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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:容易

甘肃省天水市第一中学2017-2018学年高一上学期英语开学考试试卷

阅读理解

    Plants are very important living things. Life could not go on if there were no plants. This is because plants can make food from air, water and sunlight.

    Animals and man cannot make food from air, water and sunlight. Animals get their food by eating plants and other animals. Therefore animals and man need plants in order to live. This is why we find that there are so many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you, you will find that there are two kinds of plants: flowering plants and non-flowering plants. Flowering plants can make seeds. The seeds are protected by the fruits. Some fruits have one seed, some have two, three or four, and some have many seeds. But a few fruits have no seeds at all. An example of a fruit without seeds is the banana fruit. Most non-flowering plants do not grow from seeds. They grow from spores (胚芽). Spores are very small. Some spores are so small and light that they can float in the air. We may say that spores are quite the same as seeds. When these spores are all on wet and shady places, they usually grow into new plants.

(1)、The main idea of the first paragraph is that       .
A、plants are important for life B、plants cannot grow without air C、there are many plants in the world D、we can not live without water
(2)、Plants can make food from       .
A、flower, water and air B、water, sunlight and air C、air, water and soil D、air, sun and light
(3)、What can we infer (推断) from the passage?
A、Of all living things animals are most important B、Spores arc seeds C、All fruits of flowering plants have seeds D、Without plants, man will die out
举一反三
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    As we all know, sleep is very important and necessary. I would love everyone to develop the following four habits to have better sleep without needing the alarm(闹钟)wake-up call.

    {#blank#}1{#/blank#}If you eat much food an hour before you go to bed, your body will hate you, because your body needs time to digest while you are still awake.

    {#blank#}2{#/blank#}When I hear on TV that people just need 30-minute exercise a week, I think that's wrong. Every person should get 30-minute exercise every day. When you exercise, your body uses energy and feels tired. You have to recover from the tiredness. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} The harder you exercise your body, the faster it falls to sleep and the better it sleeps.

    Turn the TV off. There are a few shows I still watch, but they will never get in my way of (妨碍) sleep. The bedroom is only for sleeping and rest. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#}A question to ask yourself: If I didn't have an alarm, what time would I get up? If that time is the time you need to get up, you should probably throw away the alarm. If the time you actually get up is much later than the time you need to get up, make great changes to your way of life and the time you go to sleep. No one should need an alarm.

A. Exercise for at least 30 minutes every day.

B. Don't eat any food 4 hours before you sleep.

C. Throw away the alarm.

D. Sleep is one of the most important things in our lives.

E. Your body recovers when you are sleeping.

F. Try to get up as early as you can.

G. Take the TV out of your bedroom.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Top lists are lecturing people on everything from “100 places to visit” to “100 books to read”. Aren't you just tired of being told what to do with your time?

    Now you have a list to end all lists!

    Take a look at the following two examples from the list of “101 thins not to do”:

    Swim with Dolphins?

    Swimming with dolphins is one of the world's most profitable tourist activities. However, every dolphin will welcome having their busy, tiring day interrupted by tourists screaming pushing around them in the water. Worse yet, when dolphins get too near to the boats loaded tourists, they could get caught up in ropes and killed by propellers(螺旋桨).

    Here's a little secret. Dolphins look like smiling at you, but actually they're just opening mouths.

    Go to see the Mona Lisa?

    There must be something about the mysterious smile. The 6 million people who visit the lady in the Louvre every year can't all be wrong, after all. But they can be quite annoying, standing in front of you, holding up their cameras to prevent you from seeing anything. In fact, it is hard for you to see the painting clearly because you have to stay away from it for security reasons. After queuing for hours, many tourists can remain in front of the painting only for 15 seconds most.

    If the mysterious lady in the picture knew her fate, she wouldn't just be smiling, she'd be laughing.

    So, still long to see the Mona Lisa? If you want to find out more about the list, read 101 Things NOT to Do Before You Die. Visit www. not2dobeforeidie. co. uk and buy the book at a 20% discount.

