题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
浙江省温州市新力量联盟2017-2018学年高二下学期期末考试英语试卷
I do think that dieting does not work. What it does do is to make you uneasy about food. Imagine you are prepared to abandon your belief and imagine yourself like a slim person...how do you get there?
Focus on what you really want, not what you don't want. Imagine how you would like to be. See a big picture of yourself, looking fantastic in your bathing suit, how good would you be feeling?
Slim people eat based on how hungry they are and when lunch time or tea time or dinner time around; they don't just fill up their plate because the food is there. The next time hunger pangs (剧痛) strike, imagine you have a scale in your mind from one to ten. Check where you are on that scale before you put something into your mouth. You can also use the scale to judge how full you're getting.
Hunger is the only good reason for eating. Most overweight people have got into the habit of eating when they are not hungry. Many people have forgotten how to eat when they're hungry and most diets tell you to ignore pleasure and ignore hunger and they also tell you when/how much and exactly what to eat.
A. Recognize real hunger B. Don't watch TV or read books while eating. C. One means you're starving; ten means you're not hungry. D. Slim people eat based on how hungry they feel before a meal. E. Exercise is an efficient way of losing weight. F. Start by believing in yourself as a slim person. G. Get that great confident feeling by creating how you would like to be. |
根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Most drinks stating that they are fruit-flavored (水果味道的) contain no fruit at all, while most of the rest contain only a small quantity of fruit, according to a study carried by the British Food Commission.
“Shoppers need to check the labels (标签) before buying drinks, though sometimes the actual content can be non-existent,” said Food Commission spokesperson Ian Tokelove. “Food production is highly competitive. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} It will increase profits, and consumers won't always realize they are being tricked.”
Flavorings are focused on the flavors of natural food products such as fruits, meats and vegetables, or creating flavor for food products that do not have the desired flavors. Researchers analyzed the contents of 28 strawberry-flavored products sold in stores. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Of the 11 products that did contain strawberries, five of them contained less than one percent real fruit. In addition, each juice box contained nearly eight teaspoons of sugar.
{#blank#}3{#/blank#} Let's take jam as an example. Some strawberry-flavored jam was labeled as containing no artificial colors, flavors, or sweeteners, but it contained absolutely no strawberries at all.
{#blank#}4{#/blank#} Consumers have the rights to know clearly about what they have bought. Under current UK law, food packages do not have to distinguish between natural and artificial flavoring. “Describing a product as strawberry flavor and covering the surface of the packet with pictures of strawberries is misleading. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Unfortunatly, it is also legal and widespread,” Tokelove said. “It's time to take measures to protect the consumers' rights.”
A. The products which contain real fruit are popular with people. B. Even products advertised as more natural often contained no fruit. C. They found that about 60 percent of them didn't contain any fruit at all. D. If companies can cut their costs by using flavoring, they are likely to do so. E. It is important and necessary to demand a small amount of flavoring in the products. F. Actually the product contains just a tiny percentage of strawberry or even no fruit at all. G. The Food Commission suggested all flavors used in a product should be listed on the packaging. |
Students in the US and {#blank#}1{#/blank#} | Students in China, Japan and Korean | |
What do they value? | {#blank#}2{#/blank#} | {#blank#}3{#/blank#} goals and purposes |
Ways of study | working individually | listen to the teachers |
forming their own ideas and opinions | memorizing and {#blank#}4{#/blank#} | |
a lot of discussion in the classroom | not much discussion | |
{#blank#}5{#/blank#} | Learning to think for themselves | learning much more math and {#blank#}6{#/blank#} by the end of high {#blank#}7{#/blank#} |
studying more hours each day and more days each year | ||
good for a society that values {#blank#}8{#/blank#} ideas. | good for a society valuing {#blank#}9{#/blank#} and self-control | |
disadvantages | students haven't memorized many basic rules and facts when before {#blank#}10{#/blank#} | Information is forgotten easily |
Most people have some regret that they just can't seem to get rid of. But holding on to regret about the past that can't be changed can have a bad impact on the possibility of a happy future. Regret is a waste of time, emotion and energy. To make sure that your life is a successful one, you need to take action to live in a way that you have no regret holding you back.
Some people make very big decisions with very little consideration at all, and as a result they often regret their decisions. Before choosing a college major, getting married or accepting a job, you must think about all conditions carefully and make a conscious decision rather than a careless one. Big decisions aren't the only ones that require forethought, though. Before you become angry and say something you will regret later, think about what you're going to say.
