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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

福建省龙岩市2018届高三上学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读理解

    Sweet or salty? What kind of tastes do you like? If like me, you have a sweet tooth and you probably can't resist eating cakes, biscuits or chocolate and will sweeten your tea or coffee with spoonfuls of sugar-delicious! But the taste makes it very easy to ignore the warnings that too much of the white stuff(东西)is bad for our health.

    Consuming sugar is an addiction-the more we eat, the more we want. Today's processed food, like ready meals, is related to the stuff and many fizzy(起泡的)drinks contain seven teaspoons of sugar in just one can. In the UK, statistics show that sugar consumption is at its highest level in history and the government is trying to get the food industry to cut the amount of sugar in popular products like chocolate bars by 20% by 2020.

    Of course, sugary food tastes nice, it can help lift our mood, and a part in it can refresh us. But there are dangers too :a high-sugar diet is linked to putting on weight, and being overweight can increase the risk of getting type 2 diabetes(糖尿病). With these warning signs, I have considered changing my diet by replacing sugary snacks with fruit and salty biscuits-but that's boring!

I'm not alone. BBC journalist Radhika Shanghani, has gone one step further. Encouraged by some well-knowns and nutritionists promoting a 'zero tolerance' approach to sugar, she gave it up altogether, thinking it would make her healthier. Initially she says, “My first fortnight involves mood swings. I have disturbing headaches and feel permanently hung-over.” These symptoms disappeared but she still found food shopping hard as she was stressing about buying the right things.

    Her experiment wasn't a success. She eventually sought advice from Susan Jebb, professor of diet and population health at Oxford University who said: “Lots of people enjoy sugar and gain pleasure from it, so one has to find a balance between enjoyment and eating the right amount.”

(1)、What is a person with a sweet tooth most likely to do?
A、Reject sweet cakes. B、Have his coffee black. C、Add sugar to his drinks. D、Remember the harm of sweet food.
(2)、What can we infer from the 2nd and 3rd paragraphs?
A、Sugar consumption is all bad for us. B、Processed food contains no sugar. C、People in UK tend to consume less sugar. D、Chocolate bars are popular with the British.
(3)、Why does the author want to change his diet?
A、To avoid being overweight. B、To quit his boring life. C、To enjoy sugar-free food. D、To cheer himself up.
(4)、What can we learn about the BBC journalist?
A、She replaced her usual diet with salty biscuits. B、She promoted a balance between joy and pressure. C、She reduced her sugar consumption successfully. D、She suffered some side effects from eating no more sugar.
举一反三
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Are you new to experiencing relationships ? Well, let me give you some advice on how to have a healthy relationship with your partners.

    Be an honest person with them. Don't hide things from them, and don't lie. Don't be afraid to say things that aren't flattering about yourself. Getting them to trust you is the most important thing in any relationship. If there is no trust, there's nothing there. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    Make sure you give them respect. Now, respect isn't just simply treating them nicely. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} You have to learn to adjust to their liking. Basically, learn to study your partner's moods, wants and needs. Don't just think about yourself, but think about what your partners need as well.

    Make sure you are encouraging to your partners. Always be willing to help them and give them honesty and positive things at the time {#blank#}3{#/blank#}. Make them feel you are someone they can count on and build a future with.

    Make sure you have a good sense of humor with them. Laughter is the key to happiness. Laugh a lot with them, and joke with them {#blank#}4{#/blank#}, Laughter may seem silly, but it's the secret to a lot in life. It will keep the sparks alive.

    Make sure the communication is good. This usually goes along with trust, so always communicate how you feel even if it's something that upsets you. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} If they did something that made you unhappy, tell them about it in a respectful manner. It's important to communicate this to them, not to keep it bottled up.

A.There is a lot more to it.

B.Show them your personality.

C.Instead of screaming, talk to them.

D.Laughter keeps the relationship strong and lasting.

E.So please be honest and they'll learn to open up to you.

F.Don't expect too much in a relationship.

G.Your partners should be able to count on you when necessary.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Next time you raise an eyebrow at the views of your partner, friend, sibling (兄弟姐妹) or colleague, remember they could be helping to make you smarter.

