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题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

北京市中央民族大学附属中学2018届高三上学期英语12月月考试卷

任务型阅读

Anger

     The angry person loses objectivity in evaluating the emotional significance of the person or situation that arouses his anger.

    Not everyone experiences anger in the same way; what angers one person may amuse another. The specific expression of anger also differs from person to person based on biological and cultural forces. We no longer regard duels (决斗) as an appropriate expression of anger resulting from one person's awareness of insulting behaviour on the part of another.

    Anger can be identified in the brain, where the electrical activity changes. Under most conditions EEG (脑电图) measures of electrical activity show balanced activity between the right and left prefrontal (额叶前部) areas. Behaviourally this corresponds to the general even-handed disposition (意向) that most of us possess most of the time. But when we are angry the EEG of the right and left prefrontal areas aren't balanced and, as a result of this, we're likely to react.

    Most positive emotions are associated with approach behaviour: we move closer to people we like. Most negative emotions, in contrast, are associated with avoidance behaviour: we move away from people and things that we dislike or that make us anxious..The angrier we are, the more likely we are to move towards the object of our anger. This corresponds to what psychologists refer to as offensive anger: the angry person moves closer in order to influence and control the person or situation causing his anger.. Interestingly, this asymmetry(不对称) lessens if the angry person can experience empathy (同感) towards the individual who is bringing forth the angry response. In defensive anger, in contrast, the EEG asymmetry is directed to the right and the angry person feels helpless in the face of the anger-inspiring situation.

A. But anger is an exception to this pattern.

B. Balanced activity can be spotted in prefrontal areas.

C. In offensive anger, people try to move away from what is dislike.

D. Most damagingly, anger weakens a person's ability to think clearly and keep control over his behaviour.

E. This approach-and-confront behaviour is accompanied by a leftward prefrontal asymmetry (不对称) of EEG activity.

F. And our behavioural response to anger is different from our response to other emotions, whether positive or negative.

G. In contemporary culture, physical expressions of anger are generally considered too socially harmful to be tolerated.

举一反三
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

                                                                  Questions you should ask yourself when you fail

    Let's face it.We all fail.The more new things we try the more failures we are likely to have.Experiencing failure can be a learning experience and an opportunity for a fresh start.{#blank#}1{#/blank#} A good way to begin this process is by asking yourself some tough questions.

1.What can I learn from this?

    Take responsibility for what went wrong.OK,so it was not all your fault—but some of it was.Successful people don't make excuses or blame others.{#blank#}2{#/blank#} Be critical but constructive.Try to look at the experience objectively.Make a list of the key things that happened.Analyze the list step-by-step and look for the learning points.

2.Do I need to acquire or improve some skills?

    Did the problem reveal some lack of skill on your part? How could you learn or improve those skills? Perhaps there are books or courses or people you could turn to.{#blank#}3{#/blank#} 

3.Who can I learn from?

    Is there someone whom you can turn to for advice? Did a boss,colleague or a friend see what happened? {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Most people do not ask for help because they believe it to be a sign of weakness rather than strength.It's not.It shows that you are ready to learn and change.Any good friend will be happy to help.

4.What will I do next?

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#}  Will you try something similar or something different? Revisit your goals and objectives.This reversal has been a setback on your journey but think of it as a diversion rather than a halt.You can now reset your sights on your destination and plan a new course.

A.Now draw up an action plan.

B.Make them stepping stones to future success.

C.They take responsibility of the failure.

D.In fact the only way to avoid failure is to do nothing new.

E.The important thing is how we deal with failure.

F.Make a self-development plan to acquire the skills and experiences you need.

G.If they are constructive and supportive then ask them for some feedback and guidance.

任务型阅读

    Evaluating Sources (来源) of Health Information

    Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information,how to separate fact from opinion,how to recognize poor reasoning,and how to analyze information and the reliability of sources.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    Go to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported,and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}

    Watch for misleading language. Some studies will find that a behavior “contributes to” or is “associated with” an outcome;this does not mean that a certain course must lead to a certain result.{#blank#}3{#/blank#} Carefully read or listen to information in order to fully understand it.

    Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true,probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in advertisements.{#blank#}4{#/blank#} Evaluate “scientific” statements carefully,and be aware of quackery(江湖骗术).

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Friends and family members can be a great source of ideas and inspiration,but each of us needs to find a healthy lifestyle that works for us.

Developing the ability to evaluate reasonably and independently about health problems will serve you well throughout your life.

A.Make choices that are right for you.

B.The goal of an ad is to sell you something.

C.Be sure to work through the critical questions.

D.And examine the findings of the original research.

E.Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.

F.Be aware that information may also be incorrectly explained by an author's point of view.

G.The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

    Eyesight plays a very important role in our daily life. Every waking moment,the eyes are working to see the world around us. Over forty per cent of Americans worry about losing eyesight,but it's easy to include steps into our daily life to ensure healthy eyes. Here are five suggestions for a lifetime of healthy eyesight:

    Schedule yearly exams{#blank#}1{#/blank#} Experts advise parents to bring babies 6 to 12 months of age to the doctor for a careful check. The good news is that millions of children now can have yearly eye exams and following treatment, including eyeglasses.

    Protect against UV rays(紫外线).Long­term stay in the sun creates risk to your eyes. No matter what the season is,it's extremely important to wear sunglasses.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}  Give your eyes a break. Two­thirds of Americans spend up to seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.

