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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

江西省九江市第一中学2017-2018学年高一上学期英语第一次月考试卷

阅读理解

Hello friends,

    This is Christmas Week, when you may have any emotions of happiness or sadness, pain or panic, fears or frustrations. Put the negative emotions aside and focus on building better relationships with our tips below.

    Relationship Tips for Getting Along at the Holidays

    1). Speak Your Love in Words. The best gift you can give another person is words of praise, thankfulness, and appreciation from your lips.

    2). Hear What Your Friends and Family are Voicing Their Stress. Listen carefully to those around you -- a gift that will lower their stress.

    3). Center Your Heart. Focus on the true, deeper meaning of the holiday season. This will help everyone become easier to get along with because the heart of Christmas will remain whole.

    4). Ask those who are celebrating with you what their expectations are. Communicate the plans clearly so people feel informed.

    5). Be prepared for changes. Don't be a Christmas Scrooge ordering family around. Instead slow the pace, be agreeable, and give choices so that you create an environment of connecting and sharing.

    6). Take Time for being Romantic. The greatest gift you can give your husband or wife, children, and friends is harmony at home.

    7). Express Your Joy. Make memories (and take lots of pictures) by making the most of all your relationships. Capture the best moments with your camera.

    Get the rest of the10 Holiday Tips from each of 14 Experts like this in Simplify Your Holiday Season, available HERE. Get one of the 50 free copies on a first-come, first-served basis or a 50% discount off $30 by Jan 1.2017.

    Mark Your Calendar(日历) for January 4 & 5 our free next online workshop "New Year, New You: Maximize Your Time, Minimize Your Weight."

    Have a very lovely Christmas and Happy New Year! I hope I prepared you well for Christmas, since over 1,000 people downloaded my 8 week Holiday Plan. I hope you were one of them and are peaceful and ready.

Warmly,

Marcia Ramsland, The Holiday Coach

www.OrganizingPro.com/Holidays

"Coaching Busy People to Make Every Day Count!"

(1)、According to the author, what can we infer from this passage?
A、negative emotions such as pain will not be experienced at Christmas time. B、You can become the center and keep complaining about your trouble until your stress is gone. C、You must try your best to spend some private time with your family or friends. D、You can make strict rules for everybody to follow so that every activity is well-planned.
(2)、What kind of people need their next online workshop?
A、People who want to have a good relationship with family and friends. B、People who want to make good use of their time and keep in a good shape. C、People who want to make their holiday season simpler and more meaningful. D、People who downloaded her 8 week Holiday Plan.
(3)、This passage is most likely to be ______.
A、an email between business partners B、an email for advertising. C、an email from an employer to the employees D、an email between close friends
举一反三
阅读理解
D
    Hollywood's theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics(控制论), put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose which we really desire.”
    A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.
    The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.
    Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.
阅读理解

    Have you ever found yourself in this situation:You hear a song you used to sing when you were a child-a bit of nostalgia(怀旧)or "blast from the past,"as we say.But it is not a distant childhood memory.The words come back to you as clearly as when you sang them all those years ago.

    Researchers at the University of Edinburgh studied the relationship between music and remembering a foreign language.They found that remembering words in a song was the best way to remember even one of the most difficult languages.

    Here is what they did. Researchers took 60 adults and randomly divided them into three groups of 20.Then they gave the groups three different types of "listen-and-repeat" learning conditions.Researchers had one group simply speak the words.They had the second group speak the words to a rhythm,or beat.And they asked the third group to sing the words.

    All three groups studied words from the Hungarian language for 15minutes.Then they took part in a series of language tests to see what they remembered.

    Why Hungarian,you ask ? Researchers said they chose Hungarian because not many people know the language.It does not share any roots with Germanic or Romance languages,such as Italian or Spanish.After the tests were over,the singers came out on top.The people who learned these new Hungarian words by singing them showed a higher overall performance.They did the best in four out of five of the tests.They also performed two times better than those who simply learned the words by speaking them.

    Dr.Katie Overy says singing could lead to new ways to learn a foreign language.The brain likes to remember things when they are contained in a catchy 3,or memorable 4,tune 5.

    Dr.Ludke said the findings could help those who struggle to learn foreign languages.On the University of Edinburgh's website Dr.Ludke writes,"This study provides the first experimental evidence that a listen-and-repeat singing method can support foreign language learning,and opens the door for future research in this area."

阅读理解

    You have probably heard the saying,"When life gives you lemons,make lemonade."Since lemons are considered bitter and lemonade is considered sweet,the saying tells you to make the best out of a bad situation.

