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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

山西省山西大学附属中学2017-2018学年高一上学期英语期中(11月)考试试卷

阅读理解

    The British are known for their sense of humor. However, it is often difficult for foreigners to understand their jokes. The main point to remember is that the British often use understatement.

    Understatement means saying less than you think or feel. For example, if someone gets very wet in a shower of rain, he might say, “Its a little damp (潮湿的) outside.” Or, if someone is very impolite and shouts at another person, someone else might say, “She isn't exactly friendly.” Understatement is often used in unpleasant situation or to make another person look silly. Understatement plays an important part in British humor.

    Another key to understanding British humor is that the British like to make fun of themselves as well as others. They often laugh about the silly and unpleasant things that happen to our everyday life when someone accidently falls over in the street. They also like to make jokes about people from different classes of society. They like to make jokes about their accents, the way they dress and the way they behave. What's more, the British love to watch comedies (喜剧) about people who do not know how to behave in society. The comedies series Mr. Bean is a good example of this kind of humor.

    Mr. Bean is the character created by British actor Rowan Atkinson in 1990. Mr. Bean doesn't talk often, and instead he uses his body movement and facial expressions to make people laugh. Perhaps what makes Mr. Bean so funny is that he does things that adults in the real world cannot do. Mr. Bean is popular in many countries around the world because you do not have to speak English to understand the humor. Because of this, many people have become familiar with the British sense of humor.

(1)、Why is it difficult for foreigners to understand British jokes?
A、The British often enlarge the fact. B、British jokes are connected with many different cultures. C、British jokes are not as funny as jokes in other countries. D、The British try to make out that something is less important than it is.
(2)、The author explains understatement by _______.
A、describing a process B、making comparisons C、following time order D、using examples
(3)、Mr. Bean makes laugh by ______.
A、using his body movement and facial expressions B、making jokes about others' accent C、copying how others behave D、telling funny stories
(4)、What can be the best title for the text?
A、British Humor in Comedy B、Humor in Different Cultures C、Understanding British Humor D、Developing Your Sense of Humor
举一反三
阅读理解

    Stress is an inevitable part of a busy and modern life. Time and time again, we see people feeling overwhelmed because of stress. But after years of being dosed up by doctors and seeking solutions on the self-help shelves, can most common complaints be cured through your next holiday? The festival doctor will see you now.

    Complaint

    Prescription(处方)

    Dosage(剂量)

    Guilty

    Restart yourself at the Wanderlust Festival

    A weekend at any Wanderlust Festival should restrain some of the shame you are feeling. Empty your mind with meditation (冥想) sessions in the mountains of America or adjust your feelings with a sound bath in Santiago, Chile.

    Sad

    A healthy dose of laughter at Just for Laughs in Montreal, Canada in July.

Have fun at the largest comedy festival, which attracts more than two million ha-ha hunters every summer. Apart from 250 comedy acts, there will be walkabout theater ,circus acts and lots of new comedy films to make you laugh to tears.

    Over- thinking

    Get nourishing food for your thought at the U.K.'s How the Light Gets In in May.

    Spend a week or so in the company of like-minded individuals and you will see you are not the only one over-thinking things. The world's largest philosophy festival, held in Hareous Wye, will have talks, debates and classes on culture, philosophy, politics, art and science.

    Heart-broken

    Find one of your favorite fish in the sea at Ireland's Matchmaking Festival in June.

    A week at Liverpool's Matchmaking Festival could be a choice as Ireland's mythical matchmakers have been pairing lovers together for centuries. Try to find Willie Dally, a fourth-generation matchmaker, for your best chance of everlasting love. Those who touch his lucky book are said to fall in love and marry within six months.

阅读理解

Like many Czechs (捷克人), Lukáš Berný, 38, enjoys going out to the pub with his friends for conversation and a few beers. "I don't drink every day," he says. "I think about three times a week. When I go out, I usually have five to six beers at a time, about the same as my friends." The beers are half-liters, or 500ml each.

    If a half-liter of four-percent beer contains 16g of pure alcohol(酒精), Berný and his friends are drinking 80 to 96 grams of pure alcohol on each outing. The Czech Republic's National Institute of Public Health, however, suggests that men take in fewer than 24g of pure alcohol per day; women, fewer than 16g.

Medical experts in over 40 countries around the world have agreed that drinking "too much" can cause harm. What they can't seem to agree upon is just how much is "too much." National safety levels are quite different, from a limit of 10g a day in the Netherlands to Denmark's 60g.

There are a number of reasons for this. Dr. Larry Altshuler, a medicine expert for the Cancer Treatment Centers in Tulsa, explains that while everything is based on research, "Every group, race, and gender responds to alcohol differently."

Also, researchers aren't using the same models or methods. He adds, "It can be like apples and oranges. How do you measure alcohol? Units, drinks, bottles or cans? What's the alcohol content(含量)? Is it light or heavy?" While a half-liter of four percent beer contains 16g of pure alcohol, a half-liter of five percent lager contains 20g.

