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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:困难

山东省青岛市五十八中2018届高三上册英语期中考试试卷

阅读理解

    New Orleans native Keiana Cave, at the age of 18, is one of the youngest Americans named in the 2017 Forbes 30 Under 30 list. The college girl developed a molecule(分子) for dispersing (分解) oil, which she presently produces through her company Mare.

    Forbes, one of the most popular magazines in the US, released its annual 30 Under 30 lists on January 3, 2017. With 20 different categories (类别) from music to law and policy, in each area. Forbes presented 30 up-and-coming young groundbreakers (创始者) on its official website.

    Cave is comparatively much younger than those selected to her category, but this by no means discounts her exceptional ability. To  see her daughter's name on the list, Vanessa Cave-Herazo was surprised, but she said she knew it was coming because “Keiana has always been destined(注定) for great things.

    After learning about the negative effects of the oil dispersant( 分散剂) used in the Gulf Coast during the B. P. oil spill (泄露) cleanup, Cave decided to create her own dispersant. Cave raised $ 1.2 million from Chevron, an American multinational energy company, to develop her molecule in 2016.

    "It aims at certain poisons in the sea water,and breaks them up into water,”she said of herdispersant. “It is one of the few legal oil dispersants, " Cave added.

    Despite this achievement, Cave believes she has not quite yet reached success. She regards success as the amount of influence she has made on the community and the world.The creation of themolecule is an achievement,but she believes seeing her work being put to use will truly be her success.

    While Cave may have made the Forbes 30 Under 30 list early in her career, she is never going to slow down. She will make an effort to increase the growth of Mare, which is devoted to developing molecules to solve major social issues.

"Right now, Mare consists of this one molecule that I hope to expand and live up to the Forbes name," Cave said.

(1)、What caused Cave to bring forward her invention?
A、Her mother's encouragement. B、An imperfect dispersant in use. C、The huge market of dispersants. D、Her wish to be awarded by Forbes.
(2)、What can we say about Cave?
A、She has a very good sense of humor. B、She finds it hard to manage her company. C、She has a strong sense of social responsibility. D、She is fed up with new studies about molecules.
(3)、What will Cave's next step be?
A、To create legal oil dispersants. B、To develop her company Mare. C、To raise money for her project. D、To enter Chevron after graduation.
(4)、What is the main purpose of the text?
A、To announce a competition B、To describe a new company. C、To advertise (an oil dispersant. D、To report on a teenage inventor.
举一反三
阅读理解

    If you feel yourself turning into an old grouch(脾气坏的人), don't worry — happiness is just around the bend. A survey has found that although happiness dips in those in their 30s and 40s, people start to feel more content with life after the age of 50.

    However an economist found that older people will never again regain the excitement of youth. Rather it is thought that with age, individuals become more pragmatic about the ups and downs that life brings and accept their fortune.

    He questioned those in Britain, Switzerland and Germany and applied the findings to people's life cycle.

    Mr. Van Landeghem, 29, said:“A happiness curve does not necessarily imply that a 65-year-old prefers his own life to the life of a 25-year-old.”

    “Both the 25-year-old and 65-year-old might agree that it is nicer to be 25 than to be 65. But te 65-year-old might nevertheless be more satisfied, as he has learned to be satisfied with what he has.”

    It was suggested the mid-life happiness dip is because this is when people have the most responsibilities — taking care of a family, paying a mortgage (抵押贷款) and having a demanding career. The middle-aged dip in happiness was also compared to that of losing a close relative or suddenly becoming unemployed.

    The study is just one of many put forward as an indicator of what makes for a happy life.

    Psychologists concluded that having money makes you happier, but only if you have a lot more than your friends and neighbors. At the same time, you'd better have enough tie to enjoy yourself instead of spending all your time on making money.

    Separate research found that owning the house of your dreams, the car you always longed for and having millions in the bank doesn't stop that desire to keep up with the Joneses (攀比). And if the Joneses have more than you do, you'll be miserable. It seems envy at being lower in the social pecking order (权势等级) reduces the satisfaction of being well off.