阅读理解

                                                                                         The University of Sheffield

    Back to its origin

    The University of Sheffield is a research university in the city of Sheffield in South Yorkshire, England. It is one of the original “red brick” universities, which are a group of top and famous old universities. The University of Sheffield was originally formed by the combination of three colleges. The Sheffield School of Medicine was founded in 1828, followed in 1879 by the opening of Firth College by Mark Firth, a steel manufacturer (制造商), to teach arts and science subjects. Firth College then helped to provide money for the opening of the Sheffield Technical School in 1884 to teach applied science. In 1897 the three institutions were joined together to form the University College of Sheffield, which in turn became the University of Sheffield by Royal Charter (特许) in 1905. This university is famous for its good education and boasts a number of Nobel Prize winners among its former students.

    More information

    System: The University has five departments: Arts and Humanities; Engineering; Pure Science; Social Sciences; Medicine, Dentistry and Health. Sheffield also has many research programs in fields including aerospace, environmental science, psychology, and biology.

    City show: Sheffield is a lively city in the north of England. Sheffield is known as the greenest city in Europe because of its 2 million trees. As a result, there are many parks and woods throughout the city and beyond. Sheffield is the greenest city in England with 150 woodlands and 50 public parks within the city. Once, in Sheffield, the folk hero—Robin Hood lived in Sherwood Forest with 150 of his loyal friends. And Charlotte Bronte, the English writer noted for her novel Jane Eyre was born in Sheffield.

阅读理解

    Carri Kessler and her husband Will named their daughter Ottilie after a friend from the UK, who helped them a lot. However, right after their baby girl was born, the couple noticed a big problem: "No one could remember her name and no one could pronounce it, were going to keep having to introduce her!" Kessler told Today.com.

    The situation then grew worse as Kessler's grandmother admitted to sticking Post-it notes around the house to help remind her of Ottilie's name which can be pronounced either Ott-ill-ee or Oh-TEEL-ya. Three months after Ottilie was born, the Kesslers have decided to legally change their daughter's name. The couple came up with two possible names. They then settled on Margot after talking to a name expert.

    The Kesslers situation is not uncommon as an increasing number of parents experience the same as the Kesslers. According to Baby Center Canada, 11% of its users wish they could change their children's names due to being over popular mispronounced or simply unfitting. Parents care a lot more and think a lot more about names now than their parents.

    To deal with this, a number of name experts now offer services to help parents choose the right name. Couples have also looked for help from the Internet to choose their baby's name. However, parents can change their child's name in the event that they regret their choice. In Canada, the rules vary in each province. For instance, in Ontario, the child must have lived in the province for the past 12 months, or since birth if under the age of one. Each of the child's legal guardians(监护人)must also give permission.

 阅读理解

There has been tremendous concern recently over misinformation on social media. This concern is quite justifiable, as the consequences of believing false information are greatly affecting the individual and collective health.

Many people tend to fall for misinformation they encounter online. There is one influential explanation for this phenomenon. As the thinking goes, someone, who possesses very limited skills in finding and consuming digital content, creating digital content, and communicating it, is likely to have difficulty recognizing false information and thus is more vulnerable to believing false information. As a result, these less digitally literate people may play a significant part in the spread of misinformation.

This argument sounds perfectly plausible. Yet very little research has actually investigated the link between digital literacy and the vulnerability to believing false information. There's even less understanding of the potential link between digital literacy and what people share on social media. A group of MIT researchers explored these potential associations by surveying 1,341 Americans.

In the experiment, the researchers first showed the participants two dozen news headlines about politics, half of which were accurate, and half of which were false. In the second phase, they included a series of tests: having the participants report their familiarity with various Internet-related terms and answer questions about how social media platforms decide what to show in their newsfeeds. At last, the participants were required to assess the accuracy of a set of headlines and point out their likelihood of sharing each headline on social media.

The researchers found "clear evidence" that digital literacy was a strong predictor of accuracy discernment (识别能力). However, the results were "strikingly different" regarding sharing discernment. Digitally literate subjects were just as likely to share inaccurate information. Most surprisingly, even people with high digital literacy were not immune from clicking "share" for false news.

This sounds odd. Although most people don't want to spread misinformation, social media is distracting: people are scrolling quickly, and their attention is drawn to social validation (社会认知度), such as how many likes their posts will get. So make sure a certain post is accurate before you click the "share" button.

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