    Unfortunately,when something bad happens,it's not uncommon for most people to talk about it to anyone who'll listen,and complain about life,"Why me?"That's like getting a bag of lemons,putting them down,and thinking, "Lemons taste bad!I'd rather have chocolate!"If you don't make anything with the lemons,they will go bad.But what if you did something with them?What if you made lemonade?Isn't it possible to do something similar with a bad situation?

    Here's an example.Let's say you're about to go to the movies,but you discover you have a flat tire(瘪胎).You consider this a terrible thing. After all,you are really looking forward to spending some time with Ryan Gosling and Emma Stone.Now you're all stressed out,hating the tire,the car,and your life.But what if you called AAA,got your tire fixed or got caught up on things that you'd been meaning to do?What if you did some reading,or had coffee with a friend instead?A negative experience can be turned into something positive.Almost anything can work itself out into something better.You can't change what has happened,right?So make the best of it.I'm not saying it will be easy. The easy thing to do is complain about your bad situation and not consider what it could be turned into.

    Next time when some unfortunate things happen,stop and think,"How can I turn this around?How can I make it a positive experience?You needn't fear difficulties.As long as you keep on changing it,you will see the benefits(好处)at last.

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

    A family in Florida had a happy Christmas this year thanks to two local police officers, who answered a 911 call only to discover there was no emergency at all.

    When they arrived at the house of a single mother with two children, the officers discovered the younger child, about two years old, was playing with the phone. There were no signs of Christmas or holiday cheer in the house. "They weren't smiling. It seemed like they weren't happy at all. They were missing something," Officer Paramore said. "The mother mentioned that they weren't going to have a Christmas that year. It was pretty obvious that the family was struggling," he said. "So we told each other that something had to be done."

    Paramore and his partner, Barry Ward, left the house with a plan. The next day, they went to a supermarket and bought a tree, lights and some ornaments (装饰物) with their own money. Then they returned to the apartment to deliver some holiday cheer. "They hugged the tree," Paramore said. "I was glad to see that this family was going to have something to sit around and use." The police department posted the video on YouTube, hoping to share the happy news and inspire others.

    The department has received tons of donations and phone calls from people around the country asking how they can help the family. "We are covered," said Stephanie Slater, public information officer for the Boynton Beach Police Department. "We're asking people to do good in their communities on behalf of our officers. We appreciate it very much that people are talking about this after watching the news on TV because they need to see and need to be reminded that police officers are good guys," she said. "They are human beings who have a kind heart and they do things that go unnoticed like this every day."

阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    Many years ago, there lived a poor fisherman. His only companion was his dog. They might be seen walking on the white sandy beach.

    The dog was always beside his master as the fisherman made his little boat ready to sail. When the man pulled out to sea each morning, the dog would run up on the high ridge (山岭). There he would sit and watch all day. The dog never moved until late afternoon when he saw the little boat return. Then he would race back to the shore to greet his master.

    As the years went by, the fisherman grew older. So did the faithful dog. The fisherman still went out to sea. The dog still watched for his return, sitting on the high ridge.

    One early morning in September, the fisherman was getting his little boat ready. All at once the dog began to bark. He circled around the fisherman and tugged at his trousers. The fisherman could not remember when he had seen his dog act so strangely. He patted the dog's back, thinking the dog wanted to play. But nothing made any difference. Then the man climbed into the boat and sailed away. The dog went to his watching place, still barking.

    There were other fishing boats out that morning. Suddenly the soft wind changed. It began to blow wildly. The fisherman's boat was seized by the wind and whirled around (随风旋转) .The sky darkened. Rain began to fall.

    "It's a hurricane!" said the fisherman." The man thought of his dog at once. Had the dog left the ridge and run home? Or was he still sitting there? The fisherman tried to drive his boat and turn it toward the shore. Suddenly a great wave swept over his head and tossed the boat away (卷走).

    The next morning, the hurricane was over. The families of the other fishermen ran to the shore. They watched for the return of the boats. They waited and waited, but no one returned. Then the people went slowly back to their homes and started a new life. As they rebuilt their village, no one gave a thought to the fisherman's dog.

    Several months later a group of villagers was out gathering sea grapes (海葡萄). They noticed what appeared to be the figure of a dog sitting high on the ridge.

    "Look" said one." Isn't that the old fisherman's dog?"

    "How could it be, after all this time?" said another.

    When the man reached the spot, he found only a rock—a rock shaped like a dog. But as soon as the people looked up again, they saw the stone dog. He just sat there on top of the ridge, waiting, waiting…

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