Some of things will be easy to do and some will be hard, but keep your eyes on the prize of living a successful life without regret, and you'll find that achieving your goals might be easier than you think. But don't just daydream about those goals—make an actual list, written down in black and white, and refer to it now and then to see what you have left to do.
When you're feeling happy and full of energy, taking care of yourself isn't a problem. But in those days when you feel like crawling beneath the bed and never coming out again, you still must take care of yourself. You can do what you want and don't get angry with yourself about your shortcomings. On the contrary, you just admit them and try to change them and move on. Improving your mental health is just as important as taking care of yourself physically.
Keep those who are important to you very close and be sure to let them know how important they are to you. Family, friends, co-workers and people who are as close as your families are your lifelines that you can depend on whenever you need them to help you remember what's important in life. You should make sure of repairing your relationships with your friends if something bad happens.
Last but not least, learn to give yourself some relaxation and not to waste your time regretting things you cannot change. Treat those things properly and move on. Life is hard, but it is precious. Don't waste time regretting the past, or your future will get here before you know it.
Title: Living without regret | ||
Theme | Regret is a {#blank#}1{#/blank#} part of life. What you should do is to take action to make you life a success without regret. | |
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} for getting rid of regret | ▲Regret about the past can greatly {#blank#}3{#/blank#} your possible happy future. ▲Regret wastes time, emotion and energy. | |
{#blank#}4{#/blank#} | {#blank#}5{#/blank#} twice before you act. | ▲ Take everything into careful {#blank#}6{#/blank#} before making decisions or say something. |
{#blank#}7{#/blank#} the things you want to do. | ▲Focus your eyes on the things which will bring you happiness. ▲Put your goals into {#blank#}8{#/blank#}. | |
Take care of yourself. | Make sure that you are in good {#blank#}9{#/blank#} both physically and mentally. | |
Keep close relationships. | Keep close to those who are important to you. | |
Don't care about small things. | Don't regret things that are {#blank#}10{#/blank#} and treasure the present-day life. |
注意:每个空格只填1个单词。
The 17th-century French tragedian Pierre Corneille wrote: The manner of giving is worth more than the gift”. He had a point, according to Charles Spence, head of Crossmodal Research Laboratory at the University of Oxford.
The professor's work focuses on how our brains sense the world around us. His research has shown that high-frequency sounds and curved shapes seem to increase the sweetness wine tastes better if it is accompanied by the popping sound of a cork and drunk from all these created multisensory experiences.
So, what's his advice if you want to impress this holiday season?
Bulk it up hide
“We've just published research on eating a box of chocolates,” Mr Spence said. “If you are 30-gram weight in a box of chocolates, that weight translates to a significant increase perceived(感知)quality of the chocolate.”
There are exceptions, but the association between weight and the perception of luxury(奢侈)applies to many items including tableware, perfume(香水)and wine, Mr. Spence said. “That's why in a restaurant, a waiter might artfully give you the bottle to weigh in your hand,” he added.
Black is basic
Black is the color most associated with luxury because, Mr. Spence said ,“it seems to be the color that we perceive to be the heaviest.”
Such luxury indications are learned, rather than inborn, so they can change over time. I'm doing a lot of work on transparency(透明) at the moment; high-quality packaged goods should have a transparent window because it suggests freshness or quality,” he said.
But the trend is recent, the professor added, because “traditionally luxury goods used to have nontransparent packaging. I think it has to do with the current desire for originality.”
Layer it on
Unnecessary wrapping(包裹)can be an ecological concern but, when it comes to luxury goods like wine in a presentation case, it does make an impression.
“Tissue layers are really good,” Mr. Spence said, “because the crinkle adds an extra sense to the experience.”
Consider a little perfume in the box or wrapping, and, if you want to involve other senses, work out some way for classical music to be playing when the gift is opened because we associate it with quality.
Engaging several senses at once is beneficial.“ The brain combines the inputs from each sense, both to determine what something is, but also to determine a reward value,”Mr. Spence said. Also, the more stimuli(刺激)to the senses, the more activity is produced in the orbitofrontal cortex, a small part of brain situated just beside the eyes. And the more activity there, the more rewarding something is perceived to be.
