobia takes the willingness patience and courage to face fears.
Therapists (治疗师) can help people create a plan for facing social fears and build the skills and confidence to overcome it. And family or friends are especially important for them. They can encourage them to pick a small goal to aim for, remind them to go for it, and be there when they might feel discouraged.
Little by little, someone who decides to deal with extreme shyness can learn to be more comfortable. As shyness and fears begin to melt, confidence and positive feelings build. Pretty soon, the person is thinking less about what might feel uncomfortable and more about what might be fun.
A. Friends can overcome their fears easily.
B. But for someone, the anxiety can be extreme.
C. They are not able to make eye contact with classmates.
D. Social phobia makes people lonely or disappointed over missed opportunities.
E. Each small step forward helps build enough confidence to take the next small step.
F. It also takes an action to go forward rather than back away when feeling shy.
G. The support from those key people helps them gather the courage to try something new.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rushing into business. Firms of all types are using AI to forecast demand, hire workers and deal with customers. The McKinsey Global Institute, a think-tank within a consultancy, forecasts that just applying AI to marketing, sales and supply chains could create economic value of $2.7trn over the next 20 years.
Such grand forecasts fuel anxiety as well as hope. Less familiar, but just as important, is how AI will transform the workplace.
Start with the benefits.AI ought to improve productivity. Humanyze, a people analytics software provider, combines data from its badges(工牌)with employees' calendars and e-mails to work out, say, whether office layouts favour teamwork .Slack, a workplace messaging app, helps managers assess how quickly employees accomplish tasks. Companies will see when workers are not just dozing off but also misbehaving.
Employees will gain, too. Thanks to advance in computer vision, AI can check that workers are wearing safety equipment and that no one has been harmed on the factory floor. Some will appreciate more feedback on their work and welcome a sense of how to do better.
Machines can help ensure that pay rises and promotions go to those who deserve them. That starts with hiring. People often have biases but algorithms(算法), if designed correctly, can be more unprejudiced. Software can flag patterns that people might miss.
Yet AI's benefits will come with many potential drawbacks. Algorithms may not be free of the biases of their programmers, which can have unintended consequences. The length of a travel may predict whether an employee will quit a job, but this focus may harm poorer applicants. Older staff might work more slowly than younger ones and could risk losing their positions if all AI looks for is productivity. And surveillance(监控)may feel Orwellian—a sensitive matter now that people have begun to question how much Facebook and other tech giants know about their private lives.
As regulators and employers weigh the pros and cons of AI in the workplace, three principles ought to guide its spread. First, data should be anonymized where possible. Microsoft, for example, has a product that shows individuals how they manage their time in the office, but gives managers information only in aggregated(整合)form. Second, the use of AI ought to be transparent. Employees should be told what technologies are being used in their workplaces and which data are being gathered. As a matter of routine, algorithms used by firms to hire, fire and promote should be tested for bias and unintended consequences. Last, countries should let individuals request their own data, whether they are ex-workers wishing to contest a dismissal or jobseekers hoping to demonstrate their ability to prospective employers.
The march of Al into the workplace calls for trade-offs between privacy and performance. A fairer, more productive workforce is a prize worth having, but not if it chains employees. Striking a balance will require thought, a willingness for both employers and employees to adapt and a strong dose of humanity.
AI Spy | |
Passage outline | Supporting details |
Introduction | While its future in business is full of {#blank#}1{#/blank#}, AI affects the workplace negatively. |
Advantages of AI | ·AI makes business more productive by analyzing the office layout, assessing the employees' working efficiency and {#blank#}2{#/blank#} their behavior. ·AI can {#blank#}3{#/blank#} employees' safety and provide feedback for them to better themselves. ·AI helps businesses hire more suitable employees and develop a better {#blank#}4{#/blank#} of promotion and pay rise. |
Potential drawbacks of AI | ·Undesirable results may arise due to the biases of the programmers. ·Poorer applicants and older staff are at a {#blank#}5{#/blank#} ·Employees' privacy is {#blank#}6{#/blank#} in the age of AI. |
Principles{#blank#}7{#/blank#} AI's spread | ·Keep the data anonymous when they are gathered and used. {#blank#}8{#/blank#} employees of technologies used in the workplace and test the algorithms to avoid undesirable results. {#blank#}9{#/blank#} employees to access data for their own sake. |
Summary | Only when employees and employers are {#blank#}10{#/blank#} to adapt and respect each other, can AI make workplace fairer and more productive. |
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