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题型:阅读理解 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通

辽宁省葫芦岛市2018届高三下学期英语第一次模拟考试试卷

阅读理解

    According to new research from the University of Cambridge in England, sheep are able to recognize human faces from photographs.

    The farm animals, who are social and have large brains, were previously known to be able to recognize one another, as well as familiar humans. However, their ability to recognize human faces from photos alone is novel.

    The recent study, the results of which were published in the journal Royal Society; Open Science, show the woolly creatures could be trained to recognize still images of human faces, including those of former President Barack Obama and actress Emma Watson.

    Initially, the sheep were trained to approach certain images by being given food rewards. Later, they were able to recognize the images for which they had been rewarded. The sheep could even recognize images of faces shown at an angle, though their ability to do so declined by about 15 percent—the same rate at which a human's ability to perform the same task declines.

    “Anyone who has spent time working with sheep will know that they are intelligent and individual animals who are able to recognize their handlers.” said Professor Jenny Morton, who led the Cambridge study. “We've shown with our study that sheep have advanced face-recognition abilities, close to those of humans and monkeys.”

    Recognizing faces is one of the most important social skills for human beings, and some disorders of the brain, including Huntington's disease, affect this ability.

    “Sheep are long-lived and have brains that are similar in size and complexity to those of some monkeys. That means they can be useful models to help us understand disorders of the brain, such as Huntington's disease that develop over a long time and affect cognitive (认识的) abilities. Our study gives us another way to monitor how these abilities change.” Morton said.

(1)、According to the new research, what's unusual about sheep?
A、They have large brains. B、They can recognize their owners. C、They can tell animals from humans. D、They can recognize human faces from photographs.
(2)、How did the researchers train the sheep?
A、By giving food rewards. B、By showing photos of famous people. C、By guiding them to follow their handlers. D、By showing photos of humans and monkeys by tums.
(3)、What can be inferred from the passage?
A、Sheep have a higher face-recognition ability than monkeys. B、The new discovery is of great benefit to the study of cognitive ability changes. C、The sheep's face-recognition ability may prevent some disorders of the brain. D、The sheep's face-recognition ability stays the same when shown photos at any angle.
(4)、What's the best title of the passage?
A、A Wonderful Scientist. B、The Life of Sheep. C、A New Discovery about Sheep. D、How Sheep Recognize Each Other.
举一反三
阅读理解

    Here is your best chance to travel around the UK in 2012: More than 200 B&Bs(bed & breakfast)across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are selected to offer you amazing services for your stay at their lowest prices! Don't miss it. Just collect the vouchers(活动券)in our B&B Daily printed from 01/04/2012 to 07/04/2012 and book the stays for your travel following the terms and conditions below:

    The offer includes a room for the night and a breakfast the next morning.

The offer is of two kinds: £20 per room, valid(有效的)during stay period of 02/04/2012—31/05/2012 and then again 01/09/2012—31/10/2012;£35 per room, per night, valid during stay period of 01/06/2012—31/08/2012.

    The offer is valid for a basic twin or double room only.

    The stay must be booked directly with the chosen B&Bs before 28/04/2012.

    Each voucher can only be used by the holder to book one room for one night.

    If voucher holders book either the £20 or £35 per room per night, any additional services such as lunch, evening meal or activities may require an extra charge. But these are not required in order to take up the offer. Please check directly with your chosen B&Bs to see what extra services are available.

    Vouchers must be presented on arrival. If no vouchers are presented, the     B&Bs may reserve(保留)the right to charge at full price for every night of stay.

    Vouchers may not be used together with any other offer.

    The voucher holders must pay for the stay in full at the time of booking. Additional £10 may be paid to confirm(确认)the booking and will be returned on arrival.

    The B&Bs reserve the right to refuse voucher holders' bookings for people under the age of 18.

阅读理解

    Some people think the government should move the big companies and factories in cities to the countryside. To what extent do you agree?

    Due to the increased urbanization, there appears a bunch of heated social problems. Some people have noticed that there are many big companies and factories in the city and they believe that moving those big companies and factories into countryside could be a good way to solve many of the city problems, such as traffic issues and housing problems. However, I hold an opposite opinion to them and I will explain it as below.

    Cities have much more advantages than countryside. There are more cinemas, restaurants and shopping malls in cities, let alone better education and health care. Living in cities makes life more convenient and enjoyable. Thus not everyone is willing to move to countryside in spite of their companies' moving. They have got cars, which transfers them easily between work and home. Therefore, the pressure of traffic will not be released due to such solution. As for the available empty places spared by the big companies, the newest small companies will take good care of them—with the realization of the benefits that running a business in cities will bring to them. In other words, situation of housing will not be improved much.

    Besides, there will be more problems if big companies and factories move out. Where there are big companies and factories, there will be cities sooner or later. Consequently, countryside is to be disappearing. What's more, industrial pollution is not an easily mended problem.

    In conclusion, moving big companies and factories out of cities is never a final solution. It tackles(解决) no problem but causes lots of them. Just imagine. The traffic is still terrible, and there is no more scenic countryside. We should look into other ways to solve the problems.

阅读理解

    At first glance Esther Okade seems like a normal 10-year-old. She loves dressing up, playing with Barbie dolls and going to the park or shopping. But what makes the British-Nigerian youngster stand out is the fact that she's also a university undergraduate.

    Esther, from Walsall, an industrial town in the UK's West Midlands region, is one of the country's youngest college freshmen. The talented 10-year-old enrolled at the Open University, a UK-based distance learning college, in January and is already top of the class, having recently scored 100% in a recent exam.

