题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
江苏省宿迁市2016-2017学年高二下学期英语期末考试试卷
Music is a Universal Language
“Music is the universal language of mankind.” – Henry Longfellow
Everyone has the inborn ability to understand and enjoy music. There are many theories as to why this is, but it has become a part of human beings. Since the beginning, humans have expressed themselves through music. Simple tribal rhythms evolved into many types of more complex music, including classical, rock, jazz, and R&B. While the styles between these many types of music may vary, everyone is able to understand and relate to them.
What are the essential parts of a language? Every language uses vocabulary, or a set of words, to create sentences that convey messages. The tone and style of the sentences convey different feelings or emotions. Music is exactly the same way. Twelve tones, or notes, are combined to create phrases that also convey emotion. Music can even be written, like most other languages. Conversations even take place in music. Two saxophonists can play melodies back and forth, expressing different styles and feelings, building off of each other, responding to each other. Music changes over the years like other languages. Most people who speak fluent English cannot read one of Shakespeare's plays because the language has changed so much. Music is also affected by time, and over a long period, many new types of music and instruments have emerged to create different sounds and convey different messages. There are so many similarities between vocal language and music that they must be same.
I recently had a chance to experience conversation through music. In 2008, I traveled to Manila, Philippines to participate in a high school jazz exchange where many students from all over Asia came together to share their talents. Everyone was mixed into different small groups to prepare for a concert at the end of week. Few people spoke fluent English so vocal communication was very tough. However, it wasn't needed. Everyone seemed to understand each other simply through the music and there were few times where direct translation was needed. At the performance, every group played for a live audience. They all sounded phenomenal and it felt like they were in perfect time and harmony. During my group's performance, I was able to improvise with a Korean boy who spoke very little English. But we managed to have a conversation through our instruments, building off each other's riffs until we were creating our own melody on the fly. It was a great experience.
Because of the many similarities that music shares with other languages, it is a very effective way to communicate with others. Music brings us together, connects us with other people, and allows us to express ourselves in ways that are different from speech and writing. It has the ability to convey emotions and messages to the core of people, which is why Henry Longfellow is absolutely correct when he states that “music is the universal language of mankind.”
Music is a Universal Language
Introduction | ● Human beings have the ability to appreciate music since they were . ● Despite the different types from simple tribal rhythms, everyone is able to understand music. |
between language and music | ● The tone and style of the sentences convey different feelings or emotions, does music. ● Like most other languages, music even has its forms. ● Both language and music have gone many changes over the years. ● Conversations even take place in music. ● Time also has a greaton music. New forms of music and instruments come up to convey different messages. |
My chance of conversation through music | I participated in a high school jazz exchange in Philippines in 2008, where students came from all over Asia. While there were language between us, we still managed to communicate well by music. |
Conclusion | Music is a very effective way to communicate with others. Just as Henry Longfellow it, “music is the universal language of mankind.” |
Commercial advertisement was once thought of as a technique of the marketers to inform the potential buyers about the availability of certain products. It was seen more as a medium to inform the buyers rather than persuade them to buy. The present day marketers see advertisement as a medium to damage the image of their competitors and their products. This indeed, is an undesirable and an immoral practice. Instead of speaking about their own products, these marketers speak about the drawbacks (often without any basics) of the competing products.
People watching TV advertisements would notice that there has always been an advertisement war between the marketers of different consumer goods. A few such cases are given below.
⑴Parachute Coconut Oil vs. V.V.D. Gold
Sometime back, the producer of V.V.D Gold Coconut Oil claimed in their TV advertisement that only their products were superior and the one sold in blue colour bottles (the reference was to Parachute coconut oil) was suitable only for un-natural hair.
⑵Tata Salt vs. Captain Cook
Tata salt was first iodised (碘处理) salt marketed by an Indian Company. It has been enjoying a good and steady market. Captain Cook, another producer of iodised salt, who entered the market later, had to adopt some strategy to get control of the market. The TV advertisement of Captain Cook stressed on ‘Free flow' of their salt when transferred to a container. The producer of Tata Salt retaliated (报复) by saying that the claim of Captain Cook was a trick and those who were quality conscious should deal with it with caution.