Constance Scharff, a director of Addiction Research at Cliffside Malibu Treatment Center in California, says she believes the reason "is largely cultural." "But the evidence is clear that the more you drink, the more likely you are to develop alcohol-related health problems."

阅读理解

    Recently a new study has been carried out. It shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops.

    Students are increasingly using laptops for note-taking because of speed and legibility (清晰度). But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.

    Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes “mindlessly” by taking down word for word what the professors said.

    In the first experiment, students were given either a laptop or pen and paper. They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note-taking skills. Thirty minutes after the talk, they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.

    The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand. However, the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts. Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.

    The researchers' report said, “While more notes are beneficial, if the notes are taken mindlessly, as is more likely the case on a laptop, the benefit disappears.”

    In another experiment aimed at testing long-term memory, students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture. This time, the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.

    These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding, but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.

阅读理解

    A family is a collection of people who share the same genes but cannot agree on a place to pull over for lunch. Ed and I, plus his parents and sister Doris and eight-year-old niece Alisha, are on a road trip to Yosemite. Ed wants Subway, I want. In-N-Out Burger, Doris wants Sonic. In the end, we compromise on McDonald's, where Alisha will get an action figure.

    It's a three-hour drive to Yosemite, but we're taking a little longer, as we're working in a tour of Highway 80's public restrooms. As the saying goes, "Not one bladder(膀胱)empties but another fills." Many of these restrooms belong to gas stations. I prefer them to the high-tech ones on planes.

    We get back on the road. Ed is driving now. When all the tabloids(小报)have been read, the travel has grown tedious and anyone under age 12 asks "Are we there yet?" at ever-shortening internals. Just outside Manteca, California, we stop for coffee. At a Starbucks checkout, Ed buys a CD of Joni Mitchell's favorite musical picks. The hope is that it will have a calming effect.

    As we pull back onto the highway, it starts to pour. Then something amazing happens. As we climb the mountain, the rain turns to snow. The pines are spotted with white. We're struck dumb(说不出话)by the scene outside. For a solid 15 minutes, everyone forgets about their bladder, their blood sugar and the temperature. Alisha has never seen snow, so we pull over to make snowmen and catch snowflakes on our tongues. Then Ed realizes we need tire chains, and we have to turn back and drive 30miles to Oakhurst. "Good," says Doris. "There was a very nice restroom there."

阅读理解

    Healthy, convenient and increasingly popular over the past few years, sushi has become as common a dish in the UK as in India or China. It's a popular lunch-choice for city-workers all over the country and you're never far from a restaurant or supermarket selling the traditional Japanese dish. But it turns out sushi may not be as healthy a choice as we thought — leading biologists have warned that it is in fact harming both the environment and our health.

    The UK sushi market is worth £69 million a year, but because we're eating so much of it, the tuna (金枪鱼) population in the oceans is dwindling. According to Professor Daniel Pauly and Dr Dirk Zeller, the leaders of British Columbia, Bluefin and yellowfin tuna populations have reached dangerous levels.

    Bluefin tuna is often served in high-end, excellent sushi restaurants, while yellowfin is more common in high-street sushi bars and supermarkets. Increasing global need means tuna populations are being overfished. Most of the UK's sushi comes from the Indian Ocean, but according to Professor Pauly we now only have 2-3 percent of what we had 200 years ago.

    Professor Pauly and Dr Zeller believe it is our love of healthy tuna that's causing the problems in our oceans. The fish is popular not just for its taste but for its health benefits. But while sushi has earned popularity for being low in calories and high in nutrients (营养物), we may have overestimated (高估) its health value.

    In advance of a lecture at the Zoological Society of London lately, Professor Pauly said he believes most high-street restaurants serve sushi that contains plastic microbeads (塑料微珠). “Microbeads are poison pills which take in all the pollutants and they are eaten by little fish which are then eaten by tuna.”

    So what should we eat instead? Dr Zeller and Professor Pauly are asking the public to step away from sushi and eat more fish like anchovies (凤尾鱼) — less attractive, but better for your health and the environment.

阅读理解

    Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving Day and the Friday before Cyber Monday in the United States. It is not a federal holiday, but is a public holiday in some states. Many people take a day of their annual leave on the day after Thanksgiving Day. Some people use this to make trips to see family members or friends who live in other areas or to go on vacation. Others use it to start shopping for the Christmas season. Many organizations also close for the Thanksgiving weekend.

    Shopping for Christmas presents is also popular on Black Friday. Many stores have special offers and lower their prices on some goods, such as toys. Public transit systems may run on their normal schedule or may have changes. Some stores extend their opening hours on Black Friday. There can also be congestion on roads to popular shopping destinations.

    Black Friday is one of the busiest shopping days in the USA. There are two popular theories as to why the day after Thanksgiving Day is called Black Friday. One theory is that the wheels of vehicles in heavy traffic on the day after Thanksgiving Day left many black markings on the road surface, leading to the term Black Friday. The other theory is that the term Black Friday comes from an old way of recording business accounts. Losses were recorded in red ink and profits in black ink. Many businesses, particularly small businesses, started making profits prior to Christmas. Many hoped to start showing a profit, marked in black ink, on the day after Thanksgiving Day.

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