Our culture is the system we use to build our identity. All living creatures are part of a culture. Even animals have a culture! So what is culture? It's the way we behave in a group. It begins with each individual family. Within our families we do things to build relationships with each other. This can include routines for doing things. It also includes traditions. Traditions are activities that are repeated on a regular basis.

    Culture is not limited to individual family groups. The real strength of culture is in larger community （社会）groups. These larger groups are called societies. Every society makes rules for itself. It decides how people should act in different situations. Some of these rules are written down. Some are just things that are automatically expected of all members of that society. Often, cultures can be identified（识别）by what the people believe. Cultures are also known by what they choose to include in their art. Sometimes a society forms around people who speak the same language. Cultures may also be known for their customs, including the foods they make and the things they do.

    Our cultures help us understand who we are and what we believe. There are very strong emotions（情感）connecting us to our own society. Two different cultures may disagree on something, especially if they both feel strongly about it. When that happens, war is a common result. People are learning better ways to communicate with each other. The more we learn, the more we appreciate the differences in cultures.

    Nowadays, lots of foreigners are learning Chinese. Like many of them, I 1 knew two words of Chinese ("Ni Hao" and "Xie Xie") when I first came to Beijing, China in 2009. As you can guess, my life was 2 for a while after I arrived. Simple tasks like ordering food or taking a taxi were quite stressful.

    I knew I had to learn more Chinese, so I 3 a Chinese class. My teacher was 4, although I didn't learn enough to have a real conversation. Later I studied on my own as well, but my progress was still slow. And I decided to 5.

    Around this time, I started playing in a band with a Chinese man who became one of my best friends in Beijing. He taught me a lot of 6 about music, such as "melody". He learned a lot of English from me in return, so it was a good way to 7 language and culture.

    I have learned enough Chinese to 8 many problems like booking train tickets. These days, there are more foreigners who are studying Chinese. I can 9 why it's an amazing language. Finally, I found that the best way to learn a 10 is to make friends with native speakers and spend time with them.

You must know drug detection dogs*, they always help police a lot. But how about"drug detection squirrels"? Recently, Chongqi ng police have successfully trained* six squirrels to detect drugs. They began their work in early February.

claws Squirrels have a good sense of smell. They can smell food 30 centimeters* under snow. Being so small, they can find drugs in places where dogs may not be able to reach, such as in small or high places. The squirrels are able to use their claws to scratch at boxes to tell the police if they detect drugs, according to Chongqing police.

How to train different kinds of animals? First, the animals need to know the drug's smell very well. The trainers can put pieces of cloth with the drug's smell next to the animals' food. Next, the animals learn to search for the drug in different places, such as from a large number of bags or among people walking in crowds. If the animals successfully detect the drug, the police will"pay"them with food. After training for some time, the animals will have the conditioned reflex and they will be good at looking for drugs.

Robots are helpful to people's lives.They are able {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(help) people with a lot of housework. Also, they can work in restaurants, such as {#blank#}2{#/blank#}(send) food to people. But do you know that some robots can play {#blank#}3{#/blank#}part in repairing railways(修铁路)?

In Japan, engineers {#blank#}4{#/blank#}(build)a very special robot in 2022. The special robot can do difficult and {#blank#}5{#/blank#}(danger) work. In the past, workers sometimes {#blank#}6{#/blank#}(fall) from high places when they repaired railways.However, with the help of this kind of robot, workers  can be safe(安全的) and have more free {#blank#}7{#/blank#}.

Now, this kind of robot helps only in a few {#blank#}8{#/blank#}(place) in Japan. Engineers plan{#blank#}9{#/blank#}(improve) it and put it into full service by early 2024.

Think about what will happen in the future if we also have this kind of robot. I think this must be good news for many railway{#blank#}10{#/blank#}(worker).

Spider monkeys are New World primates(灵长类). They get their names because they have very long limbs(四肢) and tails, which make them look like spiders. They are often seen with their limbs on different branches.

Spider monkeys can be in tropical forests of Central and South America, from southern Mexico to Brazil. They are 35 to 66 centimeters long and weigh 13 to 26 pounds. They have long tails that they use to catch tree branches, kind of like a 5th hand.

Spider monkeys live in groups. One group usually has dozens of spider monkeys. They communicate with each other through screeches (尖叫声). At night, spider monkeys break off into smaller sleeping parties of about half a dozen or fewer. Unlike many other primates, males (雄性) stay together throughout their lives with the females. They leave their first groups to find another group.

When they go out to look for food, spider monkey groups take separate actions in order to avoid competition for it. They mainly eat fruit and nuts. They also eat other things like insects, honey, leaves, spiders and bird eggs. Spider monkeys actually play an important part in the spreading of seeds throughout the South American rain forests. Enemies that they need to keep an eye out for include animals like lions and crocodiles.

Spider monkeys are dying out. Woodcutting, which leads to the loss(丧失) of their natural living places, is playing a big role in their loss. These monkeys are also hunted for food, or to sell as pets. Spider monkeys are actually one of the most popular monkey pets around because of their look and their behavior. We must do something to protect them. After all, such good and interesting monkeys should live with humans for many years to come.

It happens every spring. Flowers come out everywhere on the same day. But how do plants "know" when to flower?

For years, it has been a difficult question for scientists. But a US research group may have finally answered it—the secret lies in a protein(蛋白质)called FKF1. This helps plants to know when the days become long and when they get short. Then they can tell the seasons(季节)are changing.

Researchers found the FKF1 protein when they were studying a plant called Arabidopsis. It is sensitive(敏感的)to sunlight, and can be made active by sunlight.

Plants produce this protein every day in the late afternoon all year. If there is no light at this time, for example, in winter when the sun goes down early, the protein won't be active. But when spring comes and the days get longer, the FKF1 protein can be made active by day light and the plants "know" it is time to flower. " If there is light in the late afternoon, plants will know that the days are getting longer and that it is the best time for flowers to come out,"explained Takato Imaizumi, leader of study. But when conditions are poor for growing, such as during autumn or winter when the weather is cold and days are short, plants won' t flower.

Although researchers have only studied how the FKF1 protein works in the Arabidopsis, they believe that it is the same with many other plants, including crops such as rice and wheat.

"If we can control when flowers come out, we might be able to increase crop production," Imaizumi said.