    New research shows that intelligence is not fixed but can be boosted throughout adulthood by family members, bright mates and intellectually stretching (拉伸) careers.

    The study challenges the commonly held belief that intelligence is static by the age of about 18. Current scientific consensus suggests that intelligence is controlled by genes, with environmental factors such as schooling and nutrition playing a partial role up to this age. After this point, IQ scores stabilize (稳定).

    But James Flynn, professor of political studies and psychology at the University of Otago in New Zealand, argues that people can “upgrade” their own intelligence throughout their lives. He believes intellectual stimulation (刺激) from others is crucial as the “brain seems to be rather like a muscle – the more you use it, the stronger it gets”. However, the opposite is also true – so people sharing a home or workplace with those who are intellectually challenged risk seeing their IQ levels fall as a result.

    He found the “understanding quality” of a family changes the IQs of all members, especially children. It can “lift” or hold back, depending on the “gap between their brightness and that of their siblings and parents”. A bright ten-year-old with brothers and sisters of average intelligence will suffer a five to ten point IQ disadvantage, compared to a similar child with equally bright siblings. However, children with a low IQ could gain six to eight points by having brighter siblings and special educational treatment to help pull them up.

    Professor Flynn also concluded that although genetics and early life experiences determine about 80 percent of intelligence, the remaining 20 percent is linked to lifestyle. This means that people can raise their IQ, or allow it to fall, by ten points or more. Therefore, the best way to boost IQ level is to mix with bright friends, find an intellectually challenging job and marry someone cleverer.

阅读理解

    Still looking for a job? Here are some opportunities for you!

    Housekeeper

    We are looking for someone to clean the houses of two families with pets on a weekly basis. There is a part-time position that would average 10 to 15 hours per week. We're looking for someone who is interested in this type of work. This position requires a driver's license and your own car. Previous experience is needed.

    If you're happy with the duties and scheduling, please contact us for an interview. Our number is 256883-4598.

    Life Insurance Agents

    Lincoln Heritage Life Insurance Company is the Nation's Leader in Final Expense. The Lincoln Heritage Funeral Advantage@program is an affordable and convenient way for individuals to get Final Expense life insurance. No experience needed. If you are interested in making a career for yourself, call us today! 888 713-6020.

    Truck Driver

    You will earn up to &1,500 weekly PLUS get home weekends. You'll never be far from home and you'll be earning great pay. Don't let this limited opportunity pass you by. Call Mainstream today and get on the road to be your own BOSS!

    Qualifications:

    A clear driving license.

    6 months over-the-road driving experience required.

    Tel:485 353-235

    Dental Assistant

    A general dentistry office is seeking a dental assistant.

    Qualifications:

    High school graduate in the US, Dental Assisting Certification, X-ray license, 2 years of experience.

    Fluent in Spanish and being able to work on Saturday is required.

    Full-time is preferred. However, a part-time option would be considered.

    If interested in this position, please call 256 882-4800 for additional information.

阅读理解

    Gardening is a very popular hobby. And it is one that produces wonderful results – food for your dinner table and flowers for your home! Gardens themselves can be very beautiful. So you would think that a garden path is a great place to be. Well, in conversation, it is not. Leading someone up the garden path means you are trying to trick them. You are not trying to show them your beautiful flowers.

    Speaking of beautiful flowers, gardeners love to see small buds (芽) forming on their plants. Besides plants and flowers, people can bud, too. If a child is good at drawing and painting, we can call him a budding artist. So “budding” describes something that is beginning to develop.

    On the opposite end, you stop something from growing if you nip it in the bud. This is a common expression when we talk about stopping something bad and preventing it from continuing. It's good to nip small problems in the bud before they turn into big problems.

    Now flowers that bloom (开花)are beautiful to see – even garden-variety flowers. “Garden-variety” describes anything that is common and not so special. You can have a garden-variety cold—not a serious illness.

    Now, a problem that many gardeners have is weeds. Weeds grow easily and can quickly take over a garden. In conversation, we sometimes use “weeds” to mean too many details. So, if you are in the weeds, you are taken over by too many details.

