People who go to a formal Western dinner party for the first time may be surprised by table manners in Western culture. Knowing them will help you to behave properly.

    First you should know how to put knives and forks. The forks are always on the left while knives on the right of the plate. When you see two spoons, you should know the big one is for soup and the small one for dessert. When you sit down at the table, you can take your napkin, unfold it and put it on your lap.

    Then dinner starts with a small dish. Some people pray before they start eating, and other people may keep silent for a moment. After that everybody starts. After the small dish, you will get a bowl of soup-but only one bowl of soup and never ask for a second. Many Westerners like to use their fingers when they eating chicken or other birds at table, but never touch beef or other meat in bones. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate, so don't take more food than you need. Of course you should try to speak quietly and smile a lot, but do not laugh all the time at the table.

    However, table manners change over time. They follow the fashion of the day. Beside, table manners are only important at formal dinner parties. If you're not sure what to do, you can always follow your hosts. Although good manners always make you look good, you do not need to worry about all these rules while having dinner with your friends or family.

    Different gestures (手势)mean different things in different countries. Sometimes a gesture that is polite in one country is not polite in another and should not be used. Different meanings of gestures can also cause problems in understanding what another person is trying to say. A gesture that many people do not understand is one that uses the thumb. Most westerners will sometimes show that they like something by holding out a closed hand with the thumb lifting in the air. This is called give someone or something "the thumbs up". Often, only one thumb is used, so it should be "the thumb up".

    The usual explanation (解释)for the origin of this gesture is not really correct. It says that in ancient Roman times, when people were pleased with the way a gladiator (角斗士) had fought, they showed their thumbs up. When they were not pleased, they gave the thumbs down. When a gladiator was given the thumbs up, the emperor allowed him to live. When a gladiator was given the thumbs down, the emperor ordered him to be killed.

    The truth is, however, it was translated into a wrong meaning by mistake. If people wanted to save the gladiator, they put out their hands and hid their thumbs in their hands. If they wanted the gladiator to die, they pointed their thumbs straight at him.

What are the school clubs in America like? Are they different from {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (our)? This is one of the middle {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (school) in America. Let's look {#blank#}3{#/blank#}its clubs. 

There are all kinds of {#blank#}4{#/blank#} (interest) clubs, such as the Reading Club, the Singing Club and the Drawing Club. It also {#blank#}5{#/blank#}(have) got a Sewing(缝纫)Club. Many girls love it. They can learn {#blank#}6{#/blank#} (make) clothes there. Of course, there is {#blank#}7{#/blank#} American Football Club. All the schools have one {#blank#}8{#/blank#} American football is an important sport in America. There are {#blank#}9{#/blank#} (usual) a lot of American football matches at school, and all the students as well as their family will come to watch them. Most of the American students enjoy {#blank#}10{#/blank#} (join) some clubs. They learn things and have fun there. 

 {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Can you imagine a sea of sand three times bigger than India? This is the Sahara Desert, the largest desert in the world. It covers 11 countries in North Africa and is over 9 million square kilometers. 

 {#blank#}2{#/blank#} In the Sahara, temperatures are very different during the day and night. It is much hotter during the day than at night. Because of the extreme 极端的) temperature in the desert, it is a very difficult place to survive(幸存). Marco Rivera, our survival expert, has some tips. 

 {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Take warm clothes and a blanket. You will need a hat, long trousers and a thick sweater to keep you warm at night. During the day, cover your body, head and face. Clothes protect you from the sun and keep water in your body. You will also need a warm blanket at night. It can get cold rapidly (迅速地). When the temperature drops, it can make you feel even colder. 

 {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Try to drink some water at least once an hour. You need your water to last as long as possible. Drink only when you need. If you eat, you will get thirsty and your water will run out soon. You can eat a little to stop you from feeling very hungry. Eat small amount of food slowly. 

 {#blank#}5{#/blank#} It's important to stay out of the sun during the day. Make a hole under your car and lie there. This will keep you cool and help you sleep. Find a warm place to sleep at night. A small place near a tree or a rock will be the warmest. But be careful before you decide where to sleep. Dangerous animals like snakes also like to sleep in these places. Look carefully for animals before you lie down. 

(a)根据短文内容，从方框中选出每段的主旨大意。

(b)根据短文内容，补全下面的表格。每空一词。

Sanya, a city in Hainan province, is a popular destination (目的地) for tourists looking for sun, sand, and sea. G{#blank#}1{#/blank#} to Sanya is easy, with different ways of transportation (交通方式).

For those coming from the main land in China, the fastest and easiest way to reach Sanya is {#blank#}2{#/blank#} plane. There are direct flights to Sanya Phoenix International Airport from most of the big c{#blank#}3{#/blank#}, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. Once you arrive at the airport, you can take {#blank#}4{#/blank#} taxi or bus to your hotel.

If you are traveling nearby, taking a train is another good c{#blank#}5{#/blank#}. Sanya has a railway s{#blank#}6{#/blank#}. This station connects Sanya with o{#blank#}7{#/blank#} cities in Hainan.

For the people who like to d{#blank#}8{#/blank#}, Hainan has a well-connected road network, and you can take a car to go around Sanya. However, keep in mind {#blank#}9{#/blank#} heavy the traffic can be during tourist seasons.

All in all, Sanya is a wonderful holiday destination for families and f{#blank#}10{#/blank#}. Make a plan and go for it!

Many successful people follow a similar routine(常规）. This helps them make the best use of their days. This also helps sleep well at night. One of the most important things successful people do is to get ready for the next day the night before. Let's see{#blank#}1{#/blank#}they do that.

Learn to relax

Successful people say it is important to relax. Some enjoy listening to music, w{#blank#}2{#/blank#}others like taking a bath before going to bed. Studies show that a 15-minute bath an hour or two before bedtime helps them sleep better. Sleeping well tonight means a good day tomorrow.

Put the phone down

Studies show that the blue light from a phone is bad for our sleep. Successful people c{#blank#}3{#/blank#}their phone use. They don't sleep with their phones nearby. They put phones away an hour{#blank#}4{#/blank#}bedtime and they use an alarm clock to wake up.

Think about today

Before sleep, it helps to think about the day. Many{#blank#}5{#/blank#}people think about the good things from the day. This helps them to learn and to change. It also{#blank#}6{#/blank#}them to make a plan for a good (perhaps even better) day tomorrow.

Make a{#blank#}7{#/blank#}.

Many successful people make plans for their activities the next day. It helps them sleep well. This is important because sleeping b{#blank#}8{#/blank#}sometimes makes everything seem worse the next day. Making plans also helps them wake up relaxed, happy and ready for the new day.