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题型:完形填空 题类: 难易度:困难

人教版(2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions Reading and Thinking同步测试

 完形填空

The United States you may not know

The United States is the only superpower in the world, and it is far more advanced than any other country. However, we can't simply owe its 1 and prosperity to its lucky escape from the destruction of the two world wars. What other nations should 2 is the American spirit and its social system. 

The most obvious features of the American spirit are 3 and pragmatism (务实思想). Nearly 70% of the important inventions have been made in the US since the first industrial revolution. Since the US occupies such an important position in science and technology, naturally it has become the first superpower in the world. 

Americans are always 4 with what they have achieved, and they have an appetite for adventure over the love of 5 . European countries have been pursuing a reformist policy of "high tax and high welfare" since the 1960s, while only the US 6 the policy of "high risk and high return". 7 , the US has become the leader of the third industrial revolution (in technology of information, materials and biology). 

High salary is not the only 8 that the talents from other countries find in the United States. Some characteristics of American society should not be 9 . Family backgrounds and great wisdom in building connections and playing up to the boss, to which great importance is attached in other countries, are not so important to 10 development in the US. Most people are on the same starting line, and whether one can succeed or not depends on his own ability and hard work.

However, the American character is full of paradoxes (矛盾). The American people are both extremely romantic and pragmatic. The American is a(n) 11 people, but in every field there are workaholics. The Americans are open-minded but they are very conservative on certain matters. Since China's reform and opening-up to the outside world, many media in Western countries have greatly 12 their attitudes towards China. However, the American media are singing the same old tune against China as they were in the Cold War period. The Americans 13 freedom, but their government is very fond of interfering in other countries' internal affairs. What's most puzzling is that the Americans 14 authority, but they highly respect the laws and regulations of the society. Therefore, in such a nation that values personal liberty, the society can still be kept in good order and operate with high 15 . Is it odd? No one can provide a satisfactory answer.

(1)
A、powerfulness B、ability C、energy D、resource
(2)
A、reflect on B、deal with C、agree to D、carry out
(3)
A、preservation B、perseverance C、curiosity D、creativity
(4)
A、dissatisfied B、concerned C、engaged D、pleased
(5)
A、nature B、competition C、ease D、innovation
(6)
A、goes against B、sticks to C、exposes to D、gives up
(7)
A、After all B、As a result C、In other words D、Above all
(8)
A、potential B、passion C、attraction D、recommendation
(9)
A、considered B、mentioned C、ignored D、defined
(10)
A、staff B、assemble C、private D、individual
(11)
A、pleasure-seeking B、outgoing C、self-disciplined D、well-educated
(12)
A、maintained B、changed C、adopted D、compared
(13)
A、oppose B、rebel C、care D、value
(14)
A、show B、admire C、challenge D、establish
(15)
A、efficiency B、spirits C、honour D、status
举一反三
阅读理解

Position: Sales Manager

    A Sales Manager with Hilton Hotels and Resorts will develop a sales team and a sales plan that maximizes revenue (收益) by driving the sale of conference facility space and guest rooms.

    What will it be like to work for the Hilton Brand?

    One of the most recognized names in the industry, Hilton Hotels & Resorts offers travelers a world of authentic (可信的) experiences. The brand continues to be innovative and forward-thinking. With products and services that meet the needs of tomorrow's smart global travellers, we share experiences in which every guest feels cared for, valued and respected.

    If you understand the importance of upholding a brand's reputation, you may be just the person we are looking for to work as a Team Member with Hilton Hotels & Resorts.

    What will you be doing?

    As a Sales Manager, you will work with the Conference & Events Sales Department to maximize revenue opportunities. A Sales Manager will be directly responsible for performing the following tasks to the highest standards:

●Maximize all Conference & Events revenue opportunities

●Meet the hotel's set targets

●Understand the marketplace to ensure the hotel stays competitive in the local market

●Ensure the sales team is developed effectively and embraces a culture of high quality

●Work effectively to build relationships with colleagues in the hotel

What are we looking for?

A Sales Manager serving Hilton Worldwide Brand hotels is always working on behalf of our guests and working with other Team Members. To successfully fill this role, you should maintain the following attitude, behavior, skills and values:

● Strong leadership skills that motivate the Sales Team to perform beyond expectations

● Excellent selling capabilities

● Desire to coach the Sales Team in selling techniques

● Excellent organizational and planning skills

What benefits will you receive?

Your benefits will include a competitive starting salary and holiday entitlement. As an employee you will become a member of the Hilton Club, which provides reduced hotel room rates in our hotels worldwide, plus discounts on products and services offered by Hilton Worldwide and its partners.

根据短文内容,选择最佳答案,并将选定答案的字母标号填在题前括号内。

阅读理解

    Blind people usually possess one advantage over other people who can see. Their sense of hearing is far more acute. Bats, whose sight is poor, use a sound location system to help them avoid blocks in the dark. They send out pulses of sound waves, pitched at 50,000 cycles per second, far above the limits of the human ear, which can hear sounds up to frequencies of about 20,000 cycles per second. As the echoes bounce back off obstacles such as trees and walls, the bats are able to take proper action.

    The first steps to help blind people to see with sound are based on exactly the same principle. The sound is given off by an ultrasonic (超声的) torch, whose shape is different from a normal electric torch. It is double-barreled. It works in a similar way to a sonar (声呐) unit on a warship or submarine. The unit's transmitter sends out pulses of ultrasonic waves at the same frequency as the bat and the receiver picks up the returning echoes. Because these are still above the frequency at which the human ear can pick them up. The echoes are filtered (过滤) through circuits that turn them into “bleeps” which can be clearly heard before passing them into headphones.