⑶Pepsi vs. Coca Cola
Coca Cola was selected as the official soft drink for the Wills World Cricket 1996. When the cricket series was on, the marketers of Pepsi constantly advertised on TV. Their advertisement gave the idea that the cricketers preferred only Pepsi and as a matter of fact there was nothing official about it.
⑷Horlicks vs. Complan
Sometime back, the TV advertisement of Complan, a health drink directly attacked Horlicks, which has been in the market for several decades. The claim of Complan was that their brand (which according to them was Brand C) has a higher percentage of ingredients compared to Brand H (reference was nothing but to Horlicks).
The above examples clearly show how the technique of advertisement is misused by some marketers to ruin the image of their competitors. This, certainly, is not a healthy trend.
Any marketer should only speak about his products and not about his competitors' products. The awareness of consumers has certainly increased over the years and they are no longer easily taken in. There are many consumer products like salt, oil, shaving blades etc. But one thing for sure is that offering the same product in a different container will not make the product different.
Mass media like Radio, Television and newspaper should not allow advertisements that tell lies. Legal regulations, in this regard, should also be made stricter.
Comparison of the past and the present | |||
In the past | A technique mainly used for offering{#blank#}1{#/blank#} | ||
At present | A trick used as a means of unfair {#blank#}2{#/blank#} | ||
Unhealthy trend of the {#blank#}3{#/blank#} of advertisement | |||
{#blank#}4{#/blank#} | Products | Wrong {#blank#}5{#/blank#} | |
V.V.D. Gold | No product of the kind could {#blank#}6{#/blank#}it. | ||
Captain Cook | Captain Cook stressed on their “free flow” when their product was put into a container. | ||
Tata Salt | Tata salt warned consumers to be{#blank#}7{#/blank#}. | ||
Pepsi | Too much advertisement on TV seemed to say that Pepsi was the cricketers' {#blank#}8{#/blank#}. | ||
Complan | Complan claimed that their product was much {#blank#}9{#/blank#}in ingredients. | ||
Solutions | ●Only products of their own are allowed to be {#blank#}10{#/blank#} in the advertisement. ●Stricter laws should be made to protect every producer's and consumer's benefits. |
Green is not always referring to the color. In some cases, it is the term used for being environmentally friendly. If you've been looking to replace your furniture, consider going green because environmentally friendly furniture offers many benefits. Here are a few tips to get you started on your hunt for the perfect eco-friendly furniture.
First, environmentally friendly furniture isn't harmful to your health. Also its manufacturing process doesn't cause damage to the environment in any way. Besides, by purchasing eco-friendly products, you prevent deforestation and global warming to some extent in your own way. You do your part in protecting the environment. Environmentally friendly furniture is cost-effective as well.
The materials that are used in furniture are what make them green. Materials can be good for the environment either because they are materials that are considered renewable resources or they are all natural. A lack of chemicals and toxins (毒素) in green furniture also means it is a better choice for the environment. It may be hard to imagine that a sofa or a table could actually be a green product but they really can be depending on what they're made of.
There are a lot of renewable sources that manufacturers could use when building the furniture, so you should be keeping an eye out for them. Bamboo can be an excellent replacement for wood and can also replace plastics and metals in some furnishing. Cotton is a sofa fabric that is safe for the environment and it can be replenished (补充) often. Hemp is also a renewable source that can be used for fabric and twine.
Recycled materials also can be made into green furniture. Metals can be recovered and remade into new things such as frames and foundations for sofas. Recycled plastic can also be made into furniture such as tables and chairs. Touching up old furniture instead of buying new items is very cheap way to be green. Yard sales and second-hand stores sell furniture too and buying the used means new things won't be made, so no more damage has to happen to the earth.
Therefore, when you want to hunt for the perfect environmentally friendly furniture, you should try to know the type of materials which are used in building the furniture.