    "It's so interesting. It has the type of maths I love. It's real maths-theories, complex numbers, all that type of stuff," she smiles. "I want to finish the course in two years. Then I'm going to do my PhD in financial maths when I'm 13. I want to have my own bank by the time I'm 15 because I like numbers and I like people and banking is a great way to help people." she adds.

    Esther has always jumped ahead of her peers. She sat her first Math GSCE exam, a British high school qualification, at Ounsdale High School in Wolverhampton at just six, where she received a C-grade. A year later, she got the A-grade she wanted. Then last year she scored a B-grade when she sat the Math A-level exam.

    Not content with breaking barriers to attend college at just 10 years old, Esther is also writing a series of math workbooks for children called "Yummy Yummy Algebra."

    "It starts at a beginner level-that's volume one. But then there will be volume two, and volume three, and then volume four. As long as you can add or subtract, you'll be able to do it. I want to show other children they are special." she says.

阅读理解

    The Chicago Fine Chocolate Show took place in November. Pastry chefs (面包师) from around the country handed out samples of their very best work. Chef Scott Green, a chocolate sculptor, impressed the attendees at the show. Not only did he bring his work for all to see,but he also made chocolate sculptures right then and there.

    Green talked to TFK about his job as a chocolate sculptor. He explained that he thinks of himself as an artist who just happens to work with chocolate rather than wood or stone. “I have been around chocolate so long that it isn't chocolate anymore,” he said. To learn more about the job of a chocolate sculptor, read on.

    TFK: What was the hardest thing that you have ever carved, and what was it made of?

    GREEN: In 2017, I did the U.S. Pastry Championship, and I had to carve it castle out of white chocolate for the competition. I didn't have a lot of experience, and white chocolate is hard to carve. That was the hardest thing I have ever carved.

    TFK: How long does it take to make an average sculpture?

    GREEN: For me, it takes a couple of days. Most of that time is getting all the pieces ready. The easiest part is gluing it all together. Chocolate is used for glue. It holds together very well.

    TFK: How much chocolate do you use per sculpture?

    GREEN: It depends on the sculpture. For a show piece, I maybe use 20 to 60 pounds of chocolate. You have to be really strong to lift it. I always ask for help.

    TFK: Is it easier to work with sugar or chocolate?

    GREEN: They are very different. Generally speaking, it is easier to work with chocolate. Chocolate likes being poured into molds (模具), and it sets at room temperature. Sugar is much more fragile. It is very hot when you work with it and not as easy.

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    "No matter where you are or what time it is there's something going on at a Hard Rock Cafe. All over the world our cafes not only serve great food, but they serve up great music." Hard Rock Cafes around the world symbolize the timeless energy, originality and unifying (团结的) spirit that have helped to shape rock music over the last century.

    Founded by two Americans, the first Hard Rock Cafe (HRC) opened its doors to the public on June 14, 1971, in London. Today, HRC has become a global phenomenon with more than 180 cafes in different countries.

    HRC has also become the world's leading collector and exhibitor of rock ‘n' roll memorabilia. It all started when Eric Clapton, a regular at the first HRC, asked the staff if they could hang his guitar on the wall to mark his favourite stool (凳子) as "his spot". They did and one week later, a package from Pete Townshend arrived with a guitar and a note with the message, "Mine's as good as his! Love, Pete."

    Ever since then, Hard Rock Cafes have been collecting pieces of rock memorabilia and covering their walls with them. Their collection is rotated from restaurant to restaurant and provides the world's most comprehensive "visual history" of rock ‘n' roll. These treasures include an awe-inspiring collection of classic guitars and other instruments, posters, music, etc.

    Throughout its history, HRC has been governed by a special service philosophy: "Love All—Serve All." Since it was established, HRC has taken part in a wide variety of humane activities around the world. Following its idea of being more than just a restaurant, HRC tries to connect its business and its passion to make the earth a safer, healthier and better place to live.

    All in all, Hard Rock Cafe International is an entertainment company that continues to successfully expand the Hard Rock brand through countless music-related activities.

阅读理解

    In our annual Readers' Choice Awards survey, we asked our readers to rate their favorite cities in the world for arts and culture. These cities are centers of music and dance, museums, and theaters. Here are four of them where you can find inspiration in the arts, starting with the top spot.

    Rome, Italy

    At its peak, the Roman Empire extended over nearly two million square miles of land across Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa. Today, that history is on display everywhere. The city's main attractions are famous not because of tourist advertisements, but because they are really so impressive. No wonder it's known as the Eternal City: You could spend forever here and find new artistic and cultural treasures every day.

    Paris, France

    Hemingway famously called Paris "a moveable feast", but wherever you go while in the city, there is always something to see, hear, taste or feel. With some 150 museums, Paris doubles as an art history class, offering the very best of the discipline across centuries and styles.

    London, United Kingdom

    London is inspiration and setting for the rise of Shakespeare, Dickens, Orwell and Eliot and the breeding ground for all those iconic (标志性的) bands: The Kinks, The Clash and The Stones. London is also Banksy's favorite canvas, home to more than 1,000 galleries, and the kind of place where you can spend a whole day in a single museum and still be ready for more when it opens the next morning.

    Vienna, Austria

    As we all know, Western music would be unrecognizable without Austria's capital, which nurtured many famous musicians. It's also the site of the Vienna Secession, a revolutionary art movement founded in 1897 by Gustav Klimt. Visitors today can see the fruits of all that creativity in the city's 100 – odd museums.

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