    If you just do what you love and you are good at, which society also values much, you may have a higher probability to be happy. But if your job pays less, how can you stick to it in disregard of responsibilities? Happiness means different things from different points of view, and point of view grows from one's experience and knowledge. Perhaps it comes with you when you don't need to think about adult problems or when you are wise enough to understand what satisfaction is.

阅读理解

    We all love bank holidays. In the UK, we only get eight bank holidays in one year, and at least five of those occur around Christmas time and Easter time! A bank holiday is a British English term. This is an official day that is decided by the government, when banks, shops and offices close for the day even though it's a weekday—usually a Monday, and a lot of people have a day off work.

    Bank holidays are different in Colombia—firstly, they are called “festivos”. There are twenty festivos for the whole country in one year! In Britain ,people get more holiday allowance(津贴)than Colombians but fewer bank holidays. There can be even more festivos in Colombia, depending on which region of Colombia you live in. This is because different regions have their own holidays. For example, some regions have a patron saint(守护神) in their region, so they have an extra festivo to celebrate that saint.

    However, there are some days that are national holidays for historical reasons. There is an Independence Day celebration on July 20 every year. This is just like Bastille Day in France on July 14, or Independence Day in the United States on July 4. Other important festivos in Colombia are :Labour Day, on May 1, and Columbus Day on October 12. Columbus Day is a historical bank holiday that almost every county on the continent of America celebrates. This includes Colombia, Chile, Peru, Argentina, Mexico and the United States. It is a memorialization of the day that the Italian sailor, Christopher Columbus, first reached land on the continent in the year 1492. Many people criticize this day and say it is not something to celebrate because of the way Columbus and his teams treated the people that were already living there.

阅读理解

    Believe it or not, the size of the human brain has become smaller over the past 20,000 years. Scientists argue over whether this means we are becoming more or less intelligent as a species.

    “I'd call that a major downsizing in an evolutionary eye blink (眨眼),” John Hawks told Discover magazine.

    Why is the brain becoming smaller?

    There are different theories to explain it. One is that tens of thousands of years ago, before the decline began, to survive in cold and dangerous conditions, humans needed a stronger and larger body and therefore, a larger head. Also they had to chew the tough meat of rabbits, foxes and horses. As conditions improved, the brain stopped growing, according to supporters of this theory.

    Another theory comes from a recent study by David Geary and Drew Bailey. They found that brain size decreased as population density(密度) increased.

    “As complex societies appeared, the brain became smaller because people did not have to be as smart to stay alive.” Geary told AFP.

    But smaller brain size does not necessarily mean that modern humans are less smart than their ancestors. “Modern humans simply developed different, more complex forms of intelligence,” said Brian Hare.

    Hare's studies focus on two types of great apes: chimpanzees and bonobos. Both are much like humans, but are physically quite different from one another. The bonobo has a smaller brain than the chimpanzee, and is also much less aggressive and more tolerant.

    “When it comes to working out a problem,” Hare said, “chimpanzees are much less likely to accomplish it if it involves working together. Not so with bonobos.”

The smaller brain in modern humans may be evidence that we can cooperate,” Hare told the US National Public Radio.

阅读理解

The Alexander technique

    Until earlier this year, I didn't know anything about the Alexander technique—and saw no reason to think I should. One day, the backache I regularly suffered was more painful. I was brought up to think that the preferred way of dealing with aches is to do nothing and hope they'll go away, but I eventually went to the doctor. After examining me, he said, "You actually have bad posture (姿势). Go off and learn the Alexander technique." Three months later I could walk straighter and sit better.