    This means that a person holding the torch can point it ahead of him and scan the area for obstacles over a range of about 25 feet. If there are no return echoes coming through the headphones, then there is nothing in the way. If echoes do come back, then the closer the obstruction the faster the succession of bleeps and the deeper the pitch of each bleep. With practice, the torch could help a blind person to lead a more normal life.

    At present, the experimental ultrasonic torch requires a shoulder bag to carry the batteries, cables for the power supplies and earphones, as well as the torch itself. Fortunately, reducing the size of the electronic equipment is progressing and it should not be long before the whole set-up can be reproduced in a form small enough to fit into a pair of glasses. The wearer would face in the direction he wanted to check, and lift or lower his head just as a sighted person would.

阅读理解

    Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.

    “To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density (密度)”,said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope (放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”

    Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro/nanoelectromechanreal systems (MNEMS) Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.

    “People hear the word 'nuclear' and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”

    His new idea is not only in the battery's size, but also in its semiconductor(半导体). Kwon's battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.

    “The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶体结构) of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”

    Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery, In the future, they hope to increase the battery's power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    One spring day, once the flowers have begun to open, a bee will hover (盘旋) and zip through your yard and dive-bomb your picnic table. While you're thinking about avoiding an attack, that bee is focused on something else entirely: me.

    A honeybee has about six weeks to live. Today, like most days, her task is to fly as many as three miles from home, stick her long, straw-like tongue into a hundred or so flowers. When the bee has had her fill, shell fly home. There the bee will deposit what she has got into the mouth of one of her co-workers, who will relay it to another, and so on for about 20 minutes, until the mixture is ready to be placed into the comb. Then she and her 50 000 or so mates will hover in the dark all night every night, flapping their wings to create hot, breezy conditions to remove the water from the mixture. Several sunrises later, they will seal me off in a golden cell of beeswax. In her lifetime, our bee may visit 4, 000 flowers, and yet will produce only one-twelfth of a tea spoon of me.

    The average American consumes nearly a pound and a half of me every year, in tea, on toast, and beyond. If I do say so myself, I am a timeless treasure. Literally—I never go bad.

    Alas, my good health is not guaranteed. The problem lies in the growth of industrial agriculture and the use of pest control chemicals, as well as changes in weather patterns, all of which reduce the number of flowers bees have to visit I'd appreciate your letting your own garden grow just a little wild My future depends on all of us fostering spring and summers wild flowers, thus helping the bees, who give so much—to you, to me—without ever asking for anything in return.

阅读理解

    The idea that computers have some amount of "intelligence" is not new, says Ralph Haupter, the president of Microsoft Asia, pointing as far back as 1950 when computer pioneer Alan Turing asked whether machines can think. "So it has taken nearly 70 years for the right combination of factors to come together to move AI from concept to reality," says Haupter.

    It is predicted that the development of artificial intelligence will be the story of the coming generations, not just the coming year, but as 2019 gets underway, you'll find AI will begin to touch your life in many ways according to some researchers.

"Personal assistant AIs will keep getting smarter. As our personal assistants learn more about our daily routines, I can imagine the day I need not to worry about preparing dinner. My AI knows what I like to eat, which days of the week I like to cook at home, and makes sure that when I get back from work all my groceries are waiting at my doorstep, ready for me to prepare that delicious meal I had been longing for." —Alecjandro Troccoli, senior research scientist, NVIDIA.

"Thanks to AI, the face will be the new credit card, the new driver's license and the new barcode (条形码). Facial recognition is already completely transforming security with biometric capabilities being adopted, and seeing how technology and business are connected, like Amazon is with Whole Foods, I can see a near future where people will no longer need to stand in line at the store." —Georges Nahon, president, Orange Institute, a global research laboratory.

"2019 will be the year AI becomes real for medicine. By the end of the year we're seeing solutions for population health, hospital operations and a broad set of clinical specialties quickly follow behind." —Mark Michalski, executive director, Massachusetts General Hospital.

阅读理解

    City trees grow faster and die younger than trees in rural forestry, a new study finds. Over their lifetimes, then, urban trees will likely absorb less CO2 from the air thah forest trees.

    As we all know, the earth would be freezing or burning hot without CO2. However, CO2 is a greenhouse gas, meaning it traps energy from the sun as/heat. That makes temperatures near the ground rise. Human activities, especially the widespread burning-of fossil(化石)fuels, have been sending extra greenhouse gases into the air. This has led to a rise in average temperatures across the globe.

    Studies had shown forests readily absorb CO2, but there hadn't been much data on whether city trees grow, die and absorb CO2 at the same rate as forest trees do. So some researchers decided to find out.

    To figure out how quickly trees were growing, researchers tracked their diameters (the width of their trunks) between 2005 and 2014. A tree's diameter increases as it grows, just as a person's waist size increases as they gain weight. About half the weight of a tree is carbon, research has shown. Most of the rest is water. Over the nine years' tracking, the researchers found city trees absorbed four times as much carbon from the air as forest trees. However, they were twice as likely to die. So over the lifetime of each type of tree, forest trees actually absorbed more CO2.

    City trees grew faster because they had less competition for light from their neighbors. In a forest, trees tend to grow close together, shading their neighbors. Street trees also benefit from higher levels of nitrogen (氮)in rainwater. Nitrogen helps plants grow. Waste gases from gas-burning cars also contain nitrogen, thus enriching city air with nitrogen. Later, rainwater may wash much of it to the ground. Some street trees may also have better access to water than trees in the country because the underground water pipes can leak.

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