When foreigners negotiate, or register in certain areas of China, they may be {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(surprise) at Chinese's special fondness and preference for seals. To Chinese, seals are an art of deep cultural roots, {#blank#}2{#/blank#} combines the essence of both calligraphy(书法) and sculpture and inspires generations to study, to appreciate and to collect.

    It is believed that seals came out as early {#blank#}3{#/blank#} 8,000 years ago after our ancestors could make pottery wares(陶瓷)and had private property. They were assumed to make marks on {#blank#}4{#/blank#}(they) own possessions to prevent them from being stolen. When the first dynasty {#blank#}5{#/blank#}(found),the king began to use seals to empower(授权)and to show lordly credits. Only the king's special seal was then called "Xi", {#blank#}6{#/blank#}(represent) the highest authority. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, had his "Xi"{#blank#}7{#/blank#}(make) out of the invaluable and beautiful jade "Heshi Bi".

    Then the local governments also needed seals for {#blank#}8{#/blank#} same function. Meanwhile, private seals were carved in a variety of lucky {#blank#}9{#/blank#}(character)and vivid animal patterns.{#blank#}10{#/blank#}(gradual). the sphragistics (印章学) came into being.

    It's difficult to say exactly when IWD(International Women's Day) began. It dates back to 1908, {#blank#}1{#/blank#} 15,000 women marched through New York City demanding voting rights, better pay and {#blank#}2{#/blank#}(short) working hours.

    A year later, the first National Woman's Day {#blank#}3{#/blank#}(allow) in the US on February 28, according to an announcement by the Socialist Party of America.

    In 1910, a woman {#blank#}4{#/blank#}(call) Clara Zetkin—leader of the "women's office" for the Social Democratic Party in Germany came up with the idea of International Women's Day. She suggested that every country {#blank#}5{#/blank#} (celebrate) International Women's Day on one day every year to push for their demands.

    A meeting of more than 100 women from 17 {#blank#}6{#/blank#}(country) agreed to her suggestion and IWD was formed. In 1911, it was celebrated for {#blank#}7{#/blank#} first time in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland {#blank#}8{#/blank#} March 19.

    In 1913, it was decided {#blank#}9{#/blank#}(change) IWD to March 8, and it has been celebrated on that day ever since. The day was only recognized by the United Nations in 1975. It {#blank#}10{#/blank#}(create) a theme (主题) each year for the celebration ever since.