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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

河北省黄骅中学2017-2018学年高一下学期英语期中考试试卷

阅读理解

    When people reunite with their loved ones,it's usually all extremely happy moment. But what is their most common response to seeing them again? It may seem strange,but most of the time they break down in tears.

    Now a group of psychologists (心理学家) from Yale University say they have found the reason why,and that crying tears of joy may well be the body's way of keeping emotional(情感的) balance. “They seem to take place when people are overtaken by strong positive emotions,and people who do this seem to recover better from those strong emotions,” Oriana Aragon,the lead researcher said.

    Aragon and her fellow psychologists looked at hundreds of participants' emotional responses to different things,including happy reunions and cute babies. Many participants said they would react in a negative or aggressive way to the positive things—to cry at happy moments and want to pinch(捏) a cute baby's face or even tell them “I want to eat you up!” But then researchers found that these people were able to calm down from strong emotions more quickly.

    There are many other examples of times when people respond to a positive experience with a negative emotional reaction. At an exciting concert, fans scream at their idols(偶像). People who have just had a big lottery win are often in floods of tears. “These findings advance our understanding of how people express and control their emotions, which is importantly related to mental and physical health, the quality of relationships with others, and even how well people work together.” said Aragon.

(1)、What have the psychologists from Yale University found in their research?
A、Crying tears of joy helps to balance emotions. B、The reason why people cry with tears. C、People recover slowly from strong emotions D、Strong negative feelings are useful to people.
(2)、What does the underlined “they” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?
A、Times when people reunite with friends. B、Participants' emotional responses. C、Times when people cry tears of joy. D、Strong positive emotions.
(3)、Which of the following agrees with the findings of the research?
A、Kissing a cute baby. B、Crying at good news. C、Crying at a failure. D、Laughing at happy reunions.
(4)、Where does the passage most likely come from?
A、A popular biology book. B、A children literature book. C、A science fiction novel. D、A psychological science journal.
举一反三
阅读理解

BRAD GARRETT'S COMEDY CLUB

Category: Comedy

Best known for his role on the Emmy award-winning sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond, Brad Garrett returns to his Vegas roots with his comedy club at the MGM Grand. It is a good place to check out when you need a break from work.

Prices from: $56.40 and up

Age restriction: Must be 21 years of age or older

Show Length: 115 minutes

MAC KING COMEDY MAGIC SHOW

Category: Comedy, Magic

Mac King Comedy Magic Show is different every afternoon, with lots of audience participation. He is willing to make fun of himself instead of his guests in order to make everyone feel welcome and entertained. The afternoon is kid-friendly from start to finish. Still, whether you're eight or 80, you won't be able to figure out King's secrets.

Prices from: $40.90 and up

Age restriction: No age restriction

Show Length: 90 minutes

THE MENTALIST, GERRY MCCAMBRIDGE

Category: Comedy, Magic

Using his skills as a “mentalist”, Gerry McCambridge shocks the crowds as he uses his abilities to predict just what audience members will do next. Anyone who has seen the show has walked away in disbelief, amazed by his unusual power.

Prices from: $34.99  and up

Age restriction: Under 13 will not be admitted into the theater

Show Length: 75 minutes

ROCK OF AGES

Category: Plays & Musicals

The cheerful Rock of Ages brings audiences back to the times of big hair and even bigger bands with 28 popular rock songs from the 80s including “Every Rose Has Its Thorn,” “I Wanna Know What Love Is,” “Here I Go Again,” and more.

Rock of Ages has been nominated for five Tony Awards including Best Musical and Best Direction of a Musical. It also received a Drama League nomination for Distinguished Production for a Musical.

Prices from: $74.00 and up

Age restriction: Must be 15 years of age or older

Show Length: 125 minutes

根据短文内容,选择最佳答案,并将选定答案的字母标号填在题前括号内。

阅读理解

    Lights out, phones on. Many teenagers reach for their smartphones or tablets at bedtime, but it may be a good idea to switch off before you hit the pillow.

