题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
新疆昌吉市2017-2018学年高一上学期英语期末考试试卷
How you calm yourself before giving a speech? Both modern research and centuries of experience from experienced(有经验的)public speakers suggest some practical(实用的)advice.
Know to whom you'll be speaking, and learn as much about your audience(听众) as you can. The more you can expect the kind of reaction your listeners will have to your speech, the more comfortable you'll be in delivering your message. Be audience-centered rather than speaker-centered.
You will feel less nervous if you talk about something you are familiar with or have some personal experience of. Your comfort with the subject of the speech will be reflected in your delivery.
The better prepared you are, the less anxiety(焦虑)you will experience. Being prepared means that you have researched your topic and practiced your speech several times before you deliver it.
You are likely to feel the most nervous during the opening moments of your speech. Therefore, it is a good idea to have a clear plan for how you will start your speech. Being familiar with your introduction(介绍)will help you feel more comfortable about the entire speech. If you know how you will end your speech, you will have a safe harbor in case you lose your place. If you need to end your speech ahead of time, a well-delivered conclusion can permit you to make a graceful exit.
One of the symptoms(症状) of nervousness is a change in your breathing and heart rates. Nervous speakers tend to take short, shallow breaths. To help break the anxiety—reduce breathing pattern, consider taking a few slow deep breaths before you rise to speak.
A. Know your introduction and your conclusion(总结).
B. Channel(引导) your nervous energy.
C. Know your audience.
D. Use deep-breathing techniques.
E. Be prepared.
F. Select(选择)an suitable topic.
G. To talk with your friends before giving a speech.
While serious training is important for all dogs, playtime is just as important. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Use these games to help teach your dog how to play.
1). Hide and Seek
Hide and seek isn't just for kids. Dogs can really enjoy this game. Pick up one of your dog's favorite toys or treats. Tell your dog to stay. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} When you are ready, call your dog to come to you. If possible, squeak (使吱吱叫) the toy or shake the treats. Reward your dog with praise and the toy or treat when she finds you.
2). Fetch
Many dogs have a natural ability to fetch. Other dogs can be taught how. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Play indoors with a soft toy or outdoors in a fenced-in area with a ball or disc. For dogs that really love to run, try this game of fetch!
3). Find the Treat
Dogs have superior senses of smell, and most love to use their noses to find food. Let your dog use her brain and her nose to find hidden goodies. First, have your dog stay out of sight. Then, hide her favorite treats in various places around the room. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} If help is needed, you can lead her around or point to areas for her to explore.
Whatever the game, safety comes first! Remember to watch your dog for signs of exhaustion or overheating when you are playing. Stop if your dog seems tired or shows signs of anxiety. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} When other dogs or people are around, it may create a dangerous distraction.
A. Then, go to find a good hiding place. B. Try different games to see which your dog responds to best. C. A good game of fetch can be played almost anywhere. D. You can include games in training as well. E. Also be aware of your surroundings when playing with your dog. F. Encourage your dog to play with other dogs. G. Bring your dog back in and tell her to “go find!” |
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