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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:困难

广东省深圳市耀华实验学校2017-2018学年高二上学期英语期中考试试卷(实验班)

阅读理解

    Wrist watches are regarded as a tool to tell the time. At first, watches were created as women's decorative bracelets (手镯). At the same time, men used pocket watches. The first men's wrist watch was available in 1904. A pilot called Alberto Santos-Dumont personally asked a watchmaker to create a wrist watch to use on flights. Soon after that, men's wrist watches were available on the market. Since then, watches have been considered fashionable accessories for men, and watchmakers have started to make men's fashion watches.

    At present, watches are not indispensable to tell the time for most people have cell phones which have watch functions. But a new market has been created for wrist watches, which are not only used to tell the time, but also as important fashion statement pieces.

    Generally speaking, watches for formal occasions are beautifully made and more like pieces of jewelry than watches. Men's watches for informal and semi-formal events include simple, slim designs and large-and-thick-sized styles. Nowadays, men usually don't follow any specific style of dress for watches, and the luxury brands of the expensive and strongly made sports watches have made them believe that they look more stylish because of their high prices. Some of the fashion watches have a diamond and some others are completely decorated with precious stones such as diamonds.

    Men's watches also have many advanced functions. For example, the dual-time watches for travelers make them know the time in most other countries as well as the time in their home if they are abroad.

In a word, a men's watch is one of the few accessories for men's cupboard. Men can choose their most suitable watches to go with their personal taste.

(1)、According to the first paragraph, the first men's wrist watch _________.
A、was used by a pilot on flights B、was not only a tool to tell the time C、was viewed as a symbol of fashion D、was created as a decorative bracelet
(2)、What does the underlined word "indispensable" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A、necessary B、useful C、dependable D、popular
(3)、What can we learn from the passage?
A、Men's pocket watches came after men's wrist watches. B、Those touring abroad will find a dual-time watch useful. C、Watches with advanced functions are always expensive. D、Men's watches for informal occasions appear like jewels.
(4)、Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage?
A、The Brief History of Men's Watches B、Advanced Functions of Men's Watches C、Men's Watches—Fashion Statement Pieces D、How to Choose a Stylish Men's Watch
举一反三
根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Most damagingly, anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour. The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.

    Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated. We no longer regard duels(决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.

    Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG(脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal(额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even­handed disposition(意向) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and, as a result of this, we're likely to react. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.

    Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious. But anger is an exception to this pattern. The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensiveanger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger. This approach­and­confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry(不对称) of EEG activity. Interestingly, this asymmetry lessens if the angry person can experience empathy(同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensiveanger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger­inspiring situation.

阅读理解

    Instagram is a fast, beautiful and fun way to share your life with friends and family. Take a picture or video, choose a filter(修图) to transform its look and feel, and then post to Instagram— it's that easy. You can even share to Facebook, Twitter and more.It's a new way to see the world. So many photos of food are contained on Instagram— now a pop-up diner in London is taking advantage of this new trend by letting people settle the bill for their meals simply by uploading photos of their dishes to social networks.

    I always thought people's taking pictures of their food was kind of silly, but at this new pop-up restaurant in the UK, I'd probably do it too. “The Picture House” is the world's first pay-by-photo restaurant. You order, click a photo of the food, share on Instagram and eat for free!

    The restaurant belongs to frozen food giant(巨人) Birds Eye, who came up with the idea to cash in on people's addiction with photographing food and sharing the pictures online. They conducted a survey and found out that more than half of the British population regularly took pictures of their meals.So they realized it was a better way to advertise their new dining range.

    The pop-up diner was open in Soho, London for three days in May, and is now moving to other major UK cities. They serve two-course meals that customers don't have to pay for, if they photo and Instagram it.

    The restaurant is a part of Birds Eye's “Food for Life” campaign, a new marketing project that aims at changing the way people look at frozen food. “Taking photos of food enables people to show off and to share their mealtime moments—from the everyday to the special, ”said marketing director Margaret Jobling.

    The reaction to the Picture House has been great so far. And the pay-by-picture concept has proven to be an effective way. Alternative payment methods are actually gaining popularity among a lot of businesses. Last year in a cafe in Germany customers pay by how much time they spend there, not by what they eat.

阅读理解

    Good health is the most valuable thing a person can have but one cannot take good health for granted. It is important to remember that the body needs proper care in order to be healthy. There are three things that a person can do to help stay in good shape, eat right food, get enough sleep, and exercise regularly.

