阅读理解 A study of sleep in sparrows suggests the relationship between sleep and the ability to learn may be m...

题型：阅读选择题类：模拟题难易度：普通

江苏省无锡市2018年英语初中毕业升学模拟考试试卷（八）

阅读理解

A study of sleep in sparrows suggests the relationship between sleep and the ability to learn may be more complicated (复杂) than realized．

Niels C. Rattenborg of the University of Wisconsin—Madison wanted to find out how the sparrows were able to deal with getting so much less sleep．He and his team brought eight wild birds into a lab and watched them for one year．They invented a game to check how well the birds could learn．In the game, the sparrows had to peck (啄) three buttons (按钮) in a certain order to get a food treat．The scientists discovered that the birds' ability to learn the right button order depended on (依靠) two things, the time of year and the

amount of sleep the birds had．

During the migration (迁徙) season, the sparrows were restless at night and got much less sleep than usual．Even so, they were able to understand how to get the food quickly as if they'd had a regular night of sleep．Outside the migration season, they found the sparrows that got less sleep than usual had much more difficulty learning how to get the food treats than birds that had a regular sleep．

The results show that the sparrows can deal with much less sleep during the migration season than usual．If scientists can find out why, they may learn from sparrows and find ways of helping people deal with getting much less sleep．Until scientists fully understand the relationship between sleep and learning, it's better to get plenty of sleep when preparing for an exam．

（1）、Why can sparrows deal with much less sleep during the migration season?

A、They eat more． B、The climate is better． C、They find enough food． D、Scientists still don't know it．

（2）、What can we infer from the passage?

A、When tired, you should try to focus (聚焦) on your study． B、You should get enough sleep before an exam． C、You should migrate like sparrows． D、You should sleep less at night．

（3）、What would be the best title for the passage?

A、Sleep lessons from sparrows B、How to get good exam results C、How sparrows get a food treat D、Sparrows' migration

举一反三

Skin-diving(潜水) is a new sport today. This sport takes you into a wonderful new world. It is like a visit to the moon. When you are under water, it is easy for you to climb big rocks, because you are no longer heavy.
Here, under water, everything is blue and green. During the day, there is lots of light. When fish swim nearby, you can catch them with your hands.
When you have tank (罐) of air on your back, you can stay in deep of water for a long time. But you must be careful when you dive into deep water.
To catch fish is one of the most interesting parts of this sport. Besides, there are more uses for skin-diving. You can clean ships without taking them out of the water. You can get many things from the deep sea.
Now you see that skin-diving is both useful and interesting.

    Have you ever rubbed your hands together when they get cold? Why do we do that? We do that for friction. Friction happens when two things that aren't very smooth (光滑的) rub together to make heat energy. The faster you rub two things together, the more friction you can make. Let' s discover friction!

WHAT YOU'LL NEED:
★Soap                ★Water           ★Your hands
WHAT TO DO:
★Make sure your hands are dry.
★Rub your hands together until you feel the heat of your hands.
★Now, use soap and water to get your hands very slippery (滑的).
★Try to make friction happen while your hands are slippery.
★Please write down what has happened.
LET'S TALK!
    Friction is an energy that happens when two things rub together. When friction happens, it makes heat! When your hands are slippery, they won't make very much friction and your hands won't get so hot.
DID YOU KNOW?
★Friction happens when you stop your fast running bike.
★Ancient people made fires by rubbing two pieces of wood together. Friction happened though they didn't know it. ___ __?         Friction is everywhere. Have you ever noticed situations where friction is happening? If not, ask your parents to take you out in a car. If it is not hot, touch the tires (轮胎) of the car before and after a short drive to see how much warmer they get from friction.