Environmentally friendly furniture | ||
{#blank#}1{#/blank#} | ●It is {#blank#}2{#/blank#} to your health ●Its manufacturing process{#blank#}3{#/blank#}damaging the environment in any way. ●It prevents deforestation and global warming to some extent ●It helps you{#blank#}4{#/blank#}some money as well. | |
Requirements of the materials | ●The materials should be renewable and natural ●The materials{#blank#}5{#/blank#}fewer chemicals and toxins. | |
Materials often used in green furniture | Renewable materials | ●Bamboo can be used to{#blank#}6{#/blank#}wood, plastics and metals. ●Cotton is a soft fabric which can be often replenished. ●Hemp is also a good material. |
Recycled materials | ●Metals can be recovered and {#blank#}7{#/blank#}to make new things {#blank#}8{#/blank#}frames and foundations for sofas. ●Recycled plastics can be made into tables and chairs. ●Purchasing{#blank#}9{#/blank#}furniture is also a good idea | |
conclusion | It is {#blank#}10{#/blank#}to know the type of materials used in the furniture while you're hunting for the perfect eco-friendly furniture. |
How Arts Promote Our Economy
When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of music, or an award-winning performance in the theater. But arts groups bring broader value to our communities. The economic impact of the arts is often overlooked and badly judged.
The arts create jobs that help develop the economy. Any given performance takes a tour bus full of artists, technical experts, managers, musicians, or writers to create an appealing piece of art. These people earn a living wage for their professional knowledge and skills.
Another group of folks is needed to help market the event. "If you build it they will come" is a misleading belief. Painters, digital media experts, photographers, booking agents and promoters are hired to sell tickets and promote the event. According to the Dallas Area Cultural Advocacy Coalition, arts agencies employ more than 10,000 people as full-or part-time employees or independent contractors.
A successful arts neighborhoods creates a ripple effect(连锁反应)throughout a community. In 2005, when the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the location was considered a poor area of town. After investing more than $1 million in reconstructing the building, we began producing a full season of theater performances, jazz concerts, and year-round arts education programs in 2008. Nearly 40 percent of jazz lovers live outside of the Dallas city limits and drive or fly in to enjoy an evening in the Bishop Arts District.
No doubt the theater has contributed to the area's development and economic growth. Today, there are galleries, studios, restaurants and newly built work spaces where neighbors share experiences, where there is renewed life and energy. In this way, arts and culture also serve as a public good.
Teco Theatrical Productions Inc. made use of Bloomberg's investment of $35,000 to get nearly $400,000 in public and private sector support during the two-year period. Further, Dallas arts and arts-based businesses produce $298 for every dollar the city spends on arts programming and facilities. In Philadelphia, a metro area smaller than Dallas, the arts have an economic impact of almost $3 million and support 44,000 jobs, 80 percent of which actually lie outside the arts industry, including accountants, marketers, construction workers, hotel managers, printers, and other kinds of art workers.
The arts are efficient economic drivers and when they are supported, the entire small-business community benefits.
It is wrong to assume arts groups cannot make a profit. But in order to stay in business, arts groups must produce returns. If you are a student studying the arts, chances are you have been ill-advised to have a plan B. But those who truly understand the economic impact and can work to change the patterns can create a wide range of career possibilities.
Arts as an economic driver | Our communities{#blank#}1{#/blank#} from arts in terms of economy. |
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} of arts' promoting our economy | Arts activity demands a(n) {#blank#}3{#/blank#} effort. It involves creation, performance, and {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. ★Artists make a living through their creative work. ★Others get paid by marketing the event. |
Arts have a gradually spreading {#blank#}5{#/blank#}. They could help promote other industries whether they lie inside or outside arts. ★Besides tickets, some jazz lovers will pay their {#blank#}6{#/blank#} to and from the events. ★Arts contribute to cultural development when people gather together to share their experience and renew their energy. | |
Investment in arts could produce potential{#blank#}7{#/blank#} economic results. ★TeCo used a $35,000 art investment to attract an overall support of $400,000. ★In Dallas, one dollar invested in arts could harvest and extraordinary return of nearly $300. ★In Philadelphia the arts have created about 35,000 job opportunities for workers {#blank#}8{#/blank#} arts industry. | |
Art students making a good living | With these {#blank#}9{#/blank#} in mind, art students need not worry about their career and have a(n) {#blank#}10{#/blank#} plan. |
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