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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

甘肃省肃南县第一中学2016-2017学年高二下学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读理解

                                                                     The Diet Zone: A Dangerous Place

    Diet Coke, diet Pepsi, diet pills, no-fat diet, vegetable diet… We are surrounded by the word “diet” everywhere we look and listen. We have so easily been attracted by the promise and potential of diet products that we have stopped thinking about what diet products are doing to us. We are paying for products that harm us psychologically and physically.

    Diet products significantly weaken us psychologically. On one level, we are not allowing our brain to admit that our weight problems lie not in actually losing the weight, but in controlling the consumption of fatty, high-calorie, unhealthy foods. Diet products allow us to jump over the thinking stage and go straight for the scale(秤)instead. All we have to do is to swallow or recognize the word “diet” in food labels.

    On another level, diet products have greater psychological effects. Every time we have a zero-calorie drink, we are telling ourselves without our awareness that we don't have to work to get results. Diet products make people believe that gain comes without pain, and that life can be without resistance and struggle.

    The danger of diet products lies not only in the psychological effects they have on us, but also in the physical harm that they cause. Diet foods can indirectly harm our bodies because consuming them instead of healthy foods means we are preventing our bodies from having basic nutrients. Diet foods and diet pills contain zero calorie only because the diet industry has created chemicals to produce these wonder products. Diet products may not be nutritional, and the chemicals that go into diet products are potentially dangerous.

    Now that we are aware of the effects that diet products have on us, it is time to seriously think about buying them. Losing weight lies in the power of minds, not in the power of chemicals. Once we realize this, we will be much better able to resist diet products, and therefore prevent the psychological and physical harm that comes from using them.

(1)、From Paragraph 1, we learn that     .
A、diet products fail to bring out people's potential B、people have difficulty in choosing diet products C、diet products are misleading people D、people are fed up with diet products
(2)、One psychological effect of diet products is that people tend to     .
A、try out a variety of diet foods B、hesitate before they enjoy diet foods C、pay attention to their own eating habits D、watch their weight rather than their diet
(3)、In Paragraph 3, “gain comes without pain” probably means     .
A、losing weight is effortless B、it costs a lot to lose weight C、diet products bring no pain D、diet products are free from calories
(4)、Diet products indirectly harm people physically because such products     .
A、are over-consumed B、lack basic nutrients C、are short of chemicals D、provide too much energy
举一反三
根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    The first summer job is often a signal that you're on your way to adulthood, and it's also a method for earning money to pay for what you dream of. It's never too early to start considering the future. Now, here are some good choices for you!

Retail (零售) Sales

    Retail offers plenty of opportunity for teens who are looking for a job. This type of work can pay from $10 to $15 an hour depending upon the duty you are expected to take on. It can also be great for teens who are friendly and enjoy talking to other people. For more information, call us at 111-222-3333.

Food Service

    A job in the food service industry is a natural fit for sociable teens who enjoy communicating with the public. It allows employees to work as part of a team while learning about following instructions. It also comes with the opportunity to earn between $8 and $10 per hour. Just call 111-222-3533 for more information.

Babysitter

    This job requires someone who is highly responsible. Though it pays generally between $6 and $8 hourly, it also requires a lot of patience. This is a great choice for teens who wish to make a career in teaching, child care, social work or any other field that makes use of social skills or requires interaction with kids. Got a question? Just call 111-222-3336.

Housekeeping

    This type of work can bring in about $5 an hour and it will allow teens to learn responsibility and develop their organizational skills. The summer sees an upswing in the tourism industry, so hotels are often looking for more housekeeping staff, and parks often need more people to assist with keeping public areas clean and organized as well. Telephone: 111-222-3330.

阅读理解

    Like to watch TV or play with your phone while you eat your dinner?Watch out—it could make you pile on the pounds.Not paying attention to our food makes us tend to more snacking later.

    Over a series of experiments were carried out by researchers.For the first experiment,39 normal-weight young women were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: a high-distraction group,a low-distraction group,and a no-distraction group.Each person was given the same 400-calorie lunch consisting of several food items presented in a fixed order,and instructed to eat all of the items.

    In the high-distraction group,the women were told to play a computer game while eating,and that they would win money if they did well.In the low-distraction group they were just told to play the game while eating; and in the third group they were just told to eat their lunch.Later in the afternoon,each participant had access to a variety of biscuits on a plate,and the amount each person ate was assessed by weighing the plate before and afterwards.

    There was a significant difference between the groups.Those in the high-distraction condition ate 69 per cent more snacks than the no-distraction group,and those in the low-distraction group eating 28 per cent more (than those in the no-distraction group) .

    A second experiment,involving a further 63 people,was similar,but involved watching TV (in the distraction condition) and eating soup and bread.This found that those who watched TV while eating their lunch ate 19 per cent more biscuits later on than those who had eaten their meal without any distractions.

    A third experiment was also carried out,in which 45 normal-weight people were allocated to three groups.The first listened to an audio clip instructing them to imagine they were watching themselves eat—making them extremely focused on their own food intake.The second listened to a clip instructing them to imagine they were watching a celebrity—specifically David Beckham—eat (making them still focused on the food,but to a lesser degree);the third,which was the control group,just ate their lunch in silence.When all participants were given access to biscuits later,those in the self-imagining group-i.e. those who had really paid attention to what they were eating—ate far fewer than the other groups.

阅读理解

Hear the Wind Blow by Mary Downing Hahn

    On a cold, snowy night, 13-year-old Haswell Magruder makes an important decision. A wounded Confederate soldier appears at the family's farm, and Haswell convinces his mother to take the man in. Unfortunately, this sets off a horrific chain of events that leaves their house burned to the ground and their farm in ruins. With no home left, Haswell sets out in search of his older brother, a Confederate soldier.