    A 15-year-old student who invented a flashlight(手电筒) getting power from the holder's body heat is going home today from California with a big prize and a chance to do further research.
    Ann Makosinski was the only Canadian among the four winners at Google's international science competition. Thousands of young scientists from around the world took part in the competition.
    Winning the science and technology competition was "a surprise". Ann said, "I think it will have a great influence on my future."
Ann thanked her family for encouraging her interest in science and said that her first toy was a box of transistors(晶体管).
Ann's prize includes $ 25,000 and a "once in a-lifetime expericnce" from Google for her Hollow Flashlight, which has no moving parts or batteries.
    The idea for the invention came from seeing unwanted batteries and her friend's experience. When Ann visited a friend in the Philippines, she saw the friend couldn't study when it became dark because there was no electricity or light. She saw the need for a flashlight that has no batteries - Hollow Flashlight.
    In her project, Ann wrote "I made two flashlights that do not use any batteries or harmful materials. They do not create any noise and will always work. The flashlight needs at least a 5℃ temperature difference between the holder's body and the environment around to produce light."
    A video of Ann explaining how she creatcd the flashlight has been watched more than 1.4 million times on the Internet.
Though Ann was successful, she has not made a decision about her career path. Ann hopes that she can find a way to join her love of film and science together.
    The four winners were chosen from 15 final competitors from eight countries. The competition attracted thousands of students in 120 countries.

根据短文内容，判断正误。

A recently study found people's lives are made shorter in North China. It is showed the life expectancy(平均寿命) had been cut down by 5.5 years there. Researchers think that the heavy air pollution in China should be to blame. It's really the truth. Our government has already done something. However, it doesn't seem to work so well.

“Air pollution in China is doing harm to people's health. The harm is much more serious than we can imagine,” said Chen Yuyu of Beijing University, one of researchers of this study.

Dirty air brings serious problems in North China. In January this year, the air pollution was worse than that in other places. That was caused by rising temperature and waste gas from coal heating.

Chinese government should strongly fight against air pollution. They should think of more proper ways to deal with the problem. People should be encouraged to take buses, ride bicycles or walk, instead of driving cars. The factories that pollute heavily should be closed.

“We need to improve our environment, although it might be expensive. Protecting our environment means protecting ourselves,” Li Hongbin, another researcher of the study said.

阅读理解

The sun, the moon and the stars are all in the sky. We see the moon and the stars at night. The sun is a ball. It's much bigger than the moon. It gives us heat (热量). The sun has a family. It's the biggest member of the family. The moon is a ball, too, like the sun and the earth. Sometimes it looks as round as a plate (盘子). Sometimes it looks half a plate. It looks bigger because it's much nearer to the earth. It's much smaller than the sun. It's smaller than the stars. The light (光) on the moon comes from the sun. It has no light of its own.

The stars look smaller than the sun. They look small because they are very far away from us. All day the stars are in the sky. But the light from the sun is too bright. We can't see the stars in the day.

阅读理解

The biggest secret about inventing is that anybody can do it! Perhaps this sounds crazy, but it's true. Maybe you have the wrong idea about inventing, so read on to discover the truth.

Wrong idea No. 1: An invention has to be something completely new.

Inventing means creating something "new", but the idea could come from something that already exists(存在). The Wright brothers, for example, got the idea for building a "flying machine" from watching birds.

Wrong idea No. 2: Inventors are born, not made.

There are a lot of factors(因素) that make invention possible. Take Mazart, for example. He was born with a talent for musical composition. But other factors were also important for his creativity. His father was a music teacher, and Mozart practiced for hours every day, from the time he was four years old. Thomas Edison said that being an inventor was "99% hard work and 1% inspiration"!

Very successful creators don't give up when they get something wrong. As one inventor said, "A failure is the right answer to the wrong question."

Wrong idea No. 3: Inventors are always old people.

Don't believe that you can't invent something when you are young. Here are two examples of young inventors: Louis Braille went blind when he was a child. When he was fifteen, he invented a system of reading and writing for blind people that is still used in most countries today.

As a young man, George Nissen was watching some artists performing in a show. He watched how they fell into the safety net and then jumped back up again. This gave him an idea, and he invented the trampoline(蹦床).

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