    The Alexander technique is a way of learning how you can get rid of harmful tension in your body. The teaching focuses on the neck, head and back. It trains you to use your body less severely and carry out the movements that we do all the time with less effort. There is little effort in the lessons themselves, which sets apart the Alexander technique from yoga or pilates, which are exercise-based. A typical lesson involves standing in front of a chair and learning to sit and stand with minimum effort. You spend some time lying on a bench with your knees bent to straighten the spine (脊椎) and relax your body while the teacher moves your arms and legs to train you to move them correctly.

    The technique helps to break the bad habits accumulated over years. Try folding your arms the opposite way to normal. This is an example of a habit the body has formed which can be hard to break. Many of us carry our heads too far back. The head weighs four to six kilos, so any inappropriate posture can cause problems for the body. The technique teaches you to let go of the muscles holding the head back, allowing it to go back to its natural place on the top of our spines.

    So who was Alexander and how did he come up with the technique? Frederick Alexander, an Australian actor born in 1869, found in his youth that he had vocal (声音的) problems during performances. He analyzed himself and realized his posture was bad. He worked on improving it, with excellent results. He brought his technique to London and opened a teacher-training school, which is still successful today.

    So if you're walking along the road one day with shoulders bent forward, feeling weighed down by your troubles, give a thought to the Alexander technique. It will help you walk tall again.

阅读理解

    Being able to take advantage of truly unlimited data is a smartphone user's dream, but everyone I've talked to about 5G is more excited about the usage unlocked by next - generation wireless devices. From smart home security to self - driving cars, all the Internet - connected equipment in your life will be able to talk to each other at lightning - fast speed with reduced delay.

    "5 G is one of those forerunners, along with artificial intelligence, of this coming data age," said Steve Koenig, senior director of market research for the Consumer Technology Association. "Self - driving vehicles are emblematic in this data age - they show application of data completely. With one single task, driving, you have large amounts of data coming from the vehicle itself, and a variety of sensors (传感器)are collecting a lot of information to model its environment as it moves. It's pulling in data from other vehicles about conditions down the road. There's lots of data behind that task, which is why we need the speed and lower latency ((延迟).

    AR glasses and virtual (虚拟的)reality headphones haven't yet been inside the mainstream, but tech companies are joyfully saying that such equipment will eventually replace our smartphones. With 5G, that could actually happen. This is notable because companies such as Apple are reportedly developing AR glasses to improve - or even replace - smartphones.

    Ericsson showed at February's Mobile World Congress in 2019 how smart glasses could become faster and lighter with a 5G connection, because instead of being weighed down with components, the glasses could rely on outside equipment for processing power.

    But don't get too excited. There's still a lot of work to be done in the meantime, including some necessary testing to make sure the radio plays nicely with basic systems and service construction so that 5G isn't concentrated only in big cities.

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Imperial Mountain Resort in Chengde used to be the resort of emperors of Qing Dynasty. Situated in the city of Chengde in northeastern Hebei Province, the resort is {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (convenient) accessible by either train or long-distance bus. And the resort, {#blank#}2{#/blank#} constructions started in 1703 and took 89 years to complete, is regarded as one of China's four famous gardens.

Surrounded by lakes, forest and mountains, it is China's {#blank#}3{#/blank#} (large) existing imperial garden and the former summer capital of the Qing Dynasty, {#blank#}4{#/blank#} (cover) an area of 5.64 million square meters. The size of Chengde Summer Resort is as big as that of the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace {#blank#}5{#/blank#} (combine). The 10-km-long wall around it winds its way through plains and high mountains {#blank#}6{#/blank#} the Great Wall.

The resort and the 12 Buddhist temples at its periphery (外围) were built during the Qing Dynasty. It served as the second political center of the Qing imperial court {#blank#}7{#/blank#} the emperors of the early Qing Dynasty often spent their summers there, conducting state {#blank#}8{#/blank#} (affair) and engaging in important political activities. The resort and its outer temples and palaces have made Chengde {#blank#}9{#/blank#} famous historical and cultural city, and one of China's leading scenic spots. The Imperial Resort {#blank#}10{#/blank#} (list) in the directory of the world's cultural heritages in 1994.

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