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题型:阅读理解 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通

黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市2018届高三英语第二次模拟考试试卷

阅读理解

    The researchers say a person loses two months for every kilogram overweight they are— and seven years for smoking a packet of cigarettes a day.

    Unusually, the Edinburgh university team found their answers by analysing differences in people's genetic code or DNA. Finally they think it will show new ways of helping us to live longer.

    The group used the genetic code of more than 600, 000 people who are taking part in a natural experiment. If someone smokes, drinks, drops out of school and is overweight, it can be difficult to identify the impact of one specific unhealthy behavior.

    Instead, the researchers turned to the natural experiment. Some people carry mutations(变异) in their DNA that increase(食欲) or make them more likely to put on weight, so researchers were able to compare those programmed to eat more with those who were not. The research team also found specific mutations in human DNA that alter lifespan (寿命).

    Mutations in a gene (a set of instructions in DNA) that is involved in running the immune system could add seven months of life on average.

    People with a mutation that increased levels of bad cholesterol knocked eight months off lifespan.

    A rare mutation in a gene—APOE—linked to dementia reduced lifespan by 11 months.

    And one that made smoking more appealing cut lives by five months.

    Dr Joshi says that while genes do influence lifespan, “you've got even more influence” through the choices you make. Dr Joshi said, “We hope to discover genes affecting lifespan to give us new information about ageing and construct treatment tor ageing.”

    There are also some disease mutations that clearly affect lifespan and to destructive effect, such as the Huntington's gene. People with Huntington's often die in their 20s.

    However, in order to follow people until the end of their lives, many of the people studied were born before 1940.

(1)、What is the most difficult for the researchers to find?
A、The differences in people's genetic code. B、The reasons why people put on weight very easily. C、The results of many natural and massive experiments. D、One bad behaviour's effect on people with many bad behaviours.
(2)、Which of the following mutations affects lifespan most greatly?
A、One linked to controlling immune system. B、One increasing unhealthy cholesterol. C、One called APOE involved in dementia. D、One making smoking more attractive.
(3)、What's the meaning of Dr Joshi's study?
A、To help stop mutations. B、To find diseases earlier. C、To make people live longer. D、To reduce the effects of genes.
(4)、Why did researchers mainly study people born before 1940?
A、To follow them until they die. B、To educate them an extra year. C、To show they are more important. D、To make them live happier.
举一反三
阅读理解

What's on?

The Conjuring 2 (2016)

Certificate R 134 min—Horror

Viewer points: 8.2 / 10

Lorraine and Ed Warren travel to north London to help a single mother raising four children alone in a house troubled by evil spirits.

Director: James Wan

Stars: Vera Farmiga, Patrick Wilson, Madison Wolfe, Frances O'Connor

Warcraft (2016)

Certificate PG-13 123 min—Action | Adventure | Fantasy

Viewer points: 7.7 / 10

The peaceful land of Azeroth stands on the edge of war as its civilization (文明) faces a fearsome race of invaders: orc (兽族) warriors escaping their dying home to conquer another. As a tunnel opens to connect the two worlds, one army faces destruction and the other faces extinction. From opposing sides, two heroes are set on a collision course that will decide the fate of their family, their people, and their home.

Director: Duncan Jones

Stars: Travis Fimmel, Paula Patton, Ben Foster, Dominic Cooper

Now You See Me 2 (2016)

Certificate PG-13 129 min—Action | Comedy | Thriller

Viewer points: 7.1 / 10

The Four Horsemen resurface and are forcibly hired by a tech genius to pull off their most impossible magic show yet.

Director: Jon M. Chu

Stars: Jesse Eisenberg, Mark Ruffalo, Woody Harrelson, Dave Franco

Me Before You (2016)

Certificate PG-13 110 min—Drama | Romance

Viewer points: 7.9 /10

A girl in a small town forms an unlikely bond with a recently-disabled man she's taking care of.

Director: Thea Sharrock

Stars: Emilia Clarke, Sam Claflin, Janet McTeer, Charles Dance

根据短文内容,选择最佳答案,并将选定答案的字母标号填在题前括号内。

阅读理解

    If you're traveling with kids in London, many London hotels have special services and features to help the family holiday, offering services to kids as well as games, bike hire and free ice cream!

Athenaeum

    The five­star Athenaeum is a fantastic family hotel,particularly with the addition of its kids' services. Even before you arrive, they'll be in touch to make sure your kids have their favorite DVDs, treats and anything else to keep them happy. And they can arrange your perfect family activities, from bike hire to theater tickets.

Novotel

    Novotel's family rooms are designed to accommodate two adults and two children. Accommodation and breakfast are free for under­16s(up to two staying in their parents' room).You can also enjoy a late check­out at 5 p. m. on a Sunday, and while you lie in, the kids can entertain themselves with the Cartoon Network.

Chessington Safari Hotel

    At Chessington Safari Hotel, kids will love staying in an African adventure­themed room, having breakfast, overlooking the animals of the Wanyama Reserve, watching family­friendly movies and getting into the theme park before it opens.

The Ritz

    Kids at The Ritz are treated just as well as their parents, if not better! Children can enjoy computer games and DVDs, free ice cream and their own bathrobes and slippers. Under­16s can stay for free in their parents' bedroom, depending on the room type.

