Stephen William Hawking (born on January 8, 1942) is an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, author and Director of Research at the Centre for Theoretical Cosmology within the University of Cambridge. As a child, he was enthusiastic about{#blank#}1{#/blank#}(design) complicated toys but {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (unfortunate), in his twenties, he suffered{#blank#}3{#/blank#}a disease that couldn't be cured,{#blank#}4{#/blank#}was a great challenge for him. As the condition {#blank#}5{#/blank#}(progress) over the years, finally he became almost entirely paralysed (瘫痪的) and could only communicate through a speech generating device. However, not only was he positive about the misfortunes, but he also eventually defeated all the {#blank#}6{#/blank#} (obstacle) and became {#blank#}7{#/blank#} (absorb) in his research into the universe. In 1988, his best-seller A Brief History of Time{#blank#}8{#/blank#}(publish), in which he put forward the idea that time{#blank#}9{#/blank#}(it) has a beginning, and that it will have an end. This book stayed on the British Sunday Times best-seller list for a record-breaking 237 weeks. In{#blank#}10{#/blank#} (conclude), he has made outstanding contributions to the fields of cosmology and quantum gravity.

    The computer began as a calculating machine in France in 1642. It could make difficult sums much {#blank#}1{#/blank#}  (simple). In 1936 Alan Turing wrote a book about how the computer could be made to work as a "universal machine"   {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (solve) any difficult mathematical problem.

    At{#blank#}3{#/blank#} beginning, the computer was {#blank#}4{#/blank#}large as a room. This really worried the designers. As time   {#blank#}5{#/blank#} (go) by, it became smaller and smaller. With artificial {#blank#}6{#/blank#} (intelligent), it is getting cleverer and cleverer, quicker and quicker.

    In the early 1960s, computers could{#blank#}7{#/blank#}connect) by a network,{#blank#}8{#/blank#} enabled their users to share information {#blank#}9{#/blank#} others. Since the 1970s, computers have had many new{#blank#}10{#/blank#}(application) and become very important in communication, finance, trade and even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.

—Yes.I have never heard a {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(excite) one.

    Almost all the ice covering the Bering Sea has melted(融化), scientists have confirmed, {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (throw) communities living around {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (it) shores into disorder. The region's ice cover {#blank#}3{#/blank#} (normal) lasts for at least another month, and this year it has disappeared earlier than any other year except 2017.

    Living in {#blank#}4{#/blank#} northern Pacific Ocean between Alaska and Russia, the Bering Sea is experiencing the climate change and has drawn attention this year for record-breaking levels of winter melting. In February, rising Arctic temperatures {#blank#}5{#/blank#} (lead) to around half the region's disappearing in the space of two weeks.

    A report {#blank#}6{#/blank#} (send) by the International Arctic Research Centre at the University of Alaska Fairbanks has outlined the real-world effects of these surprising environmental {#blank#}7{#/blank#} (change) on the many communities {#blank#}8{#/blank#} live in the Bering Sea region.

    In their report, the International Arctic Research Centre scientists wrote that while not every year will be as bad as this one, ice {#blank#}9{#/blank#} (form) is likely to remain low if the Bering Sea's waters remain warm. They also warn that communities will need to "prepare for more winters {#blank#}10{#/blank#} low sea ice and stormy conditions".