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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

河南省豫北名校联盟2017届高三上学期英语精英对抗赛试卷

阅读理解

    Most academics would view a post at an elite university like Oxford or Harvard as the crowning achievement of a career—bringing both honour and access to better wine cellars. But scholars desire such places for reasons beyond glory. They believe perching on one of the topmost branches of the academic tree will also improve the quality of their work, by bringing them together with other geniuses with whom they can collaborate and who may help spark new ideas. This sounds reasonable. Unfortunately,as Albert Laszlo Barabasi of Northeastern University,in Boston (and also, it must be said, of Harvard), shows in a study published in Scientific Reports, it is not true.

    Dr Barabasi and his team examined the careers of physicists who began publishing between 1950 and 1980 and continued to do so for at least 20 years. They ranked the impact of the institutions these people attended by counting the number of citations each institution's papers received within five years of publication. By tracking the association of individual physicists and counting their citations in a similar way, Dr Barabasi was able to work out whether moving from a low to a high-ranking university improved a physicist's impact. In total, he and his team analysed 2,725 careers.

    They found that, though an average physicist moved once or twice during his career, moving from a low-rank university to an elite one did not increase his scientific impact. Going in the opposite direction, however, did have a small negative influence. The consequence is that elite university do not,at least as far as physicists are concerned,add value to output. That surprising conclusion is one which the authorities in countries such as Britain, who are seeking to concentrate expensive subjects such as physics in fewer, more elite institutions—partly to save money, but also to create what are seen as centers of excellence—might wish to consider.

(1)、What is the fundamental reason why scholars want to get a post at an elite university?
A、Their academic career can benefit from it. B、It is an access to better wine cellars. C、Reasons beside glory. D、They can win honour.
(2)、On what basis did Dr Barabasi's research team draw conclusions that getting a post at a higher-rank university won't help scholastic impact?
A、His team examined the 20-year careers of physicists. B、He came from Havard, a top-ranking university himself and knew it well. C、Individual physicists' citations by other authors increased within 5 years. D、They ranked the physicists' institutions according to citations to these universities' paper.
(3)、Which of the following is true of Dr Barabasi's research?
A、It proved that a post at an elite university helps academics. B、It began in 1950 and ended in 1980. C、It calculated the citations of the physicists' institutions. D、It is based on a lot more than 2,000 scholars of various fields.
举一反三
阅读理解

    Tea,the most typical English drink,became established in Britain because of the influence of a foreign princess,Catherine of Braganza,the queen of Charles II.As a lover of tea since her childhood in Portugal,she brought tea-drinking to the English royal court and set a trend for the beverage in the 17th century.The fashion soon spread beyond the circle of the nobility to the middle classes,and tea became a popular drink at the London coffee houses where people met to do business and discuss events of the day.Many employers served a cup of tea to their workers in the middle of the morning,thus inventing a lasting British institution,the“tea break”. However,drinking tea in social settings outside the workplace was beyond the means of the majority of British people.It came with a high price tag and tea was taxed as well.

    Around 1 800,the seventh Duchess of Bedford,Anne Maria,began the popular practice of“afternoon tea,”a ceremony taking place at about four o'clock.Until then,people did not usually eat or drink anything between lunch and dinner.At approximately the same time,the Earl of Sandwich popularized a new way of eating bread—in thin slices,with something like jam or cucumbers between them.Before long,a small meal at the end of the afternoon,involving tea and sandwiches,had become part of the British way of life.

    As tea became much cheaper during the 19th century,its popularity spread right through all corners of the British society.Thus,tea became Britain's favorite drink.In working-class households,it was served with the main meal of the day,eaten when workers returned home after a day's labor.This meal has become known as“high tea”.Today,tea can be drunk at any time of the day,and accounts for over two-fifths of all drinks consumed in Britain-with the exception of water.

阅读理解

    If you're traveling with kids in London, many London hotels have special services and features to help the family holiday, offering services to kids as well as games, bike hire and free ice cream!

Athenaeum

    The five­star Athenaeum is a fantastic family hotel,particularly with the addition of its kids' services. Even before you arrive, they'll be in touch to make sure your kids have their favorite DVDs, treats and anything else to keep them happy. And they can arrange your perfect family activities, from bike hire to theater tickets.

Novotel

    Novotel's family rooms are designed to accommodate two adults and two children. Accommodation and breakfast are free for under­16s(up to two staying in their parents' room).You can also enjoy a late check­out at 5 p. m. on a Sunday, and while you lie in, the kids can entertain themselves with the Cartoon Network.

Chessington Safari Hotel

    At Chessington Safari Hotel, kids will love staying in an African adventure­themed room, having breakfast, overlooking the animals of the Wanyama Reserve, watching family­friendly movies and getting into the theme park before it opens.

The Ritz

    Kids at The Ritz are treated just as well as their parents, if not better! Children can enjoy computer games and DVDs, free ice cream and their own bathrobes and slippers. Under­16s can stay for free in their parents' bedroom, depending on the room type.

Marlin Apartments

    Marlin Apartments operate more than 700 serviced apartments in London. Apartments are all within five minutes' walk of the Tube(Good for tired little legs!) with flat screen TVs, fully equipped kitchens and free Wi­Fi. One or two bedroom family apartments have extra room for folding beds in the living area.

阅读理解

    The U.S. has countless secret swimming holes throughout most states, many of which you've likely never heard of unless you're from the area.