    According to a study by researchers at Murdoch and Griffith Universities in Australia, using mobile devices late at night could harm teenagers' sleep and lead to an increased risk of mental health problems.

    The study was carried out on more than 1,000 Australian high school students aged between 13 and 16. It lasted four years as student participants moved from Year 8 to Year 11.

    During the study, students were asked what time of the night they received or sent text messages and phone calls, and how well they slept.

    The results are impressive. When the study started in Year 8, more than 85 percent of the students had a mobile pone and around one-third of these students never used phones after lights out. In contrast, 93 percent of Year 11 students had a mobile phone and only 22 percent of then had no late night mobile use when the study concluded four years later.

    As the levels of mobile phone use increased, there was a growth in poor sleep behavior among the students. Meanwhile, mental health problems also increased. Students in Year 8 who were more likely to use phones at night were found to have higher levels of depression (抑郁) and lower self-esteem (自尊心) one year later.

    Lynette Vernon, lead author of the study, explained that phones affect our sleep patterns because of the unnatural blue light they produce. This light could affect the level of hormones (荷尔蒙) in the body, disrupting (打乱) its balance.

     “The more you sit in bed and watch TV, play with your tablet, and play with your phone at three o'clock in the morning, the more these things affect the slow waves of your sleep pattern and give your poor quality sleep,” Mark Levi, a Sydney-based sleep doctor said.

    Based on the findings, the researchers suggested parents should focus on guiding their children's use of mobile devices.

    According to Vernon, the solution is not simply to ban teenagers from using their devices, but teach them better ways of using them

     “Back when they're aged 7 to 10, you have to be a role model. If you put your phone away at night and it doesn't go into your bedroom, it becomes normalizedin the household and you have a much easier job,” he told The Guardian.

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    After two years of careful consideration, Robert McCrum has reached a conclusion on his selection of the 100 greatest novels written in English. Take a look at a few in his list.

    The Pilgrim's Progress by John Bunyan (1678)

    A story of a man in search of truth told with the simple clarity and beauty of Bunyan's prose makes this an English classic.

    Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe (1719)

    By the end of the 19th century, no book in English literary history had enjoyed more editions and translations. This world-famous novel is a complex literature that one cannot resist.

    Gulliver s Travels by Jonathan Swift (1726)

    A great work that s been repeatedly printed, Jonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels comes third in our list of the best novels written in English.

    Clarissa by Samuel Richardson (1748)

    Clarissa is a tragic heroine, pressured by her dishonorable family to marry a wealthy man she dislikes, in the book that Samuel Johnson described as “the first book in the world that shows the knowledge about the human heart”.

Tom Jones by Henry Fielding (1749)

    Tom Jones is a classic English novel that gets the spirit of its age and whose characters are well-known since they have come to represent the society at that time.

    Emma by Jane Austen (1816)

    Jane Austen's Emma is her most outstanding work, mixing the best parts of her early books with a deep sense of feelings.

    The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket by Edgar Allan Poe (1838)

    Edgar Allan Poe's only novel-a classic adventure story with supernatural elements-has fascinated and influenced generations of writers.

阅读理解

    According to a new US study, couples who expect their children to help care for them in old age should hope they have daughters because they are likely to be twice as attentive overall.

    The research by Angelina Grigoryeva, a sociologist at Princeton University, found that, while women provide as much care for their elderly parents as they can manage, men do as little as they can get away with and often leave it to female family members.Her analysis of the family networks of 26,000 older Americans concluded that gender(性别) is the most important predictor(预示物) of whether or not people will actively care for elderly parents.

    In a paper being presented at the annual conference of the American Sociological Association in San Francisco, she concludes that simply having a sister makes men statistically likely provide less care.