You can go too far
“Engaging an extra sense is more effective, but you can potentially have a disagreement if that extra sense doesn't match the others.” the professor said.
passage outline |
Supporting details |
Introduction |
{#blank#}1{#/blank#}a gift is given is more important than the gift itself. |
Research support |
Involvement of different {#blank#}2{#/blank#}may give you hotter experiences. |
{#blank#}3{#/blank#} |
·Increase the {#blank#}4{#/blank#}of a gift: it improves perception of quality and luxury. |
·{#blank#}5{#/blank#}your gifts in black: it's considered to be the heaviest. ·Leave a transparent window in the packaging: people {#blank#}6{#/blank#}to associate it with originality. |
|
·Wrap your gifts with tissue: it gives an extra sense which may {#blank#}7{#/blank#}to the receiver. ·Add perfume or music to the gift: they stimulate the senses of smell and {#blank#}8{#/blank#}. |
|
·Don't go to {#blank#}9{#/blank#}: there is a risk that different senses don't match. |
|
Conclusion |
The thought behind a gift {#blank#}10{#/blank#}. |
Pretending you're someone else can make you creative
One great irony(讽刺) about our collective fascination with creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: We are either "creative" people or we aren't, without much of a middle ground.
Pillay, a tech businessman and Harvard professor has spent a good part of his career destroying these ideas. Pillay believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to dismiss the conventional advice that urges you to "believe in yourself". In fact, you should do the exact opposite: believe you are someone else.
In a recent column for Harvard Business Review, Pillay pointed to a 2016 study showing the impact of stereotypes(刻板印象)on one's behavior. The authors, education psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college student subjects into three categories, instructing the members of one group to think of themselves as "eccentric(古怪的) poets" and the members of another to imagine they were "rigid librarians" (people in the third category, the control group, were left alone for this part). The researchers then presented participants with 10 ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. Those who were asked to imagine themselves as "eccentric poets" came up with the widest range of ideas for the objects, while those in the "rigid librarian" group had the fewest. Meanwhile, the researchers found only small differences in students' creativity levels across academic majors—in fact, the physics majors inhabiting(寄生) the personas(伪装的外表) of "eccentric poets" came up with more ideas than the art majors did.
These results, write Dumas and Dunbar, suggest that creativity is not an individual quality, but a "malleable(可塑的) product of context and perspective." Everyone can be creative, as long as they feel like creative people.
Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that identifying yourself with creativity is less powerful than the creative act of imagining you're somebody else. This exercise, which he calls "psychological halloweenism", refers to the conscious action of inhabiting another persona—an inner costuming of the self. It works because it is an act of "conscious unfocus", a way of positively stimulating the default mode(默认模式) network, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought.
Most of us spend too much time worrying about two things: How successful/unsuccessful we are, and how little we're focusing on the task at hand. The former feeds the latter—an unfocused person is an unsuccessful one, we believe. Thus, we force ourselves into quiet areas, buy noise canceling headphones, and hate ourselves for taking breaks.
What makes Pillay's argument stand out is its healthy, forgiving realism: According to him, most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of "unfocus". This doesn't make us lazy people—it makes us human. The idea behind psychological halloweenism is: What if we stopped judging ourselves for our mental down time, and instead started using it? Putting this new idea on daydreaming means addressing two problems at once: You're making yourself more creative, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about. Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive.
Title: Pretending you're someone else can make you creative
Some misleading ideas about creativity |
●Most of us are {#blank#}1{#/blank#} with the idea that we are either creative or we are not: there doesn't exist a middle ground in between. ●{#blank#}2{#/blank#} to popular belief, Pillay's suggestion is that you should believe you are someone else. |
Dumas and Dunbar's study |
●One group were asked to think of themselves as "eccentric poets", another "rigid librarians" and a third {#blank#}3{#/blank#} as the control group. The former two groups were required to come up with as many different uses as possible for each {#blank#}4{#/blank#} object. ●The level of students'{#blank#}5{#/blank#} is not always in direct proportion to the type of academic majors. ●Therefore, creativity is probably a product of context and perspective rather than something {#blank#}6{#/blank#}. |
Pillay's further study |
●The exercise of "psychological halloweenism" refers to the conscious action of being others by {#blank#}7{#/blank#} stimulating the default mode network. ●Pillay {#blank#}8{#/blank#} firmly to the idea of imaging you're someone else and advises us not to worry about how successful/unsuccessful we are. |
The {#blank#}9{#/blank#}significance of the exercise |
●We should start using it instead of stopping judging ourselves for our mental down time. ●We have every right to {#blank#}10{#/blank#} ourselves for being unfocused because it is not only human but also makes us more creative and productive. |
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