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题型:阅读理解 题类: 难易度:普通

天津市天津市十二区县 2024届重点校高三毕业班联考(一)英语试卷

阅读理解

"One of the reasons I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger." says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.

By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that her mom quit the right way—by stopping abruptly and completely.

In her study, participants were randomly assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine(尼古丁) patches before they quit, in addition to a second form of nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy with a nurse before and after quit day.

Six months out, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it—more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.

And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they'd rather cut down gradually before quitting. "If you're training for a marathon. you wouldn't expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, "Well, if I gradually reduce, it's like practice." "says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn't the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them cravings(瘾) and withdrawal symptoms before they even reached quit day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. "Regardless of your stated preference, if you're ready to quit. quitting abruptly is more effective." says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira."When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that's convincing. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it."Ferreira says.

People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.

(1)、What does Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?
A、She quit smoking with her daughter's help. B、She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers. C、She was also a researcher of tobacco and health. D、She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.
(2)、What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley's study?
A、They were offered nicotine replacements. B、They were looked after by physicians. C、They were encouraged by psychologists. D、They were given physical training.
(3)、How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley's experiment?
A、It is unexpected. B、It is idealized. C、It is encouraging. D、It is misleading.
(4)、The idea of "a marathon" (Para.5) illustrates the popular belief that quitting smoking
A、is a challenge at the beginning B、needs some practice first C、requires a lot of patience D、is something few can accomplish
(5)、What happens when people try to quit smoking gradually?
A、They feel much less pain in the process. B、They are simply unable to make it. C、They show fewer withdrawal symptoms. D、They find it even more difficult .
举一反三
阅读理解

    Most of us have lost our wallet at some stage in our lives. But few would imagine having it returned after 66 years. Edward Parker dropped his wallet in 1950 into an inaccessible spot behind a bookshelf, while working as an electrician, repairing World War Two bomb damage in the palace. The wallet stayed there until this year when a builder, doing some restoration work, finally found it.

    The wallet is a time capsule. Its leather and webbing has long ago started to disintegrate. But it contains numerous pictures of family, invoices, receipts, old union cards, results of a chest X-ray (sent to him in 1948, the same year as the NHS was founded), a national service card dated 9 December 1944 and a medical insurance card. His business cards—E Parker, Electrical Contractor—seem almost original. Reflecting the typical methods of contact of the time, they have an address but no telephone number.

    A month ago I was speaking to a press officer Lambeth Palace and he mentioned that the wallet had just been handed in. We thought it might be nice to try and work out whose it was and give it back to the family. Edward Parker is a pretty common name, but his medical card contained two places of residence—Poets Road and Springdale Road in north London. From this, Islington Council were able to find details of a marriage between Edward Parker and Constance Butler in 1947.

    That information was enough to work out that he was still alive and in a care home in Essex, so I went to visit him. Now 89, Edward has dementia (痴呆), but he was clearly happy to get the wallet and in particular, the photographs back. He pointed out pictures of his mother and father, his brother, his cousins and his wife Constance, who was with him when I visited. He hadn't seen a picture of his father since he lost the wallet, Constance, 90, said.

阅读理解

    A 9-year-old boy in Indian stopped a would-be carjacker(劫车贼)on Christmas Day from running away with his father's truck.

    Kevin Cooksey was inside the One Stop Express gas station in Kokomo buying medicine for his wife when a man jumped into the driver's seat of his truck. Cooksey had left the engine running and the door unlocked.

    "When I saw my truck door open, I was astonished, 'Oh my God, what am I going to tell my wife?'" Cooksey said.

    His son, Larry, was sitting in the back seat. "As soon as he opened the door, I got frightened," said Larry. "So I pulled out the gun and pointed it to his head."

    This was enough to make the carjacker think twice and he jumped out of the truck to try another car. Parked beside Cooksey's truck was Kyle Sparling's black Trailblazer. He too had left the engine running as he went into the store. The man got in Sparling's SUV and took off.

    "I didn't know what to think, I just kind of ran outside and watched him," said Sparling.

    As the man sped off, Cooksey told Sparling to get into his truck and the two men began to run after him. The icy winter conditions made the driving difficult, but the pair followed at a safe distance as the carjacker drove in a "Z" way. After a few miles, the carjacker knocked into the sign of a local business, American Tool and Party Rental. Cooksey and Sparling called the police to the place.

    The police put 32-year-old Ollie Dunn into prison. Sparling's car was damaged in the wheel, and the windscreen got cracked after the sign fell on it. "I was just glad he didn't knock into anybody," Sparling said. "That was my biggest fear, I think."

阅读理解

    Oil is essential for modern life. About 64 percent of the world's oil is located in the Middle East, but the heaviest consumers of oil are Europe, America, and Japan. The problem lies in getting the oil from the countries that produce it to the countries that consume it. This is mainly done using oil tankers. Usually the oil is shipped safely and with no problems, but occasionally there is a disaster.

    Every year millions of tons of oil are spilled into the ocean. Although this is only a small percentage of the total amount shipped around the world each year, this spilled oil can have terrible effects on ocean life, including the coastlines where the oil washes up onto shore.

