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题型:阅读选择 题类:模拟题 难易度:容易

广东省广州市白云区2018届九年级下学期英语综合测试(一模)试题

阅读理解

    It is a question that has confused parents for many years: why do children refuse to eat greens?

    Now, two American experts believe they have the answer.

    After studying dozens of babies as they played with various objects, the researchers noted that they were far more unwilling to touch plants than other things. They believe this is because evolution (生物进化) has biologically made children be wary of plants.

    Due to susceptibility (敏感性) to illness or injury in the early years of life, the body has designed an inner defence mechanism (内部保护机制) that limits a child' s contact with plants, they think. The researchers believe this is why children turn their noses up when faced with a plate of broad beans.

    The findings are published in a paper by Dr Annie E Wertz and Dr Karen Wynn, both psychologists at Yale University.

    They wrote, "Throughout human evolution... plants have been important in human's life. Yet, for all of these benefits, plants have always caused very real dangers."

    "Plants produce toxins (毒素) as defences that can be harmful, or even deadly. Some plants also produce physical defences, such as thorns(荆棘)can damage tissues (组织) and cause effects over the whole body."

    They added, "We predicted that babies may have behavioural strategies that reduce dangers caused by plants."

    To test their theory, the researchers studied how children aged eight to 18 months old reacted when presented with a variety of objects. It took much longer for children to grab plants; objects that were pretended to look like plants also caused a slow response time.

    For parents attempting to spoon some peas into the mouth of their child, this finding should come as welcome relief.

(1)、The underlined word "they" in Paragraph 3 refers to_____?
A、the parents B、the researchers C、the babies D、the plants
(2)、What does the underlined word "wary" in the third paragraph mean?
A、Curious B、Afraid C、Tired D、Certain
(3)、What did early humans probably do in order to keep away from illness or injury?
A、They choose to make more man-made things. B、They didn't allowed their children to touch plants. C、They chose to have little contact with plants. D、They tried very hard to escape from the past.
(4)、What was plants' role in early human's life?
A、They were important, in spite of danger. B、They reacted badly to human evolution. C、They contributed to the most deaths and illness. D、They developed human physical defenses against dangers.
(5)、What's the passage mainly about?
A、Why some plants are harmful. B、How humans react to plants. C、Why children don't like to eat greens. D、When children from behavioural strategies.
举一反三
    Decisions, decisions! Our lives are full of them, from the small ones to the life-changing. The right to choose is central to everyone. Yet sometimes we make bad decisions that leave us unhappy or full of regret. Can science help?
    Most of us know little about the mental processes that lie behind our decisions. Luckily, what psychologists(心理学家)are finding may help us all make better choices. Here are some of their amazing discoveries to help you make up your mind.
    Consider your emotions. You might think that emotions are the enemy of decision making, but in fact they are a part of it. Whenever you make up your mind, your brain's emotional centre is active. University of Southern California scientist, Antonio Damasia, has studied people with damage to only the emotional parts of their brains , and found that they were unable to make basic choices about what to wear or eat. Damasia thinks this may be because our brains store emotional memories of past choice, which we use to help the present decision-making.
However, making choices under the influence of an emotion can greatly affect the result. Take anger, for example. A study by Nitika Garg of the University of Mississippi and other scientists found the angry shoppers were more likely to choose the first thing they were offered rather than considering other choices. It seems that anger can lead us to make quick decisions without much thinking.
    All emotions affect our thinking and motivation(动机),so it may be best to avoid making important decisions under their influence. Yet strangely there is one emotion that seems to help us make good choices. The American researchers found that sad people took time to consider the various choices on offer, and ended up making the best choices. In fact many studies show that people who feel unhappy have the most reasonable view of the world.

根据短文内容选择正确答案。

     Grace, usually known as the Home of Microsoft, is inside an office building in Redmond, Washington. Once you come into the building, you will feel that you're in a modern and future home.

      When you enter the building, Grace's voice, coming from a hidden speaker, tells you your messages. In the kitchen, you set a bag of flour(面粉) on a flat stone table. Grace sees what you're doing and makes a menu of flour-based foods on the table. Once you choose one, Grace gives you ingredients(配料).

There's also a notice board in the kitchen made of “intelligent(智能的) cloth” that works like a touch screen computer. You can deal with postcards and invitations and surf the net with the touch of a finger. The invitations could be encoded(编码). You can deal with them on the computer. It's part of Microsoft's Smart Personal Objects Technology, whose aim is to make every object more efficient(有效率的).

      “The day when your house becomes a member of your family is not far,” says Pam Heath, a manager of Microsoft. At the Andersen Windows Company, Jay Libby imagines that windows made of intelligent glass can be changed into TVs.

      “Nobody wants a television set,” says Libby. “What you want is the service it provides.” If the TV isn't improved, it will disappear in the future.

Home entertainment is one consideration for the future. At the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, scientists are designing systems that will allow old people to live better on their own. So Grandma's home can be cleverly designed to recognize(识别) her ways of waking, sleeping and movement. Family members will be told any change by their computers.

阅读下面四篇短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    The expression "lanshouxianggu" has been quite popular on Chinese social networking sites. You may have used it many times when chatting online. However, did you know that the "blue thin mushroom" was not just magic of Photoshop and was really there in nature?

    Well, let' s meet Entoloma hochstetteri (霍氏粉褶菌).This is a kind of naturally-blue fungus(真菌) The plant looks very small. Its sten' s diameter(梗的直径) measures only about 5 millimeters. Entoloma hochstetteri can be found widely in New Zealand, especially on the west coast. The Maori name for it is "werewere-kokako." It seems New zealand is very proud of producing this unusual species-the country prints the blue mushroom on its $50 notes.

    Athough the species is very unusual, little is known about it. Silas villas-boas is a scientist at the University of Auckland. He said he was very disappointed that nobody had ever tried to test the blue mushroom in the lab, "You can even count the number of scientific articles on it on one hand, he said. The scientist decided to be the first to study the plant. A group of researchers have been helping him with the study.

    In an early test, the researchers found alkaloids(生物碱) and Omega-3 fatty acids(w-3脂肪酸)in the blue mushroom. While the acids are helpful to health, alkaloids soetimes influence how the brain works. However, Villas-Boas said the substance was very common in plants. So far, the researchers have not found any toxins(毒素) in Entoloma hochstetteri, but they are not yet sure if it can be eaten. Villas-Boas said more testing would be required.

阅读理解

    A fish that lives in America can live out of water for months at a time, similar to how animals got used to land millions of years ago, a new study shows.

    The Mangrove Rivulets, a kind of little fish, lives in small pools of water. When their living place dries up, they live on the land, said Scott Taylor, a researcher in Florida.

    The fish can grow as large as three inches. They group together and breathe air through their skin before they can find water again.

    The new scientific discovery came during a trip.

    "We were travelling for fun. And one day I kicked over a log (圆木) and the fish came out." Taylor told reporters by telephone. He said he would make his study on the fish known to the public in an American magazine early next year.

    In lab tests, Taylor said he found the fish can live up to 66 days out of water without eating.

    Some other fish can live out of water for a short period of time. The walking catfish found in Southeast Asia can stay on land for hours at a time, while lungfish(肺鱼) found in Australia, Africa and South America can live out of water, but only in a not active(活跃的) way. But no other known fish can be out of water as long as the Mangrove Rivulets and keep active, according to Patricia Wright, a biologist at a Canadian University.

    More studies of the fish may tell how animals changed over time.

    "These animals live in conditions similar to those millions of years ago, when animals began to move from water onto land." Wright said.

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