    Ghosts of Greenglass House by Kate Milford

    Thirteen-year-old Milo is, once again, spending the winter holidays stuck in a house full of guests who are not what they seem. There are fresh clues to uncover as friends old and new join in his search for a mysterious map. The exciting ending to the beloved book is sure to thrill both fans and newcomers.

    Marge in Charge by Isla Fisher

    Jemima and Jake Button don't know what to make of their new babysitter, Marge. When she first arrives, she's dressed like a grandma and looks very serious. But as soon as Mommy and Dad are gone, Marge lets down her hair and the adventures begin. Jemima and Jake aren't supposed to shoot apple juice out of water guns, or throw impromptu (即兴的) concerts during music class—but with Marge here, everything's gone messy!

    Max Tilt: Fire the Depths by Peter Lerangis

    When 13 year old Max Tilt finds his great-great-grandfather Jules Verne's unfinished, unpublished manuscript (手稿), The Lost Treasures, he doesn't realize that he's found the answers to all his problems. He realizes that the book holds the key to something incredibly valuable. A treasure that can save his house — and maybe his entire family.

阅读理解

    All Summer Camp Programs

    Llandovery, Wale, UK

    Language and Music for Life (LMFL) — Founded in 1997, LMFL offers unique 2-week summer music and language courses. LMFL provides quality one-to-one training in a wide range of instruments & voice lessons for highly-motivated musicians of all ages.

    Study programs & classes include: 2 weeks with Musical Masterclasses: Composition; Violin; Piano; Recorder; Guitar and Classical Singing...

Saint-Raphael, France

    France Langue and Culture (FLC) — Experience a fun, educational language holiday for all the family this summer! FLC is the most family-friendly language school providing French summer classes for teens and young children.

    Study programs & classes include: 1- 4 Week Sessions. Children's Summer Camps for ages 4-12, with homestay accommodation by French host families.

    Quebec City, Quebec, Canada

    Edu-Inter Summer Language School (EI) — EI offers summer French programs for children and teenagers (ages 10-17) and adults (16+). Quebec City is the only major city in Canada that offers a 100% French-speaking environment, making it the ideal location for learning and practicing French.

    Study programs & classes include: 2 weeks' Summer French Programs: For Children & Teenagers (ages 10-17). French & Dance. French & Horse Riding...

Cambridge, England, UK

    Reach Cambridge — Academic Camps (RC) — RC offers UK & international high school students the opportunity to gain an invaluable academic experience through a summer course. We provide unique and academic programs for students (ages 14-18).

    Study programs & classes include: 3 weeks' Summer Camps. Chemistry & Medicine. Computer Science & Math. Economics & ESL...

阅读理解

    Anyone who cares about what schools and colleges teach and how their students learn will be interested in the memoir (回忆录) of Ralph W. Tyler, who is one of the most famous men in American education.

    Born in Chicago in 1902, brought up and schooled in Nebraska, the 19-year-old college graduate Ralph Tyler became hooked on teaching while teaching as a science teacher in South Dakota and changed his major from medicine to education.

    Graduate work at the University of Chicago found him connected with honorable educators Charles Judd and W. W. Charters, whose ideas of teaching and testing had an effect on his later work. In 1927, he became a teacher of Ohio State University where he further developed a new method of testing.

    Tyler became well-known nationally in 1938, when he carried his work with the Eight-Year Study from Ohio State University to the University of Chicago at the invitation of Robed Hutchins.

    Tyler was the first director of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford, a position he held for fourteen years. There, he firmly believed that researchers should be free to seek an independent spirit in their work.

    Although Tyler officially retired (退休) in 1967, he never actually retired. He served on a long list of educational organizations in the United States and abroad. Even in his 80s he traveled across the country to advise teachers and management people on how to set objectives (目标) that develop the best teaching and learning within their schools.

阅读理解

    More than 20 years ago, a skeleton called Little Foot turned up in a South African cave. The nearly complete skeleton was a member of the human family. Now researchers have freed most of the skeleton from its stony shell and analyzed the fossils (化石) and they say 3.67-million-years-old Little Foot belonged to a unique species.

    Researcher Ronald Clarke and his colleagues think Little Foot belonged to A. Prometheus (普罗米修斯南猿). Clarke works at the university of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg South Africa. He studies fossilized humans and our relatives. Their foundings, published in four papers, have suggested the species A.Prometheus might have existed. Clarke has believed in that species for more than a decade, he found the first Little Foot's remains in a storage box of fossils in 1994. People began digging out the rest of the skeleton in 1997.

    Many other researchers instead argue that Little Foot likely belonged to a different species, which is known as A.africanus (南方古猿非洲种). Researcher Raymond Dart first identified A.africanus in 1924. He was studying the skull (头颅骨) of an ancient youngster called the Taung Child. Since then, people have turned up hundreds more A. africanus fossils in South African caves. Those include Sterkfontein, where Little Foot was found.

    The braincase is the part of the skull that holds the brain. And researchers found a partial braincase that Dart thought belonged to a different species in Makapansgat, one of those other caves. In 1948, Dart called this other species A. Prometheus, but he changed his mind after 1955. Instead, he said that braincase and another fossil at Makapansgat belonged to A.africanus. There was no A. Prometheus after all, he concluded.

    Clarke and his colleagues want to bring back the rejected species. They say Little Foot's distinctive skeleton, an adult female that is at least 90 percent complete, is solid evidence for it.

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