    As we said, weeds grow quickly. So do children. So, we like to say a child grows like a weed. This expression compares a child's fast growth to that of a weed.

阅读理解

    Last fall, I happened to overhear a student telling the others he had decided not to sign up for an introductory philosophy course. The demands of his major, he said seriously, meant he needed to take "practical" courses, and "enlightenment" would simply have to wait. For now, employability was the most important.

    The students' conversation fits into a larger alarming narrative about the role of the humanities in higher education. In a time of dizzying technological achievement and of rapid scientific innovation, sceptics of the humanities may question the usefulness of studying Aristotle, the Italian Renaissance or Chinese fiction.

    Actually, I regret not interrupting that student to argue for taking that introductory philosophy course. I would have started by reminding him that, for much of America's history, college graduates were not considered truly educated unless they had mastered philosophy, literature, political theory and history. The key role of higher education was to invite students into the conversations about matters like what it means to be alive and the definition of justice. Fostering engagement with these subjects is still an essential part of the university's function in society.

    I would have also mentioned to the student that he was misinformed about the job market. It is true that many employers are looking for graduates with specialized technical skills, but they also look for other capabilities. As the world is transformed by artificial intelligence, machine learning and automation, the unique human qualities of creativity, imagination and moral reasoning will be the ultimate coin of the realm. All these skills are developed in humanities courses.

    Further, I would have argued that while a degree anchored in the sciences is an important precondition for many jobs, it is not the only route. Look no further than the founders of companies such as LinkedIn, Slack and Flickr, who are among the many tech businesspersons with degrees in the humanities, and who credit that training for their success.

    Contrary to the widely held belief that humanities majors have a hard time getting jobs, recent studies show that those with humanities degrees are successful in the workplace, experiencing low rates of unemployment and reporting high levels of job satisfaction. The ratio between average median(中位数) incomes for humanities degree holders and those with business, engineering, and health and medical sciences degrees has been shown to narrow over the course of a career.

    The case for the humanities can also be understood in less transactional terms and more as a foundational preparation for a life well lived. A humanities education plays a vital role in encouraging citizens to lead an examined life. It fosters critical thinking, self-reflection, empathy and tolerance, the usefulness of which only becomes more apparent as one navigates life's challenges.

    By all means, students should take courses they think practical and follow their interests, but if they also make a point of studying the literature of the Renaissance, or researching into modern poetry, or even taking introductory philosophy, we will all benefit.

 阅读理解

It was very late and everyone had left the cafe except an old man who sat in the shadow the leaves of the tree made against the electric light. In the day time the street was dusty,but at night the dew settled the dust and the old man liked to sit late because he was deaf and now at night it was quiet and he felt the difference,The two waiters inside the cafe knew that the old man was a little drunk,and while he was a good client they knew that if he became too drunk he would leave without paying,so they kept watch on him. 

"Last week he tried to commit suicide,"one waiter said. 

"Why?"

"He was in despair. "

"What about?"

 "Nothing. "

"How do you know it was nothing?" 

"He has plenty of money. "

They sat together at a table that was close against the wall near the door of the cafe and looked at the terrace(露台)where the tables were ll empty except where the old man sat in the shadow of the leaves of the tree that moved slightly in the wind. 

"The guard will pick him up,"one waiter said. 

"What does it matter if he gets what he's after?"

"He had better get off the street now. The guard will get him. They went by five minutes ago. "

The old man sitting in the shadow tapped his saucer with his glass. The younger waiter went over to him. 

"What do you want?"

The old man looked at him. "Another brandy,"he said. 

"You'll be drunk,"the waiter said. The old man looked at him. The waiter went away. 

"He'll stay all night,"he said to his colleague. "I'm sleepy now. I never get into bed before three o'clock. He should have killed himself last week. "

The younger waiter took the brandy bottle and marched out to the old man's table. 

"You should have killed yourself last week,"he said to the deaf man. The old man motioned with his finger. "A little more,"he said. The waiter poured on into the glass. "Thank you,"the old man said. The waiter took the bottle back inside the cafe. He sat down at the table with his colleague again. 

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