Havasu Falls (Arizona)

This attractive waterfall in the Grand Canyon is undoubtedly a destination spot requiring a 10-mile walk to the falls. You can take a guided tour to the falls, or make it on your own. The Havasu Falls are on the Havasupai Indian Reservation, which means you'll need to get a permit to visit — this has become increasingly difficult as more people discover this hidden place.

Hamilton Pool (Austin)

Hamilton Pool was created when an underground river's roof fell down suddenly; exposing what is now the swimming hole and creating a 50-foot waterfall that flows over the above limestone(石灰岩). You'll have to reserve beforehand to gain entry to the Hamilton Pool Preserve.

Chutes and Ladders (Maui)

To get to this secret swimming hole, you'll have to take a rope 40 feet down the face of a cliff, and then climb down about 8 feet of lava rock to the pool. Once there, however, you'll be glad you made the journey. The swimming hole is on the edge of the ocean — a natural pool, you could say — with a depth that invites you to jump in without crowds of people around to watch.

Homestead Crater (Utah)

The Homestead Crater is hidden under a rock dome(圆顶) with an opening at the top that allows for sunlight and air. It was once only accessible by that top opening, but there is now easy access through a side path for visitors. Go for a swim in this beautiful mineral water spring.

阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    TV, iPads, and computers are fun and sometimes educational, but many people think the technology is bad. My parents let me watch one or two shows or play a game on the iPad for an hour, but then make me find thing else to do, like read or draw a picture. They say that too much screen time won't help me become smarter.

    I think that it is okay to watch TV, but not too much. And some of my friends agree.

    "A tiny bit of screen time is okay," Mateo J., 7, said. "But too much of it is not good for your brain."

    Though my friends and I sometimes complain (抱怨), we think that it's good our parents limit our screen time.

    "Our parents should limit our technology time because otherwise you might get carried away and not even know that you've stayed inside all day watching TV," Naomi J. , 9, said.

    The American Academy of Pediatrics(AAP) used to recommend (推荐) that parents let kids have about two hours of screen time per day, but in 2016, they started recommending that parents of kids 6 and older decide for themselves how much time is okay, as long as the shows and games are appropriate. The AAP still says that kids 2-5 years old should have only about one hour of screen time per day, and kids under 2 no screen time at all. The AAP says that media you've stayed inside all day in all forms, including TV, computers, and smartphones, can affect how children feel, learn, think, and behave. However, parents are still the most important influence.

    I think TV shows like Brain Games and Cupcake Wars are inspiring. I've even learned some magic while watching Brain Games! Video games can be educational, as some TV shows are about nature, and other shows have useful messages. But some games and shows have bad things in them, like smoking.

    You can play outside instead of watching TV. Find other things to do. You don t have to be or screens all day.

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

    Studies have shown most people fail to realize how much time they spend on their smart­phones each day.

    Frank and Amelia's family were put to a test, using a free app called "Moment­screen Time Tracker". The Vascellaros—Frank, Amelia, 14­year­old twins Frankie and Joe, and 17­year­old Sam—all said they did not really know they were spending so much time on their phones each day.

    "Honestly, I don't feel like I'm on my phone a lot," Amelia Vascellaro said. Amelia was on her phone far less often than Frank, according to the app. While Amelia spent about an hour per day on the phone, Frank spent close to four hours on his phone—which came as a shock to him. The children's times varied but they often spent more than a couple of hours on the phone as well.

    Minneapolis­based Dr Kirsten Lind Seal sees phone usage come up a lot among families. Lind Seal said many family members' phone use has become problematic.

    "If we hear more than once, 'Do you have to be on your phone right now? Can you please put your phone down? Did you hear what I said?' it may be a sign that it is negatively influencing our family relationships and our daily lives," she said.

    Lind Seal said actually paying attention to how much time one spends on the phone is a good first step in deciding when to put it down.

    She asks parents to encourage more face­to­face communication for teens and young adults as they continue developing their social and emotional skills. "What we find is that we are really losing out on empathy—the ability to understand other people's feelings and problems——when we spend a lot of time on our smart­phones to communicate with other people she said.

阅读理解

Best Ways to Quit Smoking

    Not sure how to quit smoking cigarettes? Try the following ways to stop smoking and start your path towards a healthier, smoke-free life.

    Post this list in a visible location in your house.

    Whenever you're tempted to light up, take a look at all the ways smoking can damage your health:

    Increases risk of heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure.

    Reduces levels of folate, low levels of which can increase the risk of heart disease, depression, and Alzheimer's disease.

    Affects mental capacity and memory.

    Contributes to thin bones.

    Affects ability to smell and taste.

    Increases risk of depression in adolescents.

    To minimize cravings (欲望), change your routine.

    Sit in a different chair at breakfast or take a different route to work. If you usually have a drink and cigarette after work, change that to a walk. If you're used to a smoke with your morning coffee, switch to tea, or stop at Starbucks for a cup of java—the chain is smoke-free. You might even work better in coffee shops!

    Tell your friends, coworkers, boss, partner, and kids how you feel.

    Don't bottle up your emotions. If something makes you angry, express it instead of hiding it with cigarette smoke. If you're bored, admit to yourself that you're bored and find something energetic to do instead of lighting up.

    Make an appointment with an acupuncturist (针灸师).

    There's some evidence that auricular acupuncture (i. e., needles in the ears) controls cigarette cravings quite successfully. You can even do it yourself by taping "seeds" (small beads) onto the acupuncture points and squeezing them whenever cravings arise. Acupuncture can treat these other conditions, too.

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