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题型:阅读理解 题类:真题 难易度:普通

2018年高考英语真题试卷(天津卷)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

C

    There's a new frontier in 3D printing that's beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn't stopping there.

Food production

    With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to "re-create forms and pieces" of food that are "exactly the same," freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.

Sustainability(可持续性)

    The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.

Nutrition

    Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, "Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday's bread from the supermarket, you'd eat something baked just for you on demand."

Challenges

    Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.

(1)、What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?
A、It helps cooks to create new dishes. B、It saves time and effort in cooking. C、It improves the cooking conditions. D、It contributes to restaurant decorations.
(2)、What can we learn about 3D food printing from Paragraphs 3?
A、It solves food shortages easily. B、It quickens the transportation of food. C、It needs no space for the storage of food. D、It uses renewable materials as sources of food.
(3)、According to Paragraph 4, 3D-printed food _____________.
A、is more available to consumers B、can meet individual nutritional needs C、is more tasty than food in supermarkets D、can keep all the nutrition in raw materials
(4)、What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?
A、The printing process is complicated. B、3D food printers are too expensive. C、Food materials have to be dry. D、Some experts doubt 3D food printing.
(5)、What could be the best title of the passage?
A、3D Food Printing: Delicious New Technology B、A New Way to Improve 3D Food Printing C、The Challenges for 3D Food Production D、3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table
举一反三
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。

    People who are confident really seem to be naturally outstanding and just seem to do everything with more styles than others. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} It is a habit that everyone can develop in life. Try these simple tips to drill and build up your confidence:

1). Admit your shortcomings calmly.

    Do not try to flee from them or cover them. Face them bravely. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Fight against them every day until the day when you could break away and conquer them.

2). Dress for self-confidence.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#} And therefore pay attention to your dress, display your unique physical advantages and exhibit your best image. In addition, on formal occasions such as a business conference or a wedding ceremony, elegant dressing contributes to building your confidence.

3). {#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    You should break your routine that deals with the work passively. Concentrate your efforts immediately on overcoming it, because it will make your restless mind at ease and build your self-confidence.

4). Be positive.

    Feel pity neither on yourself nor on others. If you are used to hating and accusing yourself, others would tend to do that and believe it. Instead, you should speak positively about yourself, your progress, and your bright future. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

A. Don't judge a person by appearance.

B. Build your confident vocabulary.

C. Don't put off what you eventually have to do.

D. Actually, true self-confidence is neither born nor acquired overnight.

E. By doing so, you would encourage your growth in a positive direction.

F. Then talk about them to a reliable mate, a friend or a family member.

G. Your appearance could put you into embarrassment or increase your confidence.

阅读理解

    They wear the latest fashions with the most up-to-date accessories(配饰). Yet these are not girls in their teens or twenties but women in their sixties and seventies.A generation which would once only wear old-fashioned clothes is now favouring the same high street looks worn by those half their age.

    Professor Julia Twigg, a social policy expert, said, “Women over 75 are now shopping for clothes more frequently than they did when they were young in the 1960s.In the 1960s buying a coat for a woman was a serious matter.It was an expensive item that they would purchase only every three or four years — now you can pick one up at the supermarket whenever you wish to.Fashion is a lot cheaper and people get tired of things more quickly.”

    Professor Twigg analysed family expenditure(支出) data and found that while the percentage of spending on clothes and shoes by women had stayed around the same — at 5 or 6 percent of spending — the amount of clothes bought had risen sharply.

    The professor said, “Clothes are now 70 percent cheaper than they were in the 1960s because of the huge expansion of production in the Far East.In the 1960s Leeds was the heart of the British fashion industry and that was where most of the clothes came from, but now almost all of our clothes are sourced elsewhere.Everyone is buying more clothes but in general we are not spending more money on them.”

    Fashion designer Angela Barnard, who runs her own fashion business in London, said older women were much more affected by the celebrity(名流) style than in previous years.

    She said, “When people see stars such as Judi Dench and Helen Mirren looking attractive and fashionable in their sixties, they want to follow them.Older women are much more aware of celebrities. There's also the boom in TV programmes showing people how they can change their look, and many of my older customers do yoga to stay in shape well in their fifties.When I started my business a few years ago, my older customers tended to be very rich, but now they are what I would call ordinary women.My own mother is 61 and she wears the latest fashions in a way she would never have done ten years ago.”

阅读理解

    Stop wasting your time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings.  Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born. Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.

    The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created: the human mind. Success is a choice and not a chance. You were born a winner. You were born rich. You can be a success if only you make the right choice.

    You cannot be successful without first developing your self-esteem (自信心). Your level of self-esteem is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life. People with low self-esteem are people who do not believe that they have any power,or responsibility for their lives. They are always victims. They are leaves tossed (摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather.

    You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe you are responsible for everything that happens in your life.  Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. Successful people realize that they are responsible.

    Everything happens as a result of something.  If we can identify the cause,we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.

    If you associate with positive-thinking people,you are definitely going to achieve success. On the contrary,the opposite happens. We are responsible for finding,planting,and nurturing (培育) the seeds that contain future victory, born from setbacks (挫折).

    In short, in all areas of your life,whether they are financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it. You are on the road to success.

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