Marlin Apartments

    Marlin Apartments operate more than 700 serviced apartments in London. Apartments are all within five minutes' walk of the Tube(Good for tired little legs!) with flat screen TVs, fully equipped kitchens and free Wi­Fi. One or two bedroom family apartments have extra room for folding beds in the living area.

阅读理解

    At the age of 83, I'm reading more and dusting less. I'm sitting in the yard and admiring the view without caring about the weeds in the garden. I'm spending more time with my family and friends and less time working.

    Whenever possible, life should be a pattern of experiences to savor, not to suffer. I'm trying to recognize these moments now and cherish them.

    I'm not "saving" anything; we use our good china and crystal for every special event such as losing a pound, or the first Amaryllis blossom. I wear my good clothes to the market. I'm not saving my good perfume for special parties, but wearing it for clerks in the hardware store and tellers at the bank.

    "Someday "and" one of these days" are losing their positions in my vocabulary. If it's worth seeing or hearing or doing, I want to see and do it now.

    I'm not sure what others would have done had they known they wouldn't be here for the tomorrow that we all take for granted. I think they would have called family members and a few close friends. They might have called a few former friends to apologize and mend fences for past quarrels. I like to think they would have gone out for a Chinese dinner or for whatever their favorite food was.

    It's those little things left undone that would make me angry if I knew my hours were limited. Angry because I hadn't written certain letters that I intended to write one of these days. Angry and sorry that I didn't tell my husband and parents often enough how much I truly love them. I'm trying very hard not to put off, hold back, or save anything that would add laughter and luster to our lives. And every morning when I open my eyes, I tell myself that it is special. Every day, every minute, every breath truly is a gift.

阅读理解

    A study, conducted by David Evans of the World Bank and Anna Popova of Stanford University, looked at 19 programs around the world in which individuals were given cash transfers from the government, either as a handout or as a "reward" for something like getting kids to school on time or taking them to the doctor for checkups.

    Evans and Popova looked at the impact those cash transfers had on the family budget and whether or not they led to an increase in spending on alcohol and cigarettes .What they found was that they almost always led to a reduction in a family's alcohol and tobacco purchases.

     The news may surprise some people, but it's true, and the researchers have several theories about why.

    One theory is that the cash transfer made things possible that once seemed impossible. Investing in their kids' education or buying healthier and more expensive foods may be within reach now, but without the cash handout, these goals weren't even a possibility. So families cut back on other expenses (like alcohol and tobacco) to make those dreams a reality.

    Another theory is that people just generally seem to do what they're told. If they are given money and told to use it for their family's welfare, in most cases, they will do just that. And that leads to the third theory: These cash transfers are usually given to women, and studies show that when women control the purse strings, more money is spent on taking care of their children.

    Whatever the reason for the trend, the data is clear—families that receive cash handouts don't waste the money on booze and cigarettes as was previously thought. Instead, they typically use that money for the benefit of their families. And that's money well spent.

阅读理解

    Jack London, one of America's major writers of adventure tales, was born in California in 1876. During his life, London worked at many jobs. His broad life experiences would become the background for his writing.

    London loved to read. As a teenager, he spent many hours educating himself at the Oakland, California, public library. He attended college at the University of California at Berkeley, but he stayed for only six months. He thought Berkeley was “not lively enough” and wanted to do something more exciting.

    London wrote stories about working people and the hard times they had making a living. He knew their problems first hand. He worked as a sailor, farmer, factory employee, railroad worker, and gold prospector, to name just a few of his many jobs.

    London grew up near the waterfront in Oakland. He loved the water. When he was fifteen years old, he bought a small sailboat called a sloop. Later he sailed to Japan on a schooner, which is a much larger sailing boat. Like many people of the time, London caught the Klondike Gold Rush Fever. In 1897, he headed for Alaska. He didn't find gold, but he discovered something even more valuable. He discovered that people enjoyed listening to the stories he made up with his vivid imagination. London entertained the miners with story after story. Later, using his experiences during the Gold Rush, he created many more colorful stories.

    London resolved to live a full, exciting life. He once said, “I would rather be a superb meteor(流星), every atom of me in magnificent glow, than a sleepy and permanent planet.” Each day, he pushed himself. Once London determined that he was going to be a writer, nothing could stop him. His goal was to write at least one thousand words every day. He refused to stop even when he was sick. In eighteen years, the writer published fifty-one books and hundreds of articles. He was the best-selling and highest-paid author of his day. Many people also considered him to be the best writer. White Fang and The Call of the Wild are his most famous stories and are about surviving in the Alaskan wilderness. Readers can enjoy Jack London's energy and his talent for telling wonderful stories each time they open one of his novels.

阅读理解

    In many developed countries, people who have high degrees begin to work longer than those who don't. About 65% of American men aged 62-74 with a professional degree are in the workforce (劳动人口), compared with 32% of men who only finish high school. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated wealthy and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound (意义深远的).

    The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿) translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift (变化) will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling (渐增的) ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems.

    Policies are partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap (获得) rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding (先前的) generation. Technological change may well reinforce (强化) that shift: the skills that complement (补充) computers, from management know-how to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.

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