    Using data from the University of Michigan Health and Retirement Study, a study which has been tracking a cross-section of over-50s for the last decade, she calculated that women provide an average of 12.3 hours a month of care for elderly parents while men offer only 5.6 hours.

    “Whereas the amount of elderly parent care daughters provide is associated with limitations they face, such as employment or childcare, sons' caregiving is associated only with the presence or absence of other helpers, such as sisters or a parent's spouse(配偶),” she explained.

    “Sons reduce their relative caregiving efforts when they have a sister, while daughters increase theirs when they have a brother.”

    “This suggests that sons pass on parent caregiving responsibilities to their sisters.”

    In the UK, the 2011 census(人口普查) showed that there are now around 6.5 million people with caring responsibilities – a figure which has risen by a tenth in a decade.

    But many are doing so at the risk of their own health. The census showed that those who provide 50 hours or more of care a week while trying to hold down a full- time job are three times more likely to be struggling with ill health than their working counterparts(相对应的人) who are not carers.

阅读理解

    A typical child plays many roles, such as friend, neighbor, son or daughter. Simply reminding children of that fact can lead to better problem-solving and more flexible thinking, according to new research from Duke University.

    Better problem-solving was just one positive finding of the study, said lead author Sarah Gaither, an assistant professor of psychology and neuroscience at Duke. After thinking about their own various identities, children also showed more flexible thinking about race and other social groupings—a behavior that could be valuable in an increasingly diverse society.

    In a series of experiments, Gaither and her colleagues looked at 196 children, ages 6 and 7. In an experiment, one group of children was reminded that they had various identities, such as son, daughter, reader or helper. A second group of children was reminded of their multiple physical attributes, such as a mouth, arms and legs. All the children then needed to handle a few tasks

    Children who were reminded of their various identities showed stronger problem-solving and creative thinking skills. When shown pictures of a bear staring at honey-filled beehive(蜂窝)high up in a tree, these children had more creative ideas for how the bear might get the honey, such as turning over a bowl so that it became a stool(凳子). In other words, they saw a new use for the bowl. Children who were reminded of their multiple roles also showed more flexible thinking about social groupings. When asked to categorize different photos of faces, they suggested many ways to Spso. They identified smiling faces such as unsmiling ones, and old and young faces. The other children, meanwhile, primarily grouped people's faces by race and gender(性别).

    The-study suggests ways to promote flexible thinking for the young, which could be especially valuable for teachers." Gaither said.

    "We have this tendency in our society to only think about ourselves in connection with one important group at a time," Gaither said. "When kids think that they have various identities, they show greater abilities."

阅读理解

Gene technology to benefit people

    Among all the fast growing science and technology, the research of human genes, or biological engineering as people call it, is drawing more and more attention now. Sometimes it is a hot topic discussed by people.

    The greatest thing that gene technology can do is to cure serious diseases that doctors at present can almost do nothing with, such as cancer and heart disease. Every year, millions of people are murdered by these two killers. And to date, doctors have not found an effective way to cure them. But if the gene technology is applied, not only these two diseases can be cured completely, bringing happiness and more living days to the patients, but also the great amount of money people spend on curing their diseases can be saved, therefore it benefits the economy as well. In addition, human life span(寿命) can be prolonged.

    Gene technology can help people to give birth to more healthy and clever children. Some families, with the English imperial(皇室) family being a good example, have hereditary(遗传的) diseases. This means their children will for sure have the family disease, which is a great trouble for these families. In the past, doctors could do nothing about hereditary diseases. But gene technology can solve this problem perfectly. The scientist just need to find the wrong gene and correct it and a healthy child will be born.

    Some people are worrying that the gene research can be used to manufacture human beings in large quantities. In the past few years, scientists have succeeded in cloning a sheep; therefore these people predict that human babies would soon be cloned. But I believe cloned babies will not come out in large quantities, for most couples in the world can have babies in very normal way. Of course, the governments must take care to control gene technology.

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