What's a spacewalk? Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft(航天器) while in space, it is called a spacewalk. Astronautsgo on spacewalks for many reasons. For example, experiments can be placed on theoutside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects(影响) different things. By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix thingsinstead of bringing them back to the earth to fix.

   When astronautsgo on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe. Inside spacesuits,astronauts have the oxygen(氧气) they needto breathe and the water they need to drink. To keep the astronauts and the spacecraftsafe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a specialdoor. When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to theirspacecraft. Tethers are like ropes, connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft.They keep astronauts from floating(漂 浮) away into space.Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER. SAFERis worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space.

   How doastronauts train for spacewalks? One way is by going for a swim. Floating in spaceis a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in ahuge special swimming pool. For every one hour they will spend on a spacewalk, astronautsneed to train seven hours in the pool. Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalkis by using virtual reality(虚拟现实). It looksand feels just like a spacewalk.

   Today,only three countries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, theUnited States and China. The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world wasAlexei Leonov from Russia. Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astronaut to go ona spacewalk. The world record of spacewalks is held by Russian astronaut AnatolySolovyev. He has been on 16 spacewalks and spent more than 82 hours outside in space.

Have you seen new plants starting to grow? Have you noticed the days are getting longer? {#blank#}1{#/blank#} It tells us that no matter how dark or cold things might be, better days are on the way.

What is hope? Bernadette Russell, who wrote the book How to be Hopeful, says, "Hope, on one hand, is the knowledge that things can get better. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}" Russell speaks of people who have got over very difficult moments, such as firefighters (消防员). Once one firefighter said, "{#blank#}3{#/blank#}" explains Russell.

However, hope is also about taking action. "From winning the World War II to people traveling thousands of miles away to build a new home, there is a long history of taking actions with hope," says Russell. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} Scientists say that having hope in difficult moments can help you worry less, feel calmer and improve your feelings.

How to be hopeful? Being disappointed and feeling bad are part of life. If it's possible to see hope in those moments, you should. If it isn't, don't worry. Try to keep eyes on good things. For example, you can't change the fact that someone is bad to you. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Even in the most terrible situations, you can decide what you say and do to each other.

Here are some important rules for you to become a good student at school. 

Go to school on time.

{#blank#}1{#/blank#} If you are late, you will miss some lessons. It's bad for your study. The teacher will be angry with you, too. So remember to go to school on time. 

{#blank#}2{#/blank#}

Don't break the school rules. For example, you can't sleep in class. Don't fight with your classmates, and you should be nice to your classmates and your teachers. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}

Prepare（准备）lessons before class.

If you want to know what you will learn next day, you can prepare the new lessons. It is good for your study and it can help you get good grades（成绩).{#blank#}4{#/blank#}

Take part in（参加）all kinds of activities（活动）at school.

They are good for your balanced development (均衡发展). For example, sports can make you be good with your classmates. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

In Germany, if children want to ride bikes on the road, they have to pass a test. The test is quite like our driving test.

First, the students have thirty classes about how to ride bikes safely on the road. Each student has a book. The book tells them how to keep safe on the road, how to keep others safe and what to do if they get hurt. Here is a picture from the book. It tells the students the right way to turn left.

After the classes, the students will have two written tests. Then, they will do some riding practice at school. Some policemen will come to give them some help.

At last, the students will have a test on the road. If they can pass the test, they can get a bike license (执照). Then they can ride on the road.

We all know Germans are very careful. We can see this from their riding test for the students. The students learn to ride, and at the same time, they learn the spirit (精神) of the country.

Here are some suggestions to Jack from different people. 

 What do you think is the most important invention in the last 1 ,000 years? Many people say that it's the printing press that allows us to print copies or books. Why is the printing press so important in human history?

 Before the printing press was invented, books were copied by hand. An ancient Roman book trader sometimes sold as many as 5,000 copies of a book that had been copied by slaves(奴隶). However, copying a book took so much time and was so expensive. As a result, usually only a small part of the people learned to read and owned books.

 In 1450, Johannes Gutenberg from Germany invented the modern printing press. The influence of his machine is sometimes compared to the invention of the Internet. Gutenberg's printing press was easy to use with languages such as English that had alphabetic(字母的) words. After 1450, thousands of copies of a book or a newspaper could be made quickly and cheaply. A great number of books and newspapers with ideas and pictures from all over the world came out.

 Reading has stimulated amazing changes in science and technology. We' ve learned how to  make money and even travel to far places. Computers, mobile phones, and the Internet have grown because millions of readers were created by the printing press.

 Since 1450, more and more people have become readers. These readers help the world to make progress at a fast speed.