    Proper nutrition is important for good health. Your body cannot work well unless it receives the proper kind "fuel". Don't eat too much food with lots of sugar and fat, eat plenty of foods high in protein, like meat, fish, eggs and nuts. Vegetables and fruits are very important because they provide necessary vitamins and minerals. However, don't overeat It is not helpful to be overweight

    Getting the proper amount of sleep is also important. If you don't get enough sleep, you feel tired and easily get angry. You have no energy. Over a long period of time a little amount of sleep may even result in a change of personality(人的个性).Be sure to allow yourself from seven to nine hours of sleep each. If you do, your body will feel strong and refreshed, and your mind will be sharp.

    Finally, get plenty of exercise. Exercise firms the body, strengthens the muscles, and prevents you from gaining weight. It also improves your heart and lungs. If you follow a regular exercise program, you will probably increase your life-span(寿命). Any kind of exercise is good. Most sports are excellent for keeping the body in good shapes: basketball, swimming, bicycling, running and so on. Sports are not only good for your body, but they are enjoyable and interesting, too.

    If everybody were to eat the right foods, get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly, the world would be a happier and healthier place. We would all live to be much older and wiser.

阅读理解

    Why should mankind explore space? Why should money, time and effort be spent exploring and researching something with so few apparent benefits? Why should resources be spent on space rather than on conditions and people on Earth? These are questions that, understandably, are very often asked.

    Perhaps the best answer lies in our genetic makeup as human beings. What drove our ancestors to move from the trees into the plains, and on into all possible areas and environments? The wider the spread of a species, the better its chance of survival. Perhaps the best reason for exploring space is this genetic tendency to expand wherever possible.

    Nearly every successful civilization has explored, because by doing so, any dangers in surrounding areas can be identified and prepared for. Without knowledge, we may be completely destroyed by the danger. With knowledge, we can lessen its effects.

    Exploration also allows minerals and other potential resources to be found. Even if we have no immediate need of them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resources may be more than physical possessions. Knowledge or techniques have been acquired through exploration. The techniques may have medical applications which can improve the length or quality of our lives. We have already benefited from other spin-offs including improvements in earthquake prediction, in satellites for weather forecasting and in communications systems. Even non-stick pans and mirrored sunglasses are by products(副产品) of technological developments in the space industry!

    While many resources are spent on what seems a small return, the exploration of space allows creative, brave and intelligent members of our species to focus on what may serve to save us. While space may hold many wonders and explanations of how the universe was formed or how it works, it also holds dangers. The danger exists, but knowledge can help human beings to survive. Without the ability to reach out across space, the chance to save ourselves might not exist.

    While Earth is the only planet known to support life, surely the adaptive ability of humans would allow us to live on other planets. It is true that the lifestyle would be different, but human life and cultures have adapted in the past and surely could in the future.

阅读理解

    On April 2, we said goodbye to Tiangong I, China's first space lab. According to the China Manned Space Agency(中国载人航天), Tiangong I re-entered the Earth's atmosphere (大气层)and fell into the South Pacific Ocean.

    There are many spacecraft that are still in orbit above the Earth. They are flying at heights ranging from 300 to 1,000 kilometers. After finishing their trips, they will all re-enter the Earth's atmosphere like Tiangong I.

    There are two types of re-entries:controlled(受控的)re-entry and uncontrolled re-entry.

    Some satellites(卫星)and manned spacecraft come back to the Earth in a controlled re-entry. Scientists calculate(计算)the path of the falling spacecraft and its speed. They can guide the spacecraft to fall in a chosen area. In 2017,Tianzhou I, China's first cargo(货运)spacecraft, was directed to fall in the South Pacific Ocean.

    Some spacecraft may have problems while in space, or are simply no longer usable after a certain amount of time.  These craft come back in an uncontrolled re-entry.  It is hard to tell when and where these spacecraft will fall until the last few hours. The US space station Skylab came back partially uncontrolled in 1979. Parts of the station fell in western Australia, but no one was injured.

    During re-entry, most of the spacecraft will burn up while passing through the Earth's atmosphere. Only a small amount of the debris(碎片)will reach the ground.

    The debris typically ends up falling into the ocean, China Daily reported. Tiangong I weighs about 8.5tons. The amount of debris that falls to the Earth might be about 1 to 1.5 tons, the Beijing News reported.  That is about the same weight as a car.

阅读理解

    “How can we live longer?” many people wonder. Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbors, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equal relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers (鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man's life and two to a woman's, The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.

    Even though the odds are stacked against you (the conditions are not favourable to you), marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn't smoke. There's a less pleasant side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouses; death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.

    So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socioeconomic factor, health-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological mechanisms (机制). For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.

    A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The best social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: “People are interconnected so their health is interconnected.”

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