题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
江苏省泰州市泰州中学2018届高三上学期英语开学考试试卷
The ability to speak more than one language certainly has its special benefits.It enables you to work in another country or interact with people whose language is different from your mother tongue.Cognitive(认知的) psychologists have been interested in how bilingualism(双语能力)shapes the mind for almost a century.There are those who suggest that in order to speak one language,bilinguals have to suppress(抑制)the influence of the other.In the past three decades,research had argued that this unique form of language processing trains the brain in the use of abilities known as "executive(执行的)functions" such as ignoring irrelevant information or shifting attention. Bilinguals of different ages and cultural backgrounds have been shown to be faster and more accurate than their monolingual(单语的)peers when performing cognitive tasks demanding these abilities.Furthermore,it has been argued that bilingualism may lead to a delayed onset(发作)of symptoms associated with dementia(痴呆).
But the scientific community recently has become increasingly skeptical of the bilingual advantage.One of the main points of criticism is that differences between monolinguals and bilinguals when it comes to executive functions are not always apparent.It appears that research on bilingualism is at a turning point.We need to pursue a new approach to understand,beyond those individual examples of executive functions,how the bilingual mind works. We have attempted to address this challenge by testing whether bilinguals and monolinguals differ in terms of how accurately they can assess their own performances.This ability is called meta cognition and is associated with other areas where bilinguals have been shown to have an advantage.
In our research,we presented participants with a situation in which they had to observe two circles on a screen and guess which one contained more dots.Sometimes the difference was obvious,making the decision easy,while at other times the decision was very difficult (for example,one circle contained 50 dots and the other 49).Participants were then asked to determine how confident they were in their decision on a scale from less to more confident than normal.
During the course of two experiments,we found that bilinguals and monolinguals were equally likely to choose the circle containing the highest number of dots.However,monolinguals were better able than bilinguals to discriminate between when they were right and when they were wrong.In other words,bilinguals had less insight into their performance than monolinguals.This went against our initial predictions,as we expected to find a bilingual advantage in meta cognitive processing.These results indicate that bilingualism may be associated with cognitive disadvantages as well as benefits.
Moon shaker GV Chillingsworth Softcover 9781466906358 Price: $14. 50 Pages: 186 www. trafford. com When space plans to harm the world, scientists develop a satellite to save it. However, not everyone wishes for change, and conflicts lead to a new fight, a long way from home. The crew must now work together in order to get back. | |||
The War Around Us Wolfgang Peter May Softcover 9781426921452 Price: $25.99 Pages: 460 www. trafford. com As a young child, Wolfgang Peter May fled from his home in Breslau, Germany during World War II and witnessed the destruction of Dresden. He eventually joined the US Army. In The WarAround Us, May explores and debates many faces of war and delivers a hard-hitting, first-person look at the true face of war. | |||
The Old Man and the Sea Ernest Hemingway Hardcover 9780684830490 Price: $14. 99 Pages, 132 www. good reads. com The Old Man and the Sea is a short novel written by Ernest Hemingway in 1951. It won him the Nobel Prize for Literature and tells the story of Santiago, an aged Cuban fisherman who struggles with a giant fish far out in the Gulf Stream off the coast of Cuba. Although the book is only two hours, worth of reading, this delightful tale will remain in your memory for years to come. | |||
Little Women Louisa May Alcott Softcover: 9780553212754 Price: $4.99 Pages : 560 www. goodreads. com Little Women is a novel by American author Louisa May Alcott (1832-1888), which was originally published in two volumes in 1868 and 1869. Alcott wrote the books over several months at the request of her publisher. Following the lives of the four March sisters — Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy — the novel details their passage from childhood to womanhood and is loosely based on the author and her three sisters. | |||
Order these books online and you can save 20% off your total purchase on orders over $15. | |||
试题篮