    One of the worst oil spills in history occurred along the Alaskan coastline in 1989, when the Exxon Valdez tanker ran aground off the coast of Alaska, spilling 42 million liters of oil. Although it wasn't the largest oil spill, the disaster was terrible because it occurred in such a sensitive natural area. In this spill, the tanker's captain, who was tired from overwork and drinking alcohol, had gone to take a rest. He gave control of the ship to another sailor, who was unfamiliar with the route. The ship ran onto Bligh Reef. Damaged by the reef, the ship leaked oil out into the ocean. More than 1,600 kilometers of coastline were affected by the oil spill. Many birds and otters died as a result of the oil covering their skin, and many other sea creatures and the animals that fed on them were also severely affected.

阅读理解

    People usually visit cafes to ease themselves of their tiredness and keep themselves from falling asleep, but Mr. Healing, a popular cafe chain in South Korea actually does the opposite. Customers can come in, order a drink, lie down in a comfortable massage chair, and take a nap.

    Many Koreans suffer from a lack of sleep as a result of overworking, so any opportunity to relax and even take a nap is greatly appreciated. Mr. Healing is the perfect place to go when you're on a short work or school break and you need to catch up on sleep. The cafe offers massage periods in various modes, depending on how much time you have and how you choose to spend it.

    The 20-minute session is priced at $3.5, the 30-minute massage costs $7, and the 50-minute session is $9, all of which also include a drink. Once you make your choice, you are taken to the “healing center”. You are asked to take off your shoes as well as any jewelry that might damage the chairs, after which you can choose a massage mode, from “stretch” or “sleep”. You can start with stretch for a few minutes, and then switch to sleep if you want to take a short nap. After it comes to an end, you are taken back to the cafe area to enjoy a coffee or one of the many other refreshing drinks on the menu.

    Mr. Healing cafes are so popular in Korea that customers are advised to make reservations in advance to be sure that a massage chair is available. “I have to sit on a chair and stare at a computer monitor all day due to my job, the healing room was truly effective to relieve tiredness and stress from weekdays,” said Park Hye-sun, a 24-year-old officer.

    Some have described Mr. Healing and other similar relaxation cafes in South Korea as simple fashions, but others see them as a sustainable business model, because they offer a service that Koreans really need.

阅读理解

    Copenhagen Destination Guide

    The modern city of Copenhagen combines the best of European cafe culture and Scandinavian architecture. It's charming and compact with lots of local history to dive into. Although spending time in Copenhagen can become expensive, there are many ways to experience the city on a budget as well.

    Attractions

    Copenhagen is one of the world's best cycling cities. To see the city with ease, rent a bike or take a small group tour to see the sights, including the Little Mermaid, the island of Amager and the community of Christiania. You can also take a canal boat tour to see the city from a unique view. The Tivoli Gardens offer a sense of love in the evenings. There are some excellent museums to explore. Be sure to add the Museum of Art and Design to your travel plan.

    Transportation

    Kastrup Airport is the first destination for most visitors. It typically takes less than 15 minutes to get from the airport to the city center by train, so all the visitors prefer this way to travel between the two places. Canal boat tours are the easiest way to see the city's attractions. Cycling is the fastest and most flexible way to get around, and it's a refreshingly pedestrian-friendly city as well.

    Tips

    Find local sandwich shops to eat like the locals do and give your wallet a break.

    Museum lovers should have a Copenhagen Card, which provides free entrance to about 60 museums and many other attractions too.

    Consider visiting Copenhagen in the autumn, when it's a little cold but accommodations become much cheaper than those in the summer.

    Check at www.Save70.com to view price comparisons for flights and hotels before you book.

 阅读理解

In Bududa, a lush yet landslide-prone district of eastern Uganda, Mary Butsina and a growing number of other women farmers are building their livelihoods around coffee. "I'm supporting all of my 10 children with it." says the 36-year-old, holding a red bucket.

From farming stock, Mary first went to work with her father at the age of 10. Profits from his coffee crop covered her school fees. She married into coffee too, with her husband giving her 100 trees as a wedding present. But Mary's since planted more than 300 herself and joined a women's cooperative. "The aim was to reduce the dependence of women on men in coffee." Mary says, though husbands are allowed to join too—as they tend to own the coffee plantations and support their wives. "More women have started to plant their own coffee." she says. 

Mary rises early every day to pick the coffee cherries. "It's hard work but when you concentrate it can become easy." says Mary. After gathering the ripe fruit, she puts it in a bucket of water to weed out the unhealthy cherries. The beans are then fermented (发酵) in water for at least two days before being laid out to dry in direct sunlight. Once dried, the beans are gathered up and later collected by Endiro Coffee, a social enterprise working with women-led, organic farms. The coffee is later milled, roasted and ground, ready for use.

It hasn't been an easy journey for the Bududa farmers, who've faced annual landslides for the past 15 years. In 2018, Mary's mother's house was destroyed and she lost some of her coffee plantations. She dreams of living in a solidly built house with water nearby, so she doesn't have to trek (跋涉) a long way to fetch it-but these will take time to save for. "I've worked a lot and I don't want to stop, but I want my money to work for me." she says.

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