{#blank#}3{#/blank#}Experts recommend that people practise the 20/20/20 rule:every 20 minutes,take a 20­second break and look at something 20 feet away.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}As part of a healthy diet,eat more fruits and vegetables each day. Vitamins(维生素) C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.

    Practise safe wear and care of contact lenses(隐形眼镜).Many Americans use contact lenses to improve their eyesight. While some follow the medical guidance for wearing contact lenses,many are breaking the rules and putting their eyesight at risk.{#blank#}5{#/blank#} Otherwise,you may have problems such as red eyes,pain in the eyes,or a more serious condition.

A.This frequent eye activity increases the risk for eye tiredness

B.  Eye care should begin early in life.

C.Eat your greens.

D.They can properly protect your eyes.

E.Stay in good shape by taking more vitamins.

F.Parents usually don't care about their own eyesight.

G.Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear.

任务型阅读

    Over time, habits of negative thinking about ourselves can lower self-esteem (自尊). So if you want to feel better about yourself, try some of these things:

    {#blank#}1{#/blank#}Are you so used to focusing on your problems that they're all you see? Next time you find yourself trapped in problems or disappointment with yourself or your day, find something positive to deal with it. Each day, write down three good things about yourself, or three things that went smoothly that day because of your action or effort.

    Aim for effort rather than perfection. Some people get held back by their own pressure to be perfect. They lose out because they don't try. Usually, you may think, “I won't audition (试镜) for the play because I probably won't get the lead.”{#blank#}2{#/blank#}

    Remind yourself that everyone is good at different things.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}Thinking more like this: “She's a great basketball player — but the truth is, I'm a better musician than athlete. Still, I'll keep playing because I enjoy it.” It helps you accept yourself and make the best of the situation.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}Don't be afraid to voice them. If someone disagrees, it's not a judgment on your worth or your intelligence. That person just sees things differently from you.

    Set goals.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}Then make a plan for how to do it. Stick with your plan, and keep track of your progress.

A. Focus on what goes well for you.

B. Take pride in your opinions and ideas.

C. Think about what you'd like to achieve.

D. It's certain that the role will go to someone else.

E. Recognize what you can change and what you can't.

F. Train your inner voice to remind you of what you are accomplishing.

G. Cheer on others for their success and keep in mind what you do well.

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

Guide for Teenagers

    The teenage years can be tough, and it's normal to feel sad every now and then. But if these feelings don't go away or become so intense that you can't handle them, you may be suffering from depression. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    Try not to isolate yourself

    When you're depressed, you may not feel like seeing anybody or doing anything. Just getting out of bed in the morning can be difficult, but isolating yourself only makes depression worse. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Spend time with friends, especially those who are active.

    Keep your body healthy

    Making healthy lifestyle choices can do wonders for your mood. Ever heard of a "runners high"? Physical activity can be as effective as medications for depression, so get involved in sports, ride your bike, or take a dance class. Any activity helps! {#blank#}3{#/blank#}As for food, make sure you're feeding your mind with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

    Avoid alcohol and drugs.

    You maybe try drinking or use drugs in an effort to escape from your feelings and get a "mood boost," even if just for a short time. However, substance use can not only make depression worse, but can cause you to become more depressed.{#blank#}4{#/blank#} You will need special treatment for your substance problem.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

    Stress and worry can lead to depression. Talk to a teacher if exams or classes seem overwhelming. In addition, if you have a health concern you feel you can't talk to your parents about, see a doctor. A health professional can help you approach your parents and guide you toward appropriate treatment. If you're dealing with relationship, friendship, or family problems, talk to an adult you trust.

A. Even a short walk can be beneficial.

B. Turn to your parents for help.

C. As you get out into the world, you may find yourself feeling better.

D. In short, drinking and taking drugs will make you feel worse--not better--in the long run.

E. The more exercise you do, the healthier you will be.

F. Help is available and you have more power than you think.

G. Ask for help if you are stressed.

任务型阅读

    Perhaps at one point in time, it is acceptable to start any letter or e-mail with "To Whom It May Concern". {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Starting your cover letter or e-mail for a job this way might give the impression that you didn't do your research on who you're writing to. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} After all, people who address other people by their names when writing and speaking to them tend to be more pleasant.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#} It can be used in letters of recommendation or reference, formal complaints (抱怨) made to a company, letters of introduction, and letters of interest.

Grammarly uses the example of needing to write a letter of recommendation for a colleague who will have to make several copies to distribute to interviewers. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} "In most cases, though, try to narrow your focus rather than cast a broad net," notes  Grammarly. "Ask yourself 'Who does this e-mail concern?' If you can honestly answer 'Anyone', then feel free to use "To Whom It May Concern".(These are the things you should never say in your cover letter.)

    If you do happen to find that using "To Whom May Concern" is appropriate , don't make grammar mistakes, for example , letters or punctuation. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} .

A. You might want to take note of other common errors you might be committing, too.

B. But according to Grammarly, there are four times when it's OK to use this greeting.

C. Making mistakes in writing will surely get you low scores.

D. It's also very impersonal, and some employers might not appreciate it.

E. In that circumstance, sending and receiving letters is more of a formal greeting.

F. However, it may be interesting.

